Os objetivos foram avaliar os efeitos da aplicação de vitamina E pré-parto sobre a incidência de retenção de placenta e desempenho reprodutivo de vacas leiteiras. Entre maio de 2012 e abril de 2013, 890 animais, sendo 390 Holandesas (132 nulíparas e 258 vacas) e 500 mestiças Holandês x Gir (199 nulíparas e 301 vacas) foram envolvidas no estudo em três fazendas. Vacas e novilhas pré-parto foram alojadas em áreas de pastagem com piquetes rotacionados entre outubro e março e receberam 2 kg/d de concentrado, contendo fubá de milho, farelo de soja, minerais e vitaminas. De abril a setembro, as fêmeas pré-parto receberam dieta total composta de silagem de milho, fubá de milho, farelo de soja, minerais e vitaminas. Durante o período pré-parto, as fêmeas receberam 280 (Fazenda 1), 390 (Fazenda 2) e 480 (Fazenda 3) UI de vitamina E por dia via dieta. Em cada fazenda, os animais foram aleatorizados a não receberam tratamento algum (Controle), ou receberem aplicações semanais de 1.000 UI de vitamina E via intramuscular, aos 258 ± 3, 265 ± 3 e 272 ± 3 d de gestação (VitE). Amostras de sangue foram colhidas de um subgrupo de 141 fêmeas imediatamente antes de serem aleatorizadas para determinar a concentração sérica de ?-tocoferol. Amostras de sangue também foram analisadas para determinar as concentrações de cortisol e ácidos graxos não esterificados (AGNEs). As análises estatísticas foram feitas através dos procedimentos GLIMMIX, MIXED, PHREG E LIFETEST do SAS. Variáveis binárias foram analisadas por regressão logística, variáveis contínuas foram analisadas por ANOVA e variáveis relacionadas a tempo a um evento foram avaliadas através de curva de sobrevivência. O ?-tocoferol sérico não diferiu entre grupos Controle e VitE, com concentração média de 2,97 ± 0,10 ?g/mL. 53,2% das fêmeas apresentaram concentração inadequada de ?-tocoferol sérico baseado em 3 ?g/mL como ponto de corte. A probabilidade das vacas terem retenção de placenta diminuiu à medida em que a concentração sérica de ?-tocoferol aumentou (P = 0,01). A produção de leite foi igual nos grupos Controle e VitE. Aplicação de vitamina E pré-parto reduziu a incidência de natimortos, retenção de placenta e mortalidade até os 200 DEL. O grupo VitE apresentou tendência (P = 0,08) de aumento na taxa de concepção à primeira IA (36,7 vs 30,1%) pela menor perda embrionária/fetal entre 30 e 60 d de gestação (12,5 vs 20,5%). Apesar de similar taxa de inseminação entre os grupos, suplementação com vitamina E pré-parto acarretou em 22% de aumento na taxa de prenhez em relação ao grupo Controle. As fêmeas no grupo VitE tiveram menores concentrações de cortisol e AGNEs ao redor do parto. Em resumo, quando as vacas e novilhas foram alimentadas com quantidades limitadas de vitamina E, 28 a 48% das recomendações do NRC para vacas no pré-parto, a suplementação com vitamina E injetável melhorou a saúde e o desempenho reprodutivo das mesmas. / Objectives were to evaluate the effects of injectable vitamin E supplementation during the last 3 weeks prepartum on the incidence of retained fetal membranes (RFM) and reproductive performance of dairy cows. Eight-hundred and ninety dairy cows and heifers, being 390 Holsteins (132 nuliparous and 258 parous) and 500 crossbred Holstein x Gyr (199 nuliparous and 301 parous) from three dairy farms were assigned to the study from May 2012 to April 2013. In all three farms, prepartum females were housed in pastures, and from October to March, cows had access to pasture and were managed under grazing and received 2 kg/d of a mixture of finely ground corn, soybean meal, and minerals and vitamins. From April to September, prepartum animals received a TMR composed of corn silage, finely ground corn, soybean meal, and minerals and vitamins. During the prepartum period, animals received 280 (Farm 1), 390 (Farm 2), and 480 (Farm 3) IU of vitamin E/d. Within each farm, cows and heifers were randomly assigned to remain as untreated controls or to receive three i.m. injections of 1,000 IU each of DL-?-tocopherol administered at 258 ± 3, 265 ± 3, and 272 ± 3 d of gestation (VitE). Blood was sampled from a subset of 141 animals immediately before enrollment to determine the _-tocopherol status. Blood was also analyzed for concentrations of cortisol and nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA). Statistical analysis was performed with SAS software using the GLIMMIX, MIXED, PHREG and LIFETEST procedures. The concentration of ?-tocopherol in serum of females did not differ between treatments and averaged 2.97 ± 0.10 ?g/mL. A total of 53.2% of the animals had inadequate concentration of serum ?-tocopherol based on the 3.0 ?g/mL cut-off for adequacy. The probability of cows to have RFM decreased as the concentration of ?-tocopherol in serum increased (P = 0,01). Milk production did not differ between Control and VitE cows. Treatment with injectable ?-tocopherol improved postpartum health by reducing the incidence of stillbirths, RFM, and death by 200 d postpartum. Cows receiving VitE tended (P = 0,08) to have improved pregnancy per insemination (P/AI) at first AI (36.7 vs. 30.1%) because of less pregnancy loss between 30 and 60 d of gestation (12.5 vs. 20.5%). Despite similar insemination rate, cows receiving VitE had 22% greater pregnancy rate than control cows, which was attributed to the improved P/AI and reduced pregnancy loss in all inseminations during the first 200 d in milk. Females in VitE had reduced concentrations of cortisol and NEFA around calving. In summary, when cows and heifers were fed limited amounts of supplemental vitamin E, 28 to 48% of the recommendations for prepartum dry cows, supplementation with injectable ?-tocopherol improved postpartum health and reproduction.

