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Passagenhuset, a historical building marked green by Stockholm City Museum, is under threat. In the 2017 proposal by Pembroke, it is to be demolished and replaced with a 14-storey tall glazing building. The protest against this proposal paused the demolition of Passagenhuset. There has been a renowned aggressive preservation culture in Sweden. The protest for Passagenhuset and Almstriden is merely the epitome of the culture. However, the city of Stockholm is unavoidably being transformed for the function of the next decade, probably in a violent way unfortunately. The contradiction shows the incapability of aggressive preservation, which could be a hinder instead of a solution when it comes to city development.  Therefore, Hasten 21 has become the object of the preservative reuse experiment. In the preliminary structure preservation, a new interior space of the building has to be implemented, in order to make the contemporary function possible within its chassis. And the study of new tensegrity structure opens the opportunity for the adaptive reuse of Hasten 21. / Passagenhuset, en historisk byggnad som är grönmarkerad av Stockholms stadsmuseum, är hotad. Enligt Pembrokes förslag från 2017 ska det rivas och ersättas med en 14 våningar hög glasbyggnad. Protesten mot detta förslag pausade rivningen av Passagenhuset. Det har funnits en erkänt aggressiv bevarandekultur i Sverige. Protesten för Passagenhuset och Almstriden är bara ett uttryck för denna kultur. Stockholms stad håller dock oundvikligen på att omvandlas för det kommande decenniets funktion, troligen på ett våldsamt sätt tyvärr. Motsättningen visar på oförmågan till aggressivt bevarande, vilket kan vara ett hinder i stället för en lösning när det gäller stadsutveckling.  Därför har Hasten 21 blivit föremål för experimentet med konserverande återanvändning. I det preliminära bevarandet av strukturen måste ett nytt interiörutrymme i byggnaden införas för att möjliggöra en modern funktion inom ramen för dess chassi. Och studien av en ny tensegrity-struktur öppnar möjligheten för ett anpassat återanvändande av Hasten 21.

The thesis studies the definition of textile reuse and what this entails for the Swedish households. The objective was to gain an understanding if the definition of textile reuse has reformed, and if so what is the reason for this change. By asking twenty-six informants what their interpretation of the concept textile reuse are, and declare how they reuse textile in their homes, the thesis aims to clarify whether the definition corresponds with the action. The study uses the theory and method of discourse analysis to examine the questionnaire and execute there search. The questionnaire that was used was written by Anneli Palmsköld and used for herstudy of textile reuse. Palmskölds notion was that the definition of textile reuse has been modified. By both adding connecting questions about how the informants define textile reuseand for what reasons they choose to reuse textile, in addition to delimit the age group to younger generations, the thesis aims to complement the study executed by Palmsköld. It also intends to declare underlying reasons for a possible change of the definition of textile reuse. According to the discourse analyses theory the meaning of a word or conception can change over time. This study show that this has partly happened with the concept of textile reuse in relations to modifications and development in society, as well as an increasing consumption and production of textile. Most of the informants use the county collection of source separated recycling and reuse, consequently making the collection of textile waste the prioritised method when practising textile reuse. When asked if mending cloths is one of their alternatives nineteen informants mention that this is an option in the household, as well as creating solutions for possible use. However, these are measures they have taken on in moderations. Nevertheless, this is not always mention when defining the concept of textile reuse.

