The purpose of the non-experimental quantitative research study was to identify if there is a significant difference between the types of budget model an institution utilizes, institutional size, and student enrollment, retention, and graduation rates. This study was to identify if there is significant difference between institutional size and the type budget model utilized. Member institutions of the American Association of State Colleges and Universities (AASCU) were selected to participate in this study due to their similarities of mission and admissions policy. AASCU institutions share a common mission that focuses on access, innovation, regional support, and inclusion. AASCU institutions are all public regional institutions. Larger institutions within the study presented significantly higher retention and graduation rates compared to medium size institutions. I used the Carnegie classification of size as institutions that have enrollments less than 3,000 as small, institutions that have enrollments less than 10,000 as medium, and institutions with enrollments greater than 10,000 as large. I study found no significant difference in the types of budget model utilized and the student outcomes related to enrollment, retention, or graduation rates. I did indicate that institutions that utilized a more decentralized budgeting approach had higher enrollment percentages and higher retention and graduation rates than institutions that utilized a centralized budget model. I also did not identify any significant difference in the size of an institution and the type of budget model utilized.

The present study was undertaken to evaluate the filtration efficiency of the bath sponge Spongia ceylonensis (Spongiidae) and fire sponge Tedania klausi (Tedaniidae) collected from Penghu. In the feeding experiements, live and algal powder of Tetraselmis chui (8-16£gm), Chaetoceros muelleri (6-9£gm), Isochrysis galbana (3-7£gm) and Nannochloropsis oculata (2-5£gm) were used to determine the clearance rate of sponges. Sponges S. ceylonensis and T. klausi showed selective feeding under various algal species, concentrations and conditions (live algae or powders). After 90 minutes, the clearance rate of T. klausi fed on N. oculata powder was 71 ml h-1 gDW-1 at algal concentration of 107 cells ml-1, but S. ceylonensis didn¡¦t feed at the same concentration. At 106 cells ml-1 concentrations, the clearance rate of S. ceylonensis fed on live I. galbana was 538 ml h-1 gDW-1 which was higher than T. klausi, i.e. 11 ml h-1 gDW-1. At 105 cells ml-1 concentrations, the clearance rate of T. klausi fed on live T. chui was 431 ml h-1 gDW-1 which was higher than S. ceylonensis, i.e. 23 ml h-1 gDW-1. At 104 cells ml-1 concentrations, S. ceylonensis fed on live T. chui with clearance rate 532 ml h-1 gDW-1, and T. klausi was 315 ml h-1 gDW-1. The results showed differential clearance rates of sponges depend on sponge species, algal species, concentrations and conditions (live or powder). In gerneral, sponge clearance rate is higher when feeds on live algae than algal powders. Although the filtration efficiency of algal powders is low, the advantage of low cost and high accessibility still make algal powder highly competitive in sponge aquaculture industry.

Master of Science / Department of Biology / Brett K. Sandercock / The native grasslands of North America are highly fragmented, and remaining tracts are intensively managed for grazing. Loss of tallgrass prairie and changing land management practices has caused many grassland birds that rely on these areas for breeding to decline in population numbers. To investigate resource selection and area use requirements of the upland sandpiper, we outfitted birds with radio transmitters at the experimentally managed Konza Prairie Biological Station in northeast Kansas. Two logistical challenges for wildlife telemetry projects are: minimizing the impact of radios on survival and movement, and optimizing the duration of transmitter attachment. We compared 4 methods of radio attachment for upland sandpipers under field conditions at breeding sites in tallgrass prairie. The daily probabilities of radio retention (DRR) for our 4 attachment methods were: 0.9992 (SE = 0.0005, n = 85) for a leg loop harness, 0.9801 (SE = 0.0099, n = 11) for radios glued to clipped feathers, 0.9627 (SE = 0.0085, n = 25) for radios glued directly to feathers and 0.8538 (SE = 0.0322, n = 20) for radios glued to plucked skin. The expected duration of radio attachment ranged from 1290 days for the leg loop harness, and 6 to 50 days for the glue attachment techniques. Survival rates of males (DSR = 0.9987, SE = 0.0009, n = 53) and females (DSR = 0.9988, SE = 0.0008, n = 71) were similar, and the probability of surviving the 90-day breeding season was about 0.90 in both sexes. We recommend attaching radios with glue to clipped feathers for short-term telemetry studies and a leg loop harness if longer retention is desired. The unique landscape of Konza Prairie allowed us to investigate specific tallgrass management strategies, and their impact on the range and habitat requirements of a bird that relies on the prairie for breeding. We found that upland sandpipers have large home ranges during the breeding season (male: = 199.0 ha ± 40.5 SE, n = 21, female: = 247.7 ha ± 51.7 SE, n = 23). Male home ranges were twice as large during brood-rearing ( = 200.8 ha ± 69.1 SE, n = 9) than during the nesting period ( = 67.02 ha ± 11.84 SE, n = 14, 1 = 5.14, P = 0.023). Upland sandpipers selected home range sites that had been burned the same spring (n = 44, ²3 = 31.65, P < 0.001), but did not show preference for certain habitat types within their home range ( ²3 = 1.49, P = 0.685). During brood rearing upland sandpipers used sites with higher percentages of bare ground, herbaceous and short woody vegetation, and low amounts of vegetative litter. Management strategies for the upland sandpiper should seek to preserve large contiguous tracts of tallgrass prairie that receive a heterogeneous mix of burning and grazing.