The aim was to explore the possibility to diagnose retained placental tissue and other placental complications with 3D ultrasound and to investigate the impact of previous caesarean section on placentation in forthcoming pregnancies. 3D ultrasound was used to measure the volumes of the uterine body and cavity in 50 women with uncomplicated deliveries throughout the postpartum period. These volumes were then used as reference, to diagnose retained placental tissue in 25 women with secondary postpartum haemorrhage. All but three of the 25 women had retained placental tissue confirmed at histopathology. The volume of the uterine cavity in women with retained placental tissue was larger than the reference in most cases, but even cavities with no retained placental tissue were enlarged (Studies I and II). Women with their first and second birth, recorded in the Swedish medical birth register, were studied in order to find an association between previous caesarean section and retained placenta. The risk of retained placenta with heavy bleeding (>1,000 mL) and normal bleeding (≤1,000 mL) was estimated for 19,459 women with first caesarean section delivery, using 239,150 women with first vaginal delivery as controls. There was an increased risk of retained placenta with heavy bleeding in women with previous caesarean section (adjusted OR 1.61; 95% CI 1.44-1.79). There was no increased risk of retained placenta with normal bleeding (Study III). Placental location, myometrial thickness and Vascularisation Index were recorded on 400 women previously delivered by caesarean section. The outcome was retained placenta and postpartum haemorrhage (≥1,000 mL). There was a trend towards increased risk of postpartum haemorrhage for women with anterior placentae. Women with placenta praevia had an increased risk of retained placenta and postpartum haemorrhage. Vascularisation Index and myometrial thickness did not associate (Study IV). In conclusion: 3D ultrasound can be used to measure the volume of the uterine body and cavity postpartum, but does not increase the diagnostic accuracy of retained placental tissue. Previous caesarean section increases the risk of retained placenta in subsequent pregnancy, and placenta praevia in women with previous caesarean section increases the risk for retained placenta and postpartum haemorrhage.

Zusammenfassung Katja Schwartau Peripartale hämatologische und klinisch-chemische Blutuntersuchungen zur Frühdiagnostik der Dislocatio abomasi, Gebärparese, Retentio secundinarum und Mastitis bei Milchkühen Medizinische Tierklinik der Veterinärmedizinischen Fakultät der Universität Leipzig Eingereicht im Mai 2011 Bibliographische Angaben 94 Seiten, 22 Abbildungen, 19 Tabellen, 210 Literaturangaben, Schlüsselwörter: Labmagenverlagerung, Gebärparese, Retentio secundinarum, Mastitis, Kuh Produktionskrankheiten haben in den letzten Jahren immer mehr an Bedeutung gewonnen. Diese leistungsassoziierten Bestandserkrankungen tragen wesentlich zur kurzen Nutzungsdauer von ca. 2,5 Jahren der Milchkühe bei. Es ist deshalb besonders wichtig, ihre Prophylaxe einschließlich der Früherkennung in den Vordergrund zu stellen. In der vorliegenden Untersuchung wurden deshalb frühdiagnostische Möglichkeiten der LMV (Labmagenverlagerung), GP (Gebärparese), Retentio sec. (Retentio secundinarum) und Mastitis geprüft. Des Weiteren wurden die Kühe in einer Gruppe „krank“ und einer Gruppe „gesund“ gegenübergestellt, um durch Stoffwechselabweichungen generell subklinische Veränderungen zu erkennen, die Hinweise auf bevorstehende Erkrankungen geben. Besondere Beachtung fand für die Bewertung des Erkrankungsrisikos die odds ratio. In die Untersuchung wurden insgesamt 398 Schwarzbunte Kühe einbezogen. 