The production of both fresh water and waste streams are progressively increasing over the years due to ongoing population growth coupled with high levels of increase in water consumption. The ongoing growth of human activities, such as industry, recreation, and agriculture, are significantly contributing to the increase in both water demand and severity of degradation of natural water resources. The majority of the industrial wastewaters have a significant impact on the environment; some of which may pose a number of threats to human health and the surrounding environment. Thus, discharge of such waste streams into a surface water and/or groundwater presents a major source of water pollution in many countries. Therefore, these waste streams must be disposed of in an environmentally acceptable manner. The primary concern of the PhD thesis is to seek the most feasible and applicable freezing desalination technologies that are potentially capable to concentrate the dissolved ionic content of the liquid streams, especially for those causing severe pollution problems. Therefore, various forms of melt crystallisation processes, namely; agitated and static crystallisation processes, ice maker machines, a Sulzer falling film crystallisation process, the Sulzer suspension crystallisation process, and the Sulzer static crystallisation process, were experimentally used and investigated. The experimental investigations were carried out on the laboratory bench scale and/or straightforward pilot plant by using aqueous solutions of sodium chloride and/or process brines as feed samples. The study was focused on a number of important parameters influencing the separation performance of the investigated treatment systems. In general, the resulting experimental data for each innovative process were highly encouraging in minimising the volume of the waste stream, and substantially increasing the amount of product water. The obtained product water was ready for immediate use either as drinking water or as a saline water of near brackish water or seawater qualities. Also, relationships between the influences and the separation performance, in terms of salt rejection and water recovery ratios, were explored and determined for the investigated technologies. Based on the experimental results, the Sulzer melt crystallisation processes were scaled up and were combined into a commercial reverse osmosis membrane desalination plant. As a result, three novel treatment option configurations were proposed for minimising the waste stream, whilst increasing the production rate of drinking water and/or preserving a substantial amount of natural water resource from the RO plant's exploitation.

abstract: Scientific workflows allow scientists to easily model and express the entire data processing steps, typically as a directed acyclic graph (DAG). These scientific workflows are made of a collection of tasks that usually take a long time to compute and that produce a considerable amount of intermediate datasets. Because of the nature of scientific exploration, a scientific workflow can be modified and re-run multiple times, or new scientific workflows are created that might make use of past intermediate datasets. Storing intermediate datasets has the potential to save time in computations. Since storage is limited, one main problem that needs a solution is determining which intermediate datasets need to be saved at creation time in order to minimize the computational time of the workflows to be run in the future. This research thesis proposes the design and implementation of Pingo, a system that is capable of managing the computations of scientific workflows as well as the storage, provenance and deletion of intermediate datasets. Pingo uses the history of workflows submitted to the system to predict the most likely datasets to be needed in the future, and subjects the decision of dataset deletion to the optimization of the computational time of future workflows. / Dissertation/Thesis / Masters Thesis Computer Science 2017

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:24:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-09-16Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:51:13Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 pinto_fi_me_bauru.pdf: 4268542 bytes, checksum: bb53d21a5b353b6d566b6bdcc3ce7159 (MD5) / Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) / O presente trabalho tem como objetivo elencar características que definem o jornalismo resultante do reaproveitamento de notícias já publicadas no meio impresso. Por meio da análise qualitativa do discurso, da representação estrutural temática e da teia argumentativa de três edições dos Cadernos Diplô, publicações derivadas do jornal mensal Le Monde Diplomatique, e da trajetória dos paradigmas construtivista (teorias estruturalista e interacionista), do gatekeeper ao newsmaking - que marcam as teorias do jornalismo -, foi possível concluir que o reaproveitamento de notícia é uma prática editorial e não uma categoria específica dentro do jornalismo, pode contribuir para amenizar a miopia de que a comunidade interpretativa, ou seja, os próprios jornalistas sofrem, e apresenta-se como alternativa diante da necessidade imediatista, que pauta o jornalismo orientado pelo presente. Além de ser uma saída também ao critério de atualidade ou o factualidade que molda o jornalismo comercial/industrial (que considera a notícia como uma mercadoria a ser comercializada), funciona como um processo de otimização da gestão da informação e preserva memórias e análises de questões importantes para a história do homem / The present work has as main objective indicate some characteristics that define the resulting journalism from the reuse of still published news is printed journalism. Through the discourse qualitative analysis, thematic depiction and the argumentative web of the three issues of Cadernos Diplô, derivative publications from monthly newspaper Le Monde Diplomatique, and the trajectory of constructivist paradigms (structuralist and interacionist theories), gatekeeper and newsmaking that mark the journalism theories, it was possible to conclude that the reuse of news is an editorial practice and not a particular category within journalism, and it can contribute to ease the myopia that the interpretative community, meaning, the journalists suffer, and it is presented as an alternative facing the journalistic necessity which characterize the focused journalist by the present. Beyond being an alternative also to the present criterion or the factually the mold the commercial/industrial journalism (that consider the news as goods to be commercialized), work as an optimization process in the information management and to preserve memories and analyses which are important human being history