Online mathematics courses at Somerset Community College (SCC) have traditionally had a lower retention rate than their in-person counterparts. This study looked at online and in-person students at SCC in the courses Intermediate Algebra and College Algebra. Beginning of semester student demographics were considered to determine whether or not the online and in-person student populations were comparable. End of semester student demographics, retention rates, and grades on the final exams were examined to determine whether or not there were patterns among completer students. Finally, a survey was administered to students and instructors to determine their perceptions of several factors thought to influence student success and to determine areas of agreement and disagreement among these factors. Follow-up telephone interviews were given to instructors and students in order to identify areas that were not covered in the survey. The results indicated that although online courses tended to attract older students, the online and in-person student groups were similar in terms of make-up. This was true both at the beginning and at the end of the semester. The in-person sections showed better results, both in terms of retention and grades on the final exams. The survey results were analyzed using Rasch analysis. This showed differences between students and instructors, most importantly in the areas of student self-efficacy behaviors and communication between instructor and student. These differences between students and instructors were generally exacerbated in the online sections indicating that these areas might have had an impact on the lower retention and grades of the online sections.

當今中國大陸移動遊戲產業競爭激烈，資本投入巨大，顧客維繫率低。導致遊戲研發商在遊戲開發資源配置上面臨困擾。本文根據遊戲分析理論，從遊戲產品的各個屬性滿意度對玩家長期體驗遊戲意願的影響重要程度進行量化分析和質性研究。結論是，對於全體玩家而言，提高玩家的長期體驗意願的最關鍵因素是遊戲的戰鬥設計部分是否獲得顧客很高的滿意度。 / The Chinese mobile game industry is highly competitive, features large capital investment, and low customer retention rate. Game developers are facing various problems regarding the deployment of capital investment in game developing activities. This article conducts quantitative and quantitative research on the influence of each product attribute on increasing the retention intention based on theory of games. We conclude that the element of battle design is the key factor raising customer retention intention when playing games.

Since 1993 when the first lottery ticket was sold in Georgia, over 1.4 million students have received over $5.4 billion in grants and scholarships (more than any other merit-based program in the country) to attend colleges in Georgia through the Helping Outstanding Pupils Educationally (HOPE) Scholarship program. Students who graduate from high school with a B average in a college preparatory curriculum can receive tuition, HOPE approved fees, and a book allowance of up to $300 per year at public colleges in Georgia. The purpose of this study was to determine if there was an identifiable profile of the academically successful associate degree seeking HOPE Scholarship recipient at a 2-year college within the university system of Georgia. For the purposes of this study, academic success was defined as persistence towards graduation and retention of the HOPE Scholarship. Variables analyzed include high school grade point average, high school attended, composite SAT score, major, ethnicity, gender, other grant aid received, student loans received, and credit hours earned at credit hour checkpoints. Using the variables listed above, 2 research questions were posed. Is there a predictive model of a HOPE Scholarship recipient who is likely to retain the HOPE Scholarship, and is there a predictive model of a HOPE Scholarship recipient who is likely to earn a degree? These questions were analyzed using the population of first-time, associate degree seeking students at a 2-year college in 1998. The results of the analysis showed that while composite SAT scores, high school grade point averages, and GPAs at 60 attempted hours partially explained the success of HOPE Scholars, a clear model was not established that would identify students upon entry to college, or even partially through their academic careers, who were going to retain the HOPE Scholarship and earn a degree. The findings of this limited study support the theories that there are other factors such as student engagement that are less easily quantified that play a significant role in student persistence.