49 Tiere waren an einer LMV, 121 Tiere an einer GP, 131 an einer Retentio sec. und 119 Tiere an einer Mastitis erkrankt. Im Gruppenvergleich gesund/krank wurden 347 erkrankte Kühe mit 51 klinisch gesunden Tieren verglichen. Es wurden bei allen Kühen 14-7 d a.p. (Tage ante partum) und 3 d p.p. (Tage post partum) Blutproben entnommen. Es wurden Parameter des Energie-, Fett- und Leberstoffwechsels (FFS [Freie Fettsäuren], BHB [ß-0H-Butyrat], Cholesterol, Glucose, Insulin, AST [Aspartat-Amino-Transferase], Bilirubin), des Eiweißstoffwechsels (Albumin, Haptoglobin, TP [Gesamt-Eiweiß], Harnstoff, Kreatinin) und der Leukozyten sowie des Mineralstoffwechsels (Na [Natrium], K [Kalium], Cl [Chlorid], Ca [Calcium], Pi [anorganisches Phosphat], AP [Alkalische Phosphatase]) und der CK [Creatinkinase] bestimmt und mit gesunden Kühen verglichen. 92 Auf das Risiko einer LMV weisen a.p. besonders Konzentrationssteigerungen des Haptoglobins hin. Aber auch die Mediane der Glucose und der AP liegen außerhalb des Referenzbereichs bei Tieren, die später an einer LMV erkranken. Drei d p.p. kommen signifikante Konzentrationsanstiege der FFS, des BHB und des Bilirubin sowie signifikante Konzentrationsabnahmen des Insulin (odds ratio 8,43) bis unter den Normbereich hinzu. Die Aktivitäten der AP und auch die Konzentrationen von Cholesterol und Ca bleiben ebenfalls unter dem Normbereich. Die Mediane der AST-Aktivität und der Haptoglobinkonzentration liegen oberhalb des Referenzbereichs. Auf das Risiko einer GP weisen a.p. und p.p die verminderte AP-Aktivität sowie Konzentrationsanstiege der FFS (odds ratio 1,78) hin. Drei d p.p ergänzen die Konzentrationen des BHB, des Bilirubins und des Haptoglobins (odds ratio 4,59) oberhalb der Referenzbereiche die Veränderungen. Der Median der Insulinkonzentration liegt 3 d p.p. unter dem Referenzbereich. Einer Retentio sec. gehen erhöhte Glucosekonzentrationen a.p. voraus. Der Median der AP-Aktivitäten liegt schon a.p. unter dem Normbereich. Drei d p.p. unterscheidet er sich signifikant von Kühen ohne Retentio sec. Hinweise auf Mastitiden liefern p.p. die Konzentrationen des BHB (odds ratio 1,78). Die Mediane der Glucosekonzentrationen liegen a.p. oberhalb und die der AP-Aktivitäten unterhalb der Referenzbereiche. Drei d p.p. kommen Steigerungen der Haptoglobin-, Glucose- und Bilirubinkonzentrationen sowie Aktivitätssteigerungen der AST bis über den Normbereich hinzu. Als Besonderheit liegen die Ca- und Pi-Konzentrationen aufgrund des geringeren Abflusses bei einer verminderten Milchleistung signifikant über denen der gesunden Kühe. Für die Entstehung postpartaler Erkrankungen generell verdienen die signifikanten Konzentrationssteigerungen der Glucose sowie die Abnahme der AP-Aktivität besondere Beachtung. Das BHB (odds ratio 1,92 a.p.) und die CK (odds ratio 2,17 a.p.) weisen auf ein erhöhtes Krankheitsrisiko hin. Drei d p.p. kommen zu den Veränderungen dieser Parameter noch signifikante Konzentrations- bzw. Aktivitätssteigerungen der FFS, des BHB, der CK, des Bilirubins, der AST und des Haptoglobins (odds ratio 4,61) sowie erniedrigte Ca-Konzentrationen hinzu. Die Untersuchungen haben gezeigt, dass a.p. generell Abweichungen des Energiestoffwechsels und im Besonderen gesteigerte Glucosekonzentrationen sowie erniedrigte AP-Aktivitäten ein erhöhtes Risiko für postpartale Erkrankungen anzeigen. Höhere Aussagekraft besitzen Kontrollen am 3. d p.p. mit den Parametern Insulin (odds ratio 8,4), FFS, BHB und Haptoglobin (odds ratio 4,61), deren Konzentrationen gegenüber gesunden Kühen signifikant abweichen. Ähnlich gute Eignung zeigen, Bilirubin, AST und Ca.