Thesis (MTech (Interior Design))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2017. / This research is about the spaces between places in urban settings, also referred to as "Interiorscapes", a term coined by Paul Cooper (2003). These spaces are often overlooked by developers and urban planners in their vision of the bigger scheme yet they function as extensions of the habitable spaces in buildings and contribute to the overall structure and understanding of a place. If disregarded these spaces can potentially become neglected and derelict inadvertently sanctioning opportunities for crime. In Cape Town, the proposed developments at the Two Rivers Urban Park in partnership with the Western Cape Government and the City of Cape Town, offer an opportunity to explore the inclusion of Interiorscapes in adaptive reuse projects aimed at creating sustainable commercial urban spaces in Cape Town. This interpretive qualitative research was conducted by exploring proposals made for two of the districts within the Two Rivers Urban Park area; (1) Oude Molen Ecovillage, currently a mixed-use sustainable neighborhood, and (2) the River Club where planning is currently underway to develop a commercialised recreational hub and tourist attraction. These sites were identified as study areas as they offer the potential for the implementation of Interiorscapes in adaptive reuse projects. Using a Grounded Theory approach, data was collected by interviewing the stakeholders, reviewing the proposals drawn up for these developments and through observations made when visiting the sites. Using the principles of New Urbanism, data has been analysed and the findings are presented as a narrative. The findings of this research indicate that ultimately the inclusion of Interiorscapes and all they represent is tied up in politics and economic processes monopolised by developers. The construct of Interiorscapes becomes a metaphor for the wellconsidered, well planned, user centered, ‘bottom-up’ design solutions which in the current context may present as a challenging problem which has no apparent solution. Recommendations are made for sustainable design alternatives to the current building and planning practices in Cape Town for adaptive reuse projects through the introduction of Interiorscapes.

Resumo: A água vem se tornando um recurso cada vez mais escasso, sendo necessário utilizá-la com maior cautela. Sabe-se que a agricultura é a atividade que mais consome água, deve-se então encontrar formas de minimizar a utilização na irrigação de água própria para o consumo humano. Sendo a agricultura uma atividade em que se pode utilizar águas de qualidade inferior, sem comprometer a cultura, o reuso de água surge como uma alternativa para reduzir o consumo de água de boa qualidade. Porém, faz-se necessário determinar se a reutilização de água é um método seguro ambientalmente, além de garantir que a produção seja satisfatória e sem ocorrência de contaminação da cultura. Assim, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo verificar o potencial de contaminação das águas subterrâneas por nitrogênio devido à irrigação com efluente do tratamento de esgoto, bem como, avaliar o cultivo da cultura da alface e a ocorrência de contaminação microbiológica na mesma. Para tanto, foram determinadas as concentrações das formas de nitrogênio presentes no percolado de área irrigada com água residuária, bem como, os parâmetros de crescimento e contaminação da alface por Salmonella. Observou-se, no percolado de área irrigada com água residuária, concentrações de nitrato de 33,14 a 47,97 mg.L-1 a 25 cm de profundidade e de 17,73 a 141,9 mg.L-1 a 50 cm de profundidade. Já as concentrações de nitrito e amônia foram inferiores, com o nitrito apresentando, a 25 cm de profundidade, concentrações de 0,0083 a 0,0301 mg.L-1 e a 50 cm as concentrações ficaram entre 0,0059 a 0,0119 mg.l-1. Para a amônia as concentrações ficaram entre 0,215 e 0,527 mg.L-1 a 25 cm de profundidade e a 50 cm de profundidade as concentrações foram de 0,279 a 0,814 mg.L-1. Também se verificou que os... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The water is becoming a scarce resource, being necessary to use it with more caution. It is known that agriculture is the activity that consumes more water, so is needed to find ways of minimize the use in irrigation of water adequated to human consumption. The agriculture is an activity that can receive water of lower quality, with no compromise of the culture, so the water reuse is an alternative to reduce the use of water with better quality. However, it is necessary to determine if the water reuse is environmentally safe and if it guarantees satisfactory production with no contamination of the culture. Thus, the present work aimed to verify the potential of contamination of groundwater by nitrogen due to irrigation with effluent of sewage treatment, and also, evaluate the lettuce grouth and microbiological contamination. So, it was determined the concentrations of nitrogen forms present in the leachate from area irrigated with wastewater, as well as the growth parameters and contamination of lettuce by Salmonella. It was observed in the leachate from area irrigated with wastewater, concentrations of nitrate from 33,14 to 47,97 mg.L-1 at 25 cm deep, and 17,73 to 141,9 mg.L-1 at 50 cm deep. But the nitrite and ammonia concentrations were lower, with nitrite presenting, at 25 cm deep, concentration of ,0083 to 0,0301 mg.L-1, and at 50 cm the concentrations were from ,0083 to 0,0301 mg.L-1. To ammonia the concentration were between 0,215 and 0,527 mg.L-1 at 25 cm deep and at 50 cm deep the concentrations were from 0,279 to 0,814 mg.L-1. It was verified that the parameters of crop growth were higher for the irrigation with wastewater, besides, there were no microbiological contamination of the lettuce, being in accordance with the legislation of vegetables / Orientador: Raimundo Leite Cruz / Coorientador: Elisandro Pires Frigo / Banca: Antonio Evaldo Klar / Banca: Alessandra Monteiro de Paula / Mestre