"Only with the language of the present can we get the past to speak." Sverre Fehn "A poet doesn't produce a different language for each poem. That's not necessary; he uses the same language, he uses even the same words. In music it is always the same instruments most of the time. I think that is the same in Architecture." Mies van der Rohe ' ...within this structure,... the elements 'keep one another in a state of equilibrium in accordance with fixed rules', and ' a language is a system in which the value of any one element depends on the simultaneous coexistence of all the others'." Ferdinand Saussure The connection of one building to another can be seen through a universal architectural language. Buildings are structured through the use of this language. Architecture communicates thoughts and ideas through the elements of building. The architect may show us things very subtly or dramatically using this language. Light, wind, material, color, water, even a wall are only a few of the elements of architectural discourse. Like letters form words and words form sentences, architectural elements are placed in order from which a possible meaning derived. The relationships between elements tell stories of different kinds. Within the structure of the architectural language the elements remain the same; their configuration, however, changes to reveal new and different meanings. Configuration is various; the use of these elements link past to present. Language A. Structure 1. Syntactic 2. Semantic 3. Pragmatic B. Elements 1. Letter 2. Word Architecture A. Structure 1. Syntactic 2. Semantic 3. Pragmatic B. Elements 1. Materials 2. Columns, walls, roof, floor, light, etc. / Master of Architecture

“The flight from neighborhoods, the flight from local communities, into networking, it erodes democracy. It is in the local meetings where civic virtue and democratic discourse are practiced.” Christopher Lash writes this in his book The Revolt of the Elites and the Betrayal of Democracy.  Encounters between people of different backgrounds, experiences, and ideologies are on the verge of extinction in a society where community has been replaced with networking. The neighborhood is just a container for our home, but we go elsewhere to work and socialize. We are to a lesser extent tied to a specific place. With locality as a point of departure, I chose my hometown as the base for my project. Tranås is a small town in southern Sweden with about 15.000 inhabitants. There, anonymity is not an option. Encounters take place. Whether you like it or not, people are united by the mere fact of physical proximity. I wanted to favor locality by making it easier to stay in the local community and enable for more people to settle outside the big cities. My answer to this is a remote working place. An office where you can work remotely full time, or as a complement to your regular workplace. The user group is people in Tranås that usually commutes to other cities, and people that would like to move to Tranås. Through contact with local actors, I got introduced to a building in the very central part of Tranås that I decided to adapt and reuse. The building was originally built as a nursing home during the first half of the 20th century but has now been empty for some years. The size and location of the building opened up new possibilities. In addition to the offices, the building will also house studio space, exhibition space, and a café. With a few interventions and modifications, the building becomes a new meeting place, where the courtyard gets an important role in the public space.

There has been a rapid growth in the data rate carried by cellular services, and this increase along with the emergence of new multimedia applications have motivated the 3rd Generation Partnership (3GPP) Project to launch Long-Term Evolution (LTE) [1]. LTE is the latest standard in the mobile network technology and is designed to meet the ubiquitous demands of next-generation mobile networks. LTE assures significant spectral and energy efficiency gains in both the uplink and down- link with low latency. Multiple access schemes such as Orthogonal Frequency Division Aultiple Access (OFDMA) and Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) which is a modified version of OFDMA have been recently adopted in 3GPP LTE downlink and uplink, respectively [1]. A typical feature of OFDMA is the decomposition of available bandwidth into multiple narrow orthogonal subcarriers. The orthogonality among subcarriers causes minimal intra-cell interference, however, the inter-cell interference (ICI) incurred on a given subcarrier is relatively impulsive and poses a fundamental challenge for the network designers. Moreover, as the number of interferers on a given subcarrier can be relatively limited it may not be accurate to model ICI as a Gaussian random variable by invoking the central limit theorem. The nature of ICI relies on a variety of indeterministic parameters which include frequency reuse factor, channel conditions, scheduling decisions, transmit power, and location of the interferers. This thesis presents a combination of algorithmic and theoretical studies for efficient modeling and management of ICI via radio resource management. In the preliminary phase, we focus on developing and analyzing the performance of several centralized and distributed interference mitigation and rate maximization algorithms. These algorithms relies on optimizing the spectrum allocation and user’s transmission powers to maximize the system capacity. Even though, the developed algorithms possesses low complexity, the simulation run-time may become challenging in the practical scenarios with very large number of users and subcarriers. Motivated by this fact, we then develop several statistical models that can accurately capture the dynamics of interference with distinct applications in the performance analysis of single carrier and multicarrier future wireless networks. The developed models can be customized for (i) various state-of-the-art coordinated and uncoordinated scheduling algorithms; (ii) slow and fast power control mechanisms; (iii) partial and fractional frequency reuse systems; and (iv) various composite fading distributions. The developed framework is useful in evaluating important system performance metrics such as outage probability, ergodic capacity, and average fairness numerically without the need of time consuming Monte-Carlo simulations. The theoretical framework is expected to enhance the planning tools for OFDMA based wireless networks by providing fast estimates of the typical performance metrics. Finally, we investigate and quantify the spectral and energy efficiency of two tier heterogeneous networks (HetNets) by employing power-control based interference mitigation technique. In particular, we analyze the performance of two tier HetNets deployment by deriving the theoretical bounds on the area spectral efficiency and exact analytical expressions for the energy efficiency by considering slow and fast power control mechanisms. The derived expressions are expected to be useful in providing insights for the design of efficient HetNet deployments.