Os objetivos foram avaliar os efeitos da aplicação de vitamina E pré-parto sobre a incidência de retenção de placenta e desempenho reprodutivo de vacas leiteiras. Entre maio de 2012 e abril de 2013, 890 animais, sendo 390 Holandesas (132 nulíparas e 258 vacas) e 500 mestiças Holandês x Gir (199 nulíparas e 301 vacas) foram envolvidas no estudo em três fazendas. Vacas e novilhas pré-parto foram alojadas em áreas de pastagem com piquetes rotacionados entre outubro e março e receberam 2 kg/d de concentrado, contendo fubá de milho, farelo de soja, minerais e vitaminas. De abril a setembro, as fêmeas pré-parto receberam dieta total composta de silagem de milho, fubá de milho, farelo de soja, minerais e vitaminas. Durante o período pré-parto, as fêmeas receberam 280 (Fazenda 1), 390 (Fazenda 2) e 480 (Fazenda 3) UI de vitamina E por dia via dieta. Em cada fazenda, os animais foram aleatorizados a não receberam tratamento algum (Controle), ou receberem aplicações semanais de 1.000 UI de vitamina E via intramuscular, aos 258 ± 3, 265 ± 3 e 272 ± 3 d de gestação (VitE). Amostras de sangue foram colhidas de um subgrupo de 141 fêmeas imediatamente antes de serem aleatorizadas para determinar a concentração sérica de ?-tocoferol. Amostras de sangue também foram analisadas para determinar as concentrações de cortisol e ácidos graxos não esterificados (AGNEs). As análises estatísticas foram feitas através dos procedimentos GLIMMIX, MIXED, PHREG E LIFETEST do SAS. Variáveis binárias foram analisadas por regressão logística, variáveis contínuas foram analisadas por ANOVA e variáveis relacionadas a tempo a um evento foram avaliadas através de curva de sobrevivência. O ?-tocoferol sérico não diferiu entre grupos Controle e VitE, com concentração média de 2,97 ± 0,10 ?g/mL. 53,2% das fêmeas apresentaram concentração inadequada de ?-tocoferol sérico baseado em 3 ?g/mL como ponto de corte. A probabilidade das vacas terem retenção de placenta diminuiu à medida em que a concentração sérica de ?-tocoferol aumentou (P = 0,01). A produção de leite foi igual nos grupos Controle e VitE. Aplicação de vitamina E pré-parto reduziu a incidência de natimortos, retenção de placenta e mortalidade até os 200 DEL. O grupo VitE apresentou tendência (P = 0,08) de aumento na taxa de concepção à primeira IA (36,7 vs 30,1%) pela menor perda embrionária/fetal entre 30 e 60 d de gestação (12,5 vs 20,5%). Apesar de similar taxa de inseminação entre os grupos, suplementação com vitamina E pré-parto acarretou em 22% de aumento na taxa de prenhez em relação ao grupo Controle. As fêmeas no grupo VitE tiveram menores concentrações de cortisol e AGNEs ao redor do parto. Em resumo, quando as vacas e novilhas foram alimentadas com quantidades limitadas de vitamina E, 28 a 48% das recomendações do NRC para vacas no pré-parto, a suplementação com vitamina E injetável melhorou a saúde e o desempenho reprodutivo das mesmas. / Objectives were to evaluate the effects of injectable vitamin E supplementation during the last 3 weeks prepartum on the incidence of retained fetal membranes (RFM) and reproductive performance of dairy cows. Eight-hundred and ninety dairy cows and heifers, being 390 Holsteins (132 nuliparous and 258 parous) and 500 crossbred Holstein x Gyr (199 nuliparous and 301 parous) from three dairy farms were assigned to the study from May 2012 to April 2013. In all three farms, prepartum females were housed in pastures, and from October to March, cows had access to pasture and were managed under grazing and received 2 kg/d of a mixture of finely ground corn, soybean meal, and minerals and vitamins. From April to September, prepartum animals received a TMR composed of corn silage, finely ground corn, soybean meal, and minerals and vitamins. During the prepartum period, animals received 280 (Farm 1), 390 (Farm 2), and 480 (Farm 3) IU of vitamin E/d. Within each farm, cows and heifers were randomly assigned to remain as untreated controls or to receive three i.m. injections of 1,000 IU each of DL-?-tocopherol administered at 258 ± 3, 265 ± 3, and 272 ± 3 d of gestation (VitE). Blood was sampled from a subset of 141 animals immediately before enrollment to determine the _-tocopherol status. Blood was also analyzed for concentrations of cortisol and nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA). Statistical analysis was performed with SAS software using the GLIMMIX, MIXED, PHREG and LIFETEST procedures. The concentration of ?-tocopherol in serum of females did not differ between treatments and averaged 2.97 ± 0.10 ?g/mL. A total of 53.2% of the animals had inadequate concentration of serum ?