Este estudo abordou o tratamento de efluentes gerados na operação de lavagem de caminhões de coleta de lixo do tipo IIA e IIB, conforme a NBR 10.004. Os ensaios foram realizados na estação de tratamento localizada na garagem da empresa Koleta Ambiental, Rio de janeiro. Em face dos grandes volumes de água exigidos para a limpeza dos caminhões foi realizado ensaio de tratabilidade a fim de definir qual o método de tratamento mais adequado para o efluente. Foram ensaiados os métodos físico-químico, biológico e ultrafiltração com membrana. O objetivo final era verificar a qualidade da água para posterior reuso a fim de diminuir o desperdício de se usar água potável para a lavagem de caminhões de lixo. Os resultados mostraram-se satisfatórios, porém há a necessidade de se aprofundar a pesquisa para enquadramento de vários parâmetros de qualidade nos padrões das das Resoluções CONAMA 357 e 274, assim como melhorar a avaliação do consumo de energia no processo de filtração com a membrana. / The present study, undertaken at the site of koleta Ambiental S.A., Rio de Janeiro, a company specialized in garbage collection, was related to the tratability tests of the wastewaters generated by garbage truck cleaning. To verify the effectiveness of these tests, a sequence of treatment related to physicochemical, biological and ultrafiltration through membranes tests, was adopted. From the results, one can conclude that further investigations should be carried out, as some water quality parameters of the treated wastewaters, such as chlorides and nitrogen that still do not comply with those prescribed in CONAMA 357 and 274 resolutions. Moreover, as far as the energy consumption related to ultrafiltration tests, must be further assessed, as the results which have been obtained were not conclusive.

Nesse estudo foram analisados os principais resultados do programa de conservação de água e reuso e reciclo de efluentes aquosos em refinarias de petróleo. As principais ações empregadas visando a conservação (redução) do uso de água foram: implantação de programas de conscientização, modificações de projeto e otimização de processo. Na etapa de reuso buscou-se avaliar a compatibilidade quali e quantitativa dos efluentes aquosos com o intuito de reaproveitá-los como água reposição de outros processos industriais. Na etapa de reciclo, procurou-se melhorar a qualidade do efluente final da refinaria através de otimização da estação de tratamento de efluentes com o intuito de reaproveitá-lo no sistema de resfriamento (fechado), principal consumidor de uma refinaria. O resultado das ações de redução (conservação), reuso e reciclo foi uma redução de consumo de água de, respectivamente, 108.000, 6.100 e 130.000 m anuais. Outro resultado conseguido foi uma melhoria ambiental através da redução da vazão de efluente (80%) bem como redução da concentração dos principais contaminantes (DQO, DBO, sulfeto, óleos e graxas, sólidos suspensos, fenol e nitrogênio amoniacal). A redução do efluente após a implantação do programa foi de 80% em relação à inicial. Por fim, após análise técnico econômica do referido projeto tendo como resultado um tempo de retorno de investimento de nove meses, confirmando ser um empreendimento extremamente atrativo, demonstrando que é possível racionalizar o uso de recursos naturais, melhorar qualidade do meio ambiente e realizar bons resultados econômicos simultaneamente. / In this study the main results of water conservation and effluent reusing and recycling programs at petroleum refinery was analyzed. The main actions used to look for water conservation (reduction) were: implanting of personnel training program; plant design changes and process optimization. At reuse step the objective was to evaluate the compatibility of aqueous effluents in order to reuse it as make-up water at other industrial processes. At recycle step, the purpose was to improve the refinery effluent quality by effluent treatment station optimization in order to recycle it at cooling system, the higher water consumer at a refinery. The results of conservation, reuse and recycle actions provide the reduction of water consumption of, respectively, 108,000, 6,100 and 130,000 m3/year. Another important result was an environmental improvement by a reduction of final effluent flow rate, besides the reduction of the concentration of mainly contaminants (COD, BOD, sulphide, oils and greases, suspended solids, phenol and ammoniac nitrogen. The total reduction of effluent flow rate was 80% relative to initial status. Finally, a technical economical analysis of global program was made and showed nine months as returning rate of investment, confirming that was an extremely attractive design, proving that its possible to rationalize natural resources, improve environmental quality and gain good economic results simultaneously.