O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a associação do desenvolvimento de peso corporal da 1º inseminação até o 1º desmame com o desempenho reprodutivo, produção de leitões e taxa de descartes até o 3º parto, em 196 primíparas Landrace x Large White, usando modelos de regressão logística. O peso corporal (PC) foi medido na inseminação artificial (IA), 24h após o 1º parto e no dia do desmame. Na 1º IA, primeiro parto e desmame o PC foram em média 140.4 kg, 170.8 kg e 163.7 kg, respectivamente. O intervalo desmame-estro (IDE), o número de leitões nascidos totais no primeiro, segundo e após três partos, e a taxa de descarte até terceiro parto foram, em média 5.7 dias, 12.5, 11.8 e 36.7 leitões nascidos, e 10.2%, respectivamente. O aumento de 10 kg no ganho de peso na primeira prenhes (OR = 0.63), no peso ao 1º parto (OR = 0.63), peso ao 1º desmame (OR = 0.69) e ganho de peso entre a 1º IA e o 1º desmame (OR = 0,67) diminuiu a percentagem de primíparas com longo IDE. Os aumentos da duração da lactação e do número de leitões desmamados foram responsáveis pela, respectivamente, diminuição (OR = 0.79 por dia de lactação) e aumento (OR = 1.45 por leitão desmamado) do percentual de fêmeas com IDE longo. Primíparas com PC <159.5 kg a desmama apresentaram maior taxa de não-parto (TNP) em comparação com porcas com PC >170 kg (OR = 4.73). Porcas com <17.5 kg de ganho entre a 1º IA e o 1º desmame tiveram maior chance (OR = 4,88) de TNP do que fêmeas > 30 kg. Cada dia adicional de lactação diminuiu a TNP (OR = 0.77). As fêmeas com PC <139 kg na 1º IA apresentaram maior porcentagem de leitegadas pequenas no segundo parto (NT2P, OR = 2.00) e após três parições (OR = 3.28) em comparação com aquelas pesando ≥139 kg. Porcas com ganho de peso <25 kg durante a primeira prenhes apresentaram maior chance de NT2P (OR = 3.01), em comparação com porcas ganhando acima de 35 kg. A cada 10 kg de aumento no peso ao primeiro desmame e no ganho de peso entre a 1º IA e o 1º desmame (OR = 0.71 e 0.73, respectivamente) diminuiu a taxa de descarte total, e por razões reprodutivas (OR = 0.57 e 0.61, respectivamente). A taxa de descarte até o 3º parto aumentou em porcas com menores leitegadas a primeira parição. Os resultados mostram que atingir um peso mínimo à 1º IA é importante, mas também deve ser considerado o ganho de peso corporal adequado até o primeiro desmame para melhor desempenho reprodutivo, produtividade, e retenção de matrizes no rebanho. / The aim of this study was to verify the association of sow body weight development until 1st weaning with the reproductive performance, piglet production and culling rate until 3rd farrowing in 196 Landrace x Large White primiparous sows using logistic regression models. Body weight (BW) was measured at artificial insemination (AI), 24h after farrowing and on the weaning day. At 1st AI, 1st farrowing and 1st weaning the BW was on average 140.4 kg, 170.8 kg and 163.7 kg, respectively. The weaning-to-estrus interval (WEI), the number of piglets born at 1st, 2nd and over three parities, and culling rate until 3rd farrowing were on average 5.7 days, 12.5, 11.8 and 36.7 piglets born, and 10.2%, respectively. Each 10kg increase in weight gain in 1st pregnancy (OR= 0.63), weight at 1st farrowing (OR= 0.63), weight at 1st weaning (OR= 0.69) or weight gain from 1st AI to 1st weaning (OR= 0.67) decreased the percentage of primiparous sows with long WEI. Increasing lactation length and increasing the number of weaned piglets were responsible for respectively decreasing (OR=0.79 per day of lactation) and increasing (OR= 1.45 per piglet weaned) the percentage of sows with long WEI. Sows with <159.5 kg at weaning had higher non-farrowing rate (NFR) compared to sows with >170 kg (OR = 4.73). Sows with <17.5 kg of gain from 1st AI to 1st weaning had higher odds (OR= 4.88) of NFR than sows gaining >30 kg. Each additional lactation day decreased the NFR (OR = 0.77). Females weighing < 139 kg at 1st AI had higher percentages of small number of total born in second parity (STB2, OR= 2.00) and over three parities (OR = 3.28) compared to those weighing ≥139 kg. Sows with weight gain at 1st pregnancy <25 kg had higher odds of STB2 (OR= 3.01) compared to sows gaining >35 kg. Each 10 kg of increase in weight at 1st weaning or in weight gain from 1st AI to 1st weaning decreased the total culling rate (OR= 0.71 and 0.73, respectively) and culling by reproductive reasons (OR= 0.57 and 0.61, respectively). Culling rate until 3rd farrowing was also increased in sows with smaller first litter size. The results show that not only to reach a minimum weight at 1st AI but also to have an adequate body weight gain until 1st weaning is important for the reproductive performance, productivity and retention of sows in the herd.