-tocopherol based on the 3.0 ?g/mL cut-off for adequacy. The probability of cows to have RFM decreased as the concentration of ?-tocopherol in serum increased (P = 0,01). Milk production did not differ between Control and VitE cows. Treatment with injectable ?-tocopherol improved postpartum health by reducing the incidence of stillbirths, RFM, and death by 200 d postpartum. Cows receiving VitE tended (P = 0,08) to have improved pregnancy per insemination (P/AI) at first AI (36.7 vs. 30.1%) because of less pregnancy loss between 30 and 60 d of gestation (12.5 vs. 20.5%). Despite similar insemination rate, cows receiving VitE had 22% greater pregnancy rate than control cows, which was attributed to the improved P/AI and reduced pregnancy loss in all inseminations during the first 200 d in milk. Females in VitE had reduced concentrations of cortisol and NEFA around calving. In summary, when cows and heifers were fed limited amounts of supplemental vitamin E, 28 to 48% of the recommendations for prepartum dry cows, supplementation with injectable ?-tocopherol improved postpartum health and reproduction.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-08T16:24:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PGCA12MA103.pdf: 1158484 bytes, checksum: 7070ec0f4d7fc1aba2534da8c5d18609 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-02-16 / The crossbreed with the Jersey breed has been used mainly as an alternative to increasing the concentration of milk solids in Holstein herds, and the production capacity of these animals the focus of several studies. However, there are still limited information on many relevant factors to making decision and management of crossbreed herds, such as disease resistance and calving easy, and this is the motivation of this work, which aimed to evaluate the health, immunity and calving difficulty in Holstein x Jersey crossbred cows compared to pure Holstein cows. Data were obtained from a farm located in Carambeí-PR, which has purebred Holstein and crossbred Holstein x Jersey in different proportions of each breed. Data of calving difficulty, retained placenta, gestation length, blood indicators for postpartum metabolic diseases (ketosis and hypocalcemic puerperal paresis) and immunity were collected from July 2010 to June 2011 and data from Somatic Cell Count (SCC) obtained from the official milk recording in the period 2005 to 2010. For calving easy was adopted a scale ranging from 1 (unassisted births) to 5 (extreme difficulty, cesarean or death) and retained placenta when 24 hours elapsed the calving without of the fetal membranes detachment. Concentration of &#946;-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA) in blood as an indicator of ketosis, total and ionic calcium in blood serum as an indicator of hypocalcemic puerperal paresis, and indicators of immunity immunoglobulin G (IgG) and total protein in serum were determined from blood samples collected at calving, being repeated in the ninth week after calving for BHBA. The variables calving easy and retained placenta were evaluated using a generalized linear model with binomial distribution (logistic regression). Variables BHBA, gestation length, total and ionized calcium, total protein and IgG were evaluated using a randomized experimental design, and data subjected to analysis of variance. The CCS data were transformed to somatic cell score (ECS) and subjected to analysis of variance with repeated measures in time. The genetic groups did not affect the calving easy (P = 0.4376), retained placenta (P = 0.7074) and gestation length (P=0.2812). Crossbred cows had higher concentrations of IgG (1.776 versus 1.456 mg / dL) and total protein (7.019 versus 6.525 mg / dL). For the concentration of BHBA, differences occurred only at calving, with higher values for crossbred cows (0.580 versus 0.427 mmol / L). Difference was observed between genetic groups for concentration of ionized calcium (P = 0.082), with crossbred cows presented lower concentration (4.3 versus 3.92 mg / dL). Adult crossbred cows (from 3 years of age at calving), had lower ECS (P <0.0001). It is concluded that crossbred cows have superior performance compared to Holstein cows for somatic cells in milk and immunity indicators and lower for hypocalcemic puerperal paresis and ketosis indicators on the day of calving. Crossbred cows do not have an increased risk of dystocia in relation to pure Holstein cows when mated with pure Holstein bulls / O