A demanda atual por recursos hídricos com quantidade e qualidade exige que todos os efluentes domésticos sejam tratados de maneira adequada para minimizar os impactos ambientais causados no meio ambiente. As estações de tratamento de efluentes domésticos que utilizam sistemas tradicionais de tratamento em muitos casos não conseguem atingir os valores de remoção de poluentes exigidos pelas legislações ambientais e, portanto, processos avançados de tratamento de efluentes devem ser realizados para garantir tal atendimento. No presente trabalho foi realizada a coleta e caracterização físico-química de amostras em diferentes pontos de processo na estação de tratamento de efluentes do Campus Litoral Norte da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul. O monitoramento foi realizado durante 33 semanas e mostrou que o efluente tratado final da ETE apresentou valores elevados de poluentes como, por exemplo, nitrogênio total Kjeldahl (NTK), amônia e demanda química de oxigênio (DQO), o que impossibilita seu lançamento. O processo de eletrodiálise do efluente tratado da ETE foi realizada em uma planta piloto onde foram realizados 2 diferentes tipos de ensaios de eletrodiálise. No 1º ensaio o objetivo era avaliar o transporte iônico de poluentes do efluente após a eletrodiálise e os resultados encontrados mostram que, o efluente tratado por eletrodiálise, foram encontrados valores de concentração média abaixo de 1 mg/L para os ânions fluoreto, cloreto, nitrito e nitrato e para os cátions sódio, amônio, potássio e magnésio. Os resultados encontrados na caracterização fisico-química do efluente tratado indicam que o mesmo pode ser utilizado como água de reúso na agricultura, para fins urbanos e na psicicultura se for realizada a correção do pH. O 2º ensaio tinha como objetivo avaliar o comportamento das membranas através da qualidade do efluente após sucessivas eletrodiálises sem realizar a limpeza do sistema e os resultados encontrados mostram que foram obtidos valores de concentração média abaixo de 10 mg/L para todos os ânions e cátions. Os resultados encontrados pela caracterização fisico-química deste efluente tratado por eletrodiálise indicam que o mesmo pode ser utilizado como água de reúso na agricultura e reúso para fins urbanos se for realizada a correção do pH e a remoção da turbidez do efluente. Para o reúso na psicicultura, além da correção do pH, deve ser realizada a remoção do ânion nitrato para valores inferiores a 5 mg/L. / The current demand for water resources with quantity and quality requires that all domestic effluents must be adequately treated to minimize the environmental impacts caused on the environment. Municipal sewage treatment plants (MSTP) using traditional process in many cases fail to achieve the pollutant removal required by environmental. Therefore, advanced wastewater treatment processes must be carried out to ensure such care. The present work carried out the sampling and characterization samples at different process points from the wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) of Campus Litoral Norte of the Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul. The monitoring was performed during 33 weeks and showed that the final treated effluent of the WWTP showed high values of pollutants such as NTK, ammonia and COD, which makes it impossible to discharge in nature. The process of electrodialysis of the final effluent, after the treatment at the WWTP, was carried out in the pilot plant. Two different electrodialysis tests were carried out. On the first test, the objective was to evaluate the ionic transport of pollutants from the effluent after the electrodialysis and the results found show that the effluent treated were found values of average concentration below 1 mg / L were obtained for fluoride, chloride, nitrite and nitrate anions and for sodium, ammonium, potassium and magnesium cations. The results found by the physicochemical characterization of the effluent indicate that it can be used as reuse water in agriculture, for urban proposes and in pisciculture if the pH correction is performed. In the second test, the objective was to evaluate the behavior of the membranes through the quality of the effluent after successive electrodialysis without cleaning the system. The results obtained in the effluent after the second test showed that mean values below 10 mg/L were obtained for all anions and cations. The results obtained by the physicochemical characterization of the effluent indicates that it can be used as reuse water in agriculture and for urban proposes reuse if the correction of the pH and the removal of the turbidity of the effluent is carried out. For reuse in the pisciculture, besides the correction of the pH, the removal of the nitrate anion should be carried out to values below 5 mg/L.