O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a associação do desenvolvimento de peso corporal da 1º inseminação até o 1º desmame com o desempenho reprodutivo, produção de leitões e taxa de descartes até o 3º parto, em 196 primíparas Landrace x Large White, usando modelos de regressão logística. O peso corporal (PC) foi medido na inseminação artificial (IA), 24h após o 1º parto e no dia do desmame. Na 1º IA, primeiro parto e desmame o PC foram em média 140.4 kg, 170.8 kg e 163.7 kg, respectivamente. O intervalo desmame-estro (IDE), o número de leitões nascidos totais no primeiro, segundo e após três partos, e a taxa de descarte até terceiro parto foram, em média 5.7 dias, 12.5, 11.8 e 36.7 leitões nascidos, e 10.2%, respectivamente. O aumento de 10 kg no ganho de peso na primeira prenhes (OR = 0.63), no peso ao 1º parto (OR = 0.63), peso ao 1º desmame (OR = 0.69) e ganho de peso entre a 1º IA e o 1º desmame (OR = 0,67) diminuiu a percentagem de primíparas com longo IDE. Os aumentos da duração da lactação e do número de leitões desmamados foram responsáveis pela, respectivamente, diminuição (OR = 0.79 por dia de lactação) e aumento (OR = 1.45 por leitão desmamado) do percentual de fêmeas com IDE longo. Primíparas com PC <159.5 kg a desmama apresentaram maior taxa de não-parto (TNP) em comparação com porcas com PC >170 kg (OR = 4.73). Porcas com <17.5 kg de ganho entre a 1º IA e o 1º desmame tiveram maior chance (OR = 4,88) de TNP do que fêmeas > 30 kg. Cada dia adicional de lactação diminuiu a TNP (OR = 0.77). As fêmeas com PC <139 kg na 1º IA apresentaram maior porcentagem de leitegadas pequenas no segundo parto (NT2P, OR = 2.00) e após três parições (OR = 3.28) em comparação com aquelas pesando ≥139 kg. Porcas com ganho de peso <25 kg durante a primeira prenhes apresentaram maior chance de NT2P (OR = 3.01), em comparação com porcas ganhando acima de 35 kg. A cada 10 kg de aumento no peso ao primeiro desmame e no ganho de peso entre a 1º IA e o 1º desmame (OR = 0.71 e 0.73, respectivamente) diminuiu a taxa de descarte total, e por razões reprodutivas (OR = 0.57 e 0.61, respectivamente). A taxa de descarte até o 3º parto aumentou em porcas com menores leitegadas a primeira parição. Os resultados mostram que atingir um peso mínimo à 1º IA é importante, mas também deve ser considerado o ganho de peso corporal adequado até o primeiro desmame para melhor desempenho reprodutivo, produtividade, e retenção de matrizes no rebanho. / The aim of this study was to verify the association of sow body weight development until 1st weaning with the reproductive performance, piglet production and culling rate until 3rd farrowing in 196 Landrace x Large White primiparous sows using logistic regression models. Body weight (BW) was measured at artificial insemination (AI), 24h after farrowing and on the weaning day. At 1st AI, 1st farrowing and 1st weaning the BW was on average 140.4 kg, 170.8 kg and 163.7 kg, respectively. The weaning-to-estrus interval (WEI), the number of piglets born at 1st, 2nd and over three parities, and culling rate until 3rd farrowing were on average 5.7 days, 12.5, 11.8 and 36.7 piglets born, and 10.2%, respectively. Each 10kg increase in weight gain in 1st pregnancy (OR= 0.63), weight at 1st farrowing (OR= 0.63), weight at 1st weaning (OR= 0.69) or weight gain from 1st AI to 1st weaning (OR= 0.67) decreased the percentage of primiparous sows with long WEI. Increasing lactation length and increasing the number of weaned piglets were responsible for respectively decreasing (OR=0.79 per day of lactation) and increasing (OR= 1.45 per piglet weaned) the percentage of sows with long WEI. Sows with <159.5 kg at weaning had higher non-farrowing rate (NFR) compared to sows with >170 kg (OR = 4.73). Sows with <17.5 kg of gain from 1st AI to 1st weaning had higher odds (OR= 4.88) of NFR than sows gaining >30 kg. Each additional lactation day