cruzamento com a raça Jersey vem sendo utilizado principalmente como alternativa para o aumento da concentração de sólidos do leite em rebanhos da raça Holandesa, sendo a capacidade de produção destes animais fruto de diversos estudos. Entretanto, ainda existem limitadas informações sobre diversos fatores relevantes para a tomada de decisão e para o manejo de rebanhos cruzados, tais como resistência a doenças e facilidade de parto, sendo esta a motivação do presente trabalho, o qual objetivou avaliar a sanidade, imunidade e dificuldade de parto de vacas mestiças Holandês x Jersey em relação a vacas puras da raça Holandesa. Os dados foram obtidos de uma propriedade localizada no município de Carambeí PR, a qual possui vacas puras da raça Holandesa e mestiças Holandês x Jersey em diferentes proporções de cada raça. Dados de dificuldade de parto, duração da gestação, retenção de placenta, indicadores sanguíneos para doenças metabólicas pós-parto (cetose e paresia puerperal hipocalcêmica) e de imunidade foram coletados no período de julho de 2010 a junho de 2011 e os dados de Contagem de Células Somáticas (CCS) obtidos do controle leiteiro oficial, no período de 2005 a 2010. Para facilidade de parto adotou-se uma escala de variando de 1 (partos sem auxílio) a 5 (extrema dificuldade, cesariana ou morte) e a retenção de placenta quando transcorridos 24 horas do parto sem desprendimento dos envoltórios fetais. Concentração de &#946;-hidroxibutirato (BHBA) no sangue, como indicador de cetose, cálcio total e iônico no soro sanguíneo, como indicador de paresia puerperal hipocalcêmica, e os indicadores de imunidade Imunoglobulina G (IgG) e proteína total no soro, foram determinados a partir de amostras de sangue coletadas no dia do parto, sendo repetido na nona semana após o parto para BHBA. As variáveis facilidade de parto e retenção de placenta foram avaliadas através de um modelo linear generalizado, com distribuição binomial (regressão logística) As variáveis duração da gestação, BHBA, cálcio total e iônico, IgG e proteína total foram avaliadas através de delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, sendo os dados submetidos à análise de variância. Os dados de CCS foram transformados para Escore de Células Somáticas (ECS) e submetidos à análise de variância através de medidas repetidas no tempo. O grupamento genético não afetou a facilidade de parto (P=0,4376), a retenção de placenta (P=0,7074) e a duração da gestação (P=0,2812). Vacas mestiças apresentaram maiores concentrações de IgG (1,776 contra1,456 mg/dL) e de proteína total (7,019 contra 6,525 mg/dL). Quanto à concentração de BHBA, ocorreu diferença somente no dia do parto, com valores mais altos para as vacas mestiças (0,580 contra 0,427 mmol/L). Observou-se diferença entre grupamentos genéticos para concentração de cálcio iônico (P=0,082), com vacas mestiças apresentando concentração mais baixa (4,3 contra 3,92 mg/dL). Vacas mestiças adultas (a partir de 3 anos de idade no momento do parto), apresentaram menor ECS (P<0,0001). Conclui-se que vacas mestiças apresentam desempenho superior em relação às vacas da raça Holandesa para células somáticas no leite e indicadores de imunidade e inferior para os indicadores de paresia puerperal hipocalcêmica e cetose no dia do parto. Vacas mestiças não apresentam risco maior de distocia em relação às puras quando acasaladas com touros da raça Holandesa

Submitted by biblioteca unifenas (biblioteca@unifenas.br) on 2018-03-05T22:29:58Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Moisés Soares_prot.pdf: 532244 bytes, checksum: ec9e5e02f20bf1dd5a397cdc7723b712 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-03-05T22:29:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Moisés Soares_prot.pdf: 532244 bytes, checksum: ec9e5e02f20bf1dd5a397cdc7723b712 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-04-29 / It aimed to evaluate, the effectiveness of two antibiotics, associated or not to the sodium cloprostenol in treatment of retention of cows’ placenta. The animals have been randomly divided into the following treatments: Treat. 1: cefquinoma (n=25) 1ml/25kg PV (25 mg/ml) – Intramuscular – once a day, during three days; Treat. 2: cefquinoma (n=25) 1ml/25kg PV (25 mg/ml) – Intramuscular – once a day, during three days, plus 2ml of sodium cloprostenol (0,250 mg/ml) in the 1st and 3rd day of treatment (n=25) animals; Treat. 3: oxytetracycline (n=25), 20mg/kg PV of oxytetracycline hydrochloride – Intramuscular – during two days with a gap of 48h; and Treat. 