The purpose of this study is to provide a measurement of selected parental attitudes and an evaluation of the effectiveness of Parent Groups as instruments for promoting attitude changes in a positive direction.

Research has shown that when individuals are in situations that do not occasion one form of motoric responding, they will engage in another so that the overall level of motoric responding is homeostatic. The purpose of this study was to test whether students would substitute task-related behaviors for stereotypic or other challenging behaviors when the opportunity for active responding did or did not match the level of motoric responding in a free-operant baseline. Four students with mental retardation participated. Results showed that they did substitute behaviors, with stereotypic and other challenging behaviors occurring 1.5-14 times as much in the Non-matched condition for the four students. Further analysis showed considerably more of these behaviors in passive than in active tasks (by a factor up to 21 times as much). Results were discussed in terms of homeostasis, functional assessment, and opportunities to improve educational behaviors.

The purpose of this article was to review the literature about families of adult children with developmental disabilities, the impact of culture on access to health care services, and community-based health care services for adults with developmental disabilities to answer the following questions: (1) How do parents of adult children with mental retardation and other developmental disabilities describe their caregiving experiences?, (2) What are frequently identified unmet service needs by the parents/families?, (3) Does the family's culture or ethnic background influence how they view their caregiving experiences?, and (4) What are the unique challenges facing families when attempting to access health care services? Currently little information exists about the needs of parents and other family members who live with adults with developmental disabilities. Longitudinal studies and studies to assess the influence of culture on care giving are especially needed. Therapists need to use approaches that will empower children and their families so they can better meet their current challenges and provide a foundation for the skills they will need to meet future challenges as adults.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・論文博士 / 博士(医学) / 乙第13165号 / 論医博第2152号 / 新制||医||1029(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院医学研究科医学専攻 / (主査)教授 篠原 隆司, 教授 宮本 享, 教授 近藤 玄 / 学位規則第4条第2項該当 / Doctor of Medical Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

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