decreased the NFR (OR = 0.77). Females weighing < 139 kg at 1st AI had higher percentages of small number of total born in second parity (STB2, OR= 2.00) and over three parities (OR = 3.28) compared to those weighing ≥139 kg. Sows with weight gain at 1st pregnancy <25 kg had higher odds of STB2 (OR= 3.01) compared to sows gaining >35 kg. Each 10 kg of increase in weight at 1st weaning or in weight gain from 1st AI to 1st weaning decreased the total culling rate (OR= 0.71 and 0.73, respectively) and culling by reproductive reasons (OR= 0.57 and 0.61, respectively). Culling rate until 3rd farrowing was also increased in sows with smaller first litter size. The results show that not only to reach a minimum weight at 1st AI but also to have an adequate body weight gain until 1st weaning is important for the reproductive performance, productivity and retention of sows in the herd.

O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a associação do desenvolvimento de peso corporal da 1º inseminação até o 1º desmame com o desempenho reprodutivo, produção de leitões e taxa de descartes até o 3º parto, em 196 primíparas Landrace x Large White, usando modelos de regressão logística. O peso corporal (PC) foi medido na inseminação artificial (IA), 24h após o 1º parto e no dia do desmame. Na 1º IA, primeiro parto e desmame o PC foram em média 140.4 kg, 170.8 kg e 163.7 kg, respectivamente. O intervalo desmame-estro (IDE), o número de leitões nascidos totais no primeiro, segundo e após três partos, e a taxa de descarte até terceiro parto foram, em média 5.7 dias, 12.5, 11.8 e 36.7 leitões nascidos, e 10.2%, respectivamente. O aumento de 10 kg no ganho de peso na primeira prenhes (OR = 0.63), no peso ao 1º parto (OR = 0.63), peso ao 1º desmame (OR = 0.69) e ganho de peso entre a 1º IA e o 1º desmame (OR = 0,67) diminuiu a percentagem de primíparas com longo IDE. Os aumentos da duração da lactação e do número de leitões desmamados foram responsáveis pela, respectivamente, diminuição (OR = 0.79 por dia de lactação) e aumento (OR = 1.45 por leitão desmamado) do percentual de fêmeas com IDE longo. Primíparas com PC <159.5 kg a desmama apresentaram maior taxa de não-parto (TNP) em comparação com porcas com PC >170 kg (OR = 4.73). Porcas com <17.5 kg de ganho entre a 1º IA e o 1º desmame tiveram maior chance (OR = 4,88) de TNP do que fêmeas > 30 kg. Cada dia adicional de lactação diminuiu a TNP (OR = 0.77). As fêmeas com PC <139 kg na 1º IA apresentaram maior porcentagem de leitegadas pequenas no segundo parto (NT2P, OR = 2.00) e após três parições (OR = 3.28) em comparação com aquelas pesando ≥139 kg. Porcas com ganho de peso <25 kg durante a primeira prenhes apresentaram maior chance de NT2P (OR = 3.01), em comparação com porcas ganhando acima de 35 kg. A cada 10 kg de aumento no peso ao primeiro desmame e no ganho de peso entre a 1º IA e o 1º desmame (OR = 0.71 e 0.73, respectivamente) diminuiu a taxa de descarte total, e por razões reprodutivas (OR = 0.57 e 0.61, respectivamente). A taxa de descarte até o 3º parto aumentou em porcas com menores leitegadas a primeira parição. Os resultados mostram que atingir um peso mínimo à 1º IA é importante, mas também deve ser considerado o ganho de peso corporal adequado até o primeiro desmame para melhor desempenho reprodutivo, produtividade, e retenção de matrizes no rebanho. / The aim of this study was to verify the association of sow body weight development until 1st weaning with the reproductive performance, piglet production and culling rate until 3rd farrowing in 196 Landrace x Large White primiparous sows using logistic regression models. Body weight (BW) was measured at artificial insemination (AI), 24h after farrowing and on the weaning day. At 1st AI, 1st farrowing and 1st weaning the BW was on average 140.4 kg, 170.8 kg and 163.7 kg, respectively. The weaning-to-estrus interval (WEI), the number of piglets born at 1st, 