4: oxytetracycline associated to the sodium cloprostenol (n=25), 20 mg/kg PV of oxytetracycline hydrochloride – Intramuscular – during two days with a gap of 48h, plus 2ml of sodium cloprostenol (0,250 mg/ml). In the 1st and 3rd day of treatment. After the treatments, the animals have been evaluated relating to the increase of temperature (over 39,0 ºC) and the need of supportive care through the 1st week after the birth. The animals were re-evaluated between the 3rd and 5th postpartum weeks, by the rectal palpation, ultrasonography and vaginoscopy, to measure the presence and level of the uterine infection. It has evaluated the rate of conception at the 1st insemination, the number of pregnant animals on the 60, 90, 120 and 180 postpartum days, the average number of labors/conceptions and labor periods. The experiments were organized in DIC. The variables were submitted to a normality test and the averages were compared by Chi-square or Tuckey’s tests. The treatments with cefquinoma associated or not to the sodium cloprostenol presented better results (P<0,05) relating to the increase of temperature. The need of additional treatments and presence of uterine infection were bigger in the animals that received only oxytetracycline (P<0,05). For the same antibiotic, the association with cloprostenol has not interfered into these variables (P>0,05). There was not effect of treatments in the % of pregnant animals in the 1st IA and into the numbers of births by conception (P>0,05). The animals treated only with oxytetracycline presented worst period of births (P<0,05). It concludes that the treatment with cefquinoma is more efficient. The oxytetracycline applied alone, not associated to the cloprostenol gives the worst results. / Objetivou-se avaliar a eficácia de dois antibióticos, associados ou não ao cloprostenol sódico, no tratamento de retenção da placenta de vacas. Os animais foram aleatoriamente divididos nos seguintes tratamentos: Tratamento 1: cefquinoma (n=25) 1ml/25kg PV (25 mg/ML) – Intramuscular – 1x dia, durante 3 dias. Tratamento 2: cefquinoma 1ml/25kg PV (25 mg/ML) – Intramuscular – 1x dia, durante 3 dias, acrescido de 2ml de cloprostenol sódico (0,250 mg/ML). No 1º e 3º dias de tratamento (n=25) animais. Tratamento 3: oxitetraciclina (n=25), 20 mg/kg PV de cloridrato de oxitretraciclina – Intramuscular – durante dois dias com intervalo de 48h. Tratamento 4: oxitetraciclina associada ao cloprostenol sódico (n=25), 20 mg/kg PV de cloridrato de oxitretraciclina – Intramuscular – durante dois dias com intervalo de 48h, acrescido de 2ml de cloprostenol sódico (0,250 mg/ML). No 1º e 3º dias de tratamento. Após os tratamentos, os animais foram avaliados em relação ao aumento de temperatura (acima de 39,0 ºC) e a necessidade de tratamento de suporte dentro da 1a semana após o parto. Os animais foram reavaliados entre a 3ª e 5ª semanas pós-parto por meio de palpação transretal, ultrassonografia e vaginoscopia para avaliar a presença e grau da infecção uterina. Avaliou-se a taxa de concepção à 1ª inseminação, o número de animais gestantes aos 60, 90, 120 e 180 dias pós-parto, o número médio de serviços/concepções e período de serviços. Os experimentos foram organizados em DIC. As variáveis foram submetidas a teste de normalidade e as médias foram comparadas por Qui-Quadrado ou testes de Tuckey. Os tratamentos com cefquinoma, associada ou não ao cloprostenol sódico, apresentaram melhores resultados (P<0,05) em relação ao aumento de temperatura. A necessidade de tratamentos adicionais e presença de infecção uterina foram maiores nos animais que receberam apenas oxitetraciclina (P<0,05). Para um mesmo antibiótico a associação com o cloprostenol não interferiu nestas variáveis (P>0,05). Não houve efeito de tratamento na porcentagem de animais gestantes na 1ª IA e no número de serviços por concepção (P>0,05). Os animais tratados apenas com oxitetraciclina apresentaram pior período de serviços (P<0,05). Conclui-se que o tratamento com cefquinoma é mais eficiente. A oxitetraciclina, aplicada sozinha, não associada ao cloprostenol, fornece os piores resultados.