The preservation and reuse of existing buildings has become more and more prevalent as costs rise, sustainability popularizes, and urban areas continue to grow. These are all important issues in the contemporary design world, but what can the building provide after solving these problems that will make it just as long-lasting and useful as the previous program? Historic buildings are filled with the evidence of old building techniques, materiality and textures, and stories of the past, so why not allow the building to serve as not only a container of learning, but as a learning tool itself. The program of this thesis, a middle school for creative writing and literature, allows the decaying Old Engine Company 26 in Washington, DC's Langdon neighborhood to be adaptively reused as part of a comtemporary, imaginative education campus. The project explores the connection and balance between new and old and the combination of stories this creates. Old Engine Company 26 began its story in 1908, but the imposed design has been given a story--the story from the childrens' book, The Phantom Tollbooth. The past and present stories will intertwine with the story the future students create by interacting with, learning from, and influencing the school building. The thesis serves as an example of how an adaptive reuse project can provide unique cultural, educational, and sensory facilities while still fulfilling the sustainability, economic, and planning needs of design. / Master of Architecture

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Water conservation practices are being widely implemented to alleviate sediment and nutrient losses from agricultural land and unsustainable groundwater use for irrigation. Tailwater recovery (TWR) systems are conservation practices being implemented to collect and store runoff to reduce nutrient losses and provide a source of irrigation water. This collection of research is focused on evaluating TWR systems through the following actions: 1) investigate ability to reduce solids and nutrients delivery to downstream systems, 2) compare differences in solid and nutrient concentrations in surface water samples from TWR systems to irrigation water from a TWR systems; 3) determine the potential to irrigate water containing solids and nutrients; 4) quantify a water budget for TWR systems; 5) conduct cost and benefit analyses of TWR systems; and 6) analyze economic cost to reduce solids and nutrients and to retain water. Tailwater recovery systems did not significantly reduce concentrations of solids and nutrients; however, loads of solids, P, and N were significantly reduced by 43%, 32% and 44%, respectively. Mean nutrient loads per hectare available to be recycled onto the landscape were 0.20 kg ha-1 P and 0.86 kg ha-1 N. Water budget analyses show these systems save water for irrigation but were inefficient. Net present value (NPV) and benefit cost ratios were positive and >1 for producers who owned the land, but remained <1 if land was rented. However, beyond improvements to irrigation infrastructure, farms with a TWR system installed lost NPV of $51 to $328 per ha. Mean total cost to reduce solids using TWR systems ranged from $0 to $0.77 per kg, P was $0.61 to $3,315.72 per kg, and N was $0.13 to $396.44 per kg. The mean total cost to save water using TWR systems ranged from $189.73 to $628.23 per ML, compared to a mean cost of groundwater of $13.99 to $36.17 per ML. Mechanistically, TWR systems retain runoff on the agricultural landscape, thereby reducing the amount of sediment and nutrients entering downstream waterbodies and provide an additional source of water for irrigation; however, more cost-effective practices exist for nutrient reduction and providing water for irrigation.