2nd and over three parities, and culling rate until 3rd farrowing were on average 5.7 days, 12.5, 11.8 and 36.7 piglets born, and 10.2%, respectively. Each 10kg increase in weight gain in 1st pregnancy (OR= 0.63), weight at 1st farrowing (OR= 0.63), weight at 1st weaning (OR= 0.69) or weight gain from 1st AI to 1st weaning (OR= 0.67) decreased the percentage of primiparous sows with long WEI. Increasing lactation length and increasing the number of weaned piglets were responsible for respectively decreasing (OR=0.79 per day of lactation) and increasing (OR= 1.45 per piglet weaned) the percentage of sows with long WEI. Sows with <159.5 kg at weaning had higher non-farrowing rate (NFR) compared to sows with >170 kg (OR = 4.73). Sows with <17.5 kg of gain from 1st AI to 1st weaning had higher odds (OR= 4.88) of NFR than sows gaining >30 kg. Each additional lactation day decreased the NFR (OR = 0.77). Females weighing < 139 kg at 1st AI had higher percentages of small number of total born in second parity (STB2, OR= 2.00) and over three parities (OR = 3.28) compared to those weighing ≥139 kg. Sows with weight gain at 1st pregnancy <25 kg had higher odds of STB2 (OR= 3.01) compared to sows gaining >35 kg. Each 10 kg of increase in weight at 1st weaning or in weight gain from 1st AI to 1st weaning decreased the total culling rate (OR= 0.71 and 0.73, respectively) and culling by reproductive reasons (OR= 0.57 and 0.61, respectively). Culling rate until 3rd farrowing was also increased in sows with smaller first litter size. The results show that not only to reach a minimum weight at 1st AI but also to have an adequate body weight gain until 1st weaning is important for the reproductive performance, productivity and retention of sows in the herd.

A critical aspect for organizational performance is recruiting “the right” people. Great talent serves as a foundation for great companies and a strong pool of candidates is a prerequisite for success. It is furthermore necessary to have an effective recruitment process in order to attract high quality candidates. Slow-paced recruiting processes may serve as a bottleneck to growth meanwhile an effective recruitment process within an organization speaks volumes about the company. It is a direct reflection of the professionalism and validity of the business while leaving its mark on both current and prospective employees. Referral-based recruiting is often referred to as the “holy grail” of recruiting strategies and is an industry term for when a someone, such as a current employee, supplies a candidate from their own network to the recruiter. The strategy capitalizes on the social and professional networks of people in order to generate candidates and is often combined with rewards to incentivize recommendations. Many claims that the recruitment method yields advantages such as increased candidate quality, retention rate and reduced time to hire etc. However, often, these claims are not peer reviewed and lack the empirical evidence to support these claims. This research aims to contribute with knowledge to what role referral-based recruiting plays within Stockholm and to learn more about how the social processes and human elements affects the outcome. Furthermore, how the recruitment method impacts the assessed quality of the candidate pool and recruitment process. A total of six managers active within recruiting in Stockholm has been interviewed for this research. The managers were each asked to describe and evaluate the hiring of five candidates and their respective recruitment process. The empirical results were analyzed in combination to the theoretical framework. Through the analysis, the conclusion was drawn that referral-based recruiting in fact appears to offer unique advantages in comparison to traditional recruiting strategies, such as job-adverts, headhunting and hiring the services of recruitment firms.