Zusammenfassung Katja Schwartau Peripartale hämatologische und klinisch-chemische Blutuntersuchungen zur Frühdiagnostik der Dislocatio abomasi, Gebärparese, Retentio secundinarum und Mastitis bei Milchkühen Medizinische Tierklinik der Veterinärmedizinischen Fakultät der Universität Leipzig Eingereicht im Mai 2011 Bibliographische Angaben 94 Seiten, 22 Abbildungen, 19 Tabellen, 210 Literaturangaben, Schlüsselwörter: Labmagenverlagerung, Gebärparese, Retentio secundinarum, Mastitis, Kuh Produktionskrankheiten haben in den letzten Jahren immer mehr an Bedeutung gewonnen. Diese leistungsassoziierten Bestandserkrankungen tragen wesentlich zur kurzen Nutzungsdauer von ca. 2,5 Jahren der Milchkühe bei. Es ist deshalb besonders wichtig, ihre Prophylaxe einschließlich der Früherkennung in den Vordergrund zu stellen. In der vorliegenden Untersuchung wurden deshalb frühdiagnostische Möglichkeiten der LMV (Labmagenverlagerung), GP (Gebärparese), Retentio sec. (Retentio secundinarum) und Mastitis geprüft. Des Weiteren wurden die Kühe in einer Gruppe „krank“ und einer Gruppe „gesund“ gegenübergestellt, um durch Stoffwechselabweichungen generell subklinische Veränderungen zu erkennen, die Hinweise auf bevorstehende Erkrankungen geben. Besondere Beachtung fand für die Bewertung des Erkrankungsrisikos die odds ratio. In die Untersuchung wurden insgesamt 398 Schwarzbunte Kühe einbezogen. 49 Tiere waren an einer LMV, 121 Tiere an einer GP, 131 an einer Retentio sec. und 119 Tiere an einer Mastitis erkrankt. Im Gruppenvergleich gesund/krank wurden 347 erkrankte Kühe mit 51 klinisch gesunden Tieren verglichen. Es wurden bei allen Kühen 14-7 d a.p. (Tage ante partum) und 3 d p.p. (Tage post partum) Blutproben entnommen. Es wurden Parameter des Energie-, Fett- und Leberstoffwechsels (FFS [Freie Fettsäuren], BHB [ß-0H-Butyrat], Cholesterol, Glucose, Insulin, AST [Aspartat-Amino-Transferase], Bilirubin), des Eiweißstoffwechsels (Albumin, Haptoglobin, TP [Gesamt-Eiweiß], Harnstoff, Kreatinin) und der Leukozyten sowie des Mineralstoffwechsels (Na [Natrium], K [Kalium], Cl [Chlorid], Ca [Calcium], Pi [anorganisches Phosphat], AP [Alkalische Phosphatase]) und der CK [Creatinkinase] bestimmt und mit gesunden Kühen verglichen. 92 Auf das Risiko einer LMV weisen a.p. besonders Konzentrationssteigerungen des Haptoglobins hin. Aber auch die Mediane der Glucose und der AP liegen außerhalb des Referenzbereichs bei Tieren, die später an einer LMV erkranken. Drei d p.p. kommen signifikante Konzentrationsanstiege der FFS, des BHB und des Bilirubin sowie signifikante Konzentrationsabnahmen des Insulin (odds ratio 8,43) bis unter den Normbereich hinzu. Die Aktivitäten der AP und auch die Konzentrationen von Cholesterol und Ca bleiben ebenfalls unter dem Normbereich. Die Mediane der AST-Aktivität und der Haptoglobinkonzentration liegen oberhalb des Referenzbereichs. Auf das Risiko einer GP weisen a.p. und p.p die verminderte AP-Aktivität sowie Konzentrationsanstiege der FFS (odds ratio 1,78) hin. Drei d p.p ergänzen die Konzentrationen des BHB, des Bilirubins und des Haptoglobins (odds ratio 4,59) oberhalb der Referenzbereiche die Veränderungen. Der Median der Insulinkonzentration liegt 3 d p.p. unter dem Referenzbereich. Einer Retentio sec. gehen erhöhte Glucosekonzentrationen a.p. voraus. Der Median der AP-Aktivitäten liegt schon a.p. unter dem Normbereich. Drei d p.p. unterscheidet er sich signifikant von Kühen ohne Retentio sec. Hinweise auf Mastitiden liefern p.p. die Konzentrationen des BHB (odds ratio 1,78). Die Mediane der Glucosekonzentrationen liegen a.p. oberhalb und die der AP-Aktivitäten unterhalb der Referenzbereiche. Drei d p.p. kommen Steigerungen der Haptoglobin-, Glucose- und Bilirubinkonzentrationen sowie Aktivitätssteigerungen der AST bis über den Normbereich hinzu. Als Besonderheit liegen die Ca- und Pi-Konzentrationen aufgrund des geringeren Abflusses bei einer verminderten Milchleistung signifikant über denen der gesunden Kühe. Für die Entstehung postpartaler Erkrankungen generell verdienen die signifikanten Konzentrationssteigerungen der Glucose sowie die Abnahme der AP-Aktivität besondere Beachtung. Das BHB (odds ratio 1,92 a.p.) und die CK (odds ratio 2,17 a.p.) weisen auf ein erhöhtes Krankheitsrisiko hin. Drei d p.p. kommen zu den Veränderungen dieser Parameter noch signifikante Konzentrations- bzw. Aktivitätssteigerungen der FFS, des BHB, der CK, des Bilirubins, der AST und des Haptoglobins (odds ratio 4,61) sowie erniedrigte Ca-Konzentrationen hinzu. Die Untersuchungen haben gezeigt, dass a.p. generell Abweichungen des Energiestoffwechsels und im Besonderen gesteigerte Glucosekonzentrationen sowie erniedrigte AP-Aktivitäten ein erhöhtes Risiko für postpartale Erkrankungen anzeigen. Höhere Aussagekraft besitzen Kontrollen am 3. d p.p. mit den Parametern Insulin (odds ratio 8,4), FFS, BHB und Haptoglobin (odds ratio 4,61), deren Konzentrationen gegenüber gesunden Kühen signifikant abweichen. Ähnlich gute Eignung zeigen, Bilirubin, AST und Ca.