Este trabalho visou avaliar a utilização de refugos de revestimentos cerâmicos em substituição da areia para confecção de argamassas cimentícias. Foram analisados dois resíduos, fornecidos pela mesma empresa, e provindo de quebra na produção de porcelanato esmaltado e de azulejo. Estes resíduos foram caracterizados quanto à sua distribuição granulométrica, composição química, mineralógica e comparados com a areia do Rio Jacuí, e incorporados em argamassas cimentíceas. Corpos-de-prova de 40x40x160mm3 foram moldados e submetidos a ensaios de resistência à tração na flexão, após 7, 28 e 63 dias de cura, enquanto que corpos-de-prova cilíndricos com 50 mm de diâmetro e 50mm de altura foram avaliados quanto às fases mineralógicas formadas por difração de raio-x, e quanto à resistência à compressão, absorção de água (após 28 dias), índices de vazios e massa específica. Os resultados mostram que, apesar do aumento da relação água/cimento, para que um mesmo espalhamento fosse mantido, a mistura utilizando resíduo apresenta um desempenho mecânico e físico igual ou mesmo superior em comparação às apresentadas pelas argamassas utilizando areia de rio. / The trend of using recycled materials is increasing. This fact is noted in several areas, but mainly in the construction industry. Therefore, it behooves researchers to identify and evaluate the potential use of waste mixtures of mortar and concrete. This study aims to evaluate the use of waste from the manufacture of floor and wall tiles, called grog, as a replacement for sand for making mortar. In this paper we analyzed two residues, supplied by the same company, and coming break in the production of porcelain and tile. These residues were physically characterized and compared with the sand of Rio Jacuí and evaluated in the form of mixing in cimentitious matrix. Specimens of 40x40x160 mm3 were cast and tested, the bending and compression at 7, 28 and 63 days of curing, while body-of-proof cylindrical 50 mm diameter and 50mm were evaluated for water absorption rates voids and density, after 28 days of healing, being held after the breakup of the specimens x-ray diffraction. The results show that, despite the increase of water cement ratio, so mechanical and physical performance in relation to river sand.

Com a globalização do mercado, muitas empresas procuraram se modernizar objetivando tornarem-se mais competitivas, com o crescimento industrial os recursos naturais apresentam-se mais escassos levando ao desenvolvimento de leis ambientais cada vez mais rígidas. Os custos envolvidos com o uso dos recursos naturais, têm levado as indústrias a buscarem alternativas a curto e médio prazos para minimizarem estes custos, procurando reduzir os seus impactos ambientais. A busca para um menor consumo de água através de técnicas de reúso e reciclagem nos processos industriais passam a fazer parte do planejamento estratégico de várias empresas, inclusive das rolamenteiras. O presente trabalho foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de avaliar o potencial de reúso da água da atividade de tamboreamento de rolos cônicos com espessura entre 5 a 8 mm e altura de 6 a 8 mm, sendo uma atividade de suma importância para garantir um padrão de qualidade satisfatório, de forma que as atividades subsequentes sejam efetuadas sem anomalias técnicas, conduzindo à obtenção de um produto final de qualidade. Por não requerer uma água com padrões elevados de qualidade, neste trabalho foi demonstrado o potencial de reúso de efluentes na atividade de tamboreamento, viabilizando-se sobre maneira o objeto deste estudo, onde é possível avaliar os aspectos físicos e químicos antes e após o tratamento da água para futura implantação contínua. / With the globalization of the market, many companies had looked for to be modernized for becoming more competitive. With the industrial growth, natural resources scarcity, and environmental pollution result in the development of more stringent laws. The costs associated with the use of the natural resources are taking the industries to search alternatives of short and long terms to minimize these costs looking for the reduction of its environmental impacts. The searching for reduced water consumption through techniques of reuse and recycling in its processes start to be integrated in the strategic planning of some companies including the bearing industry. The present work has been developed with the objective of evaluating the potential of water reuse in the activity of tumbling conical coils with thickness in the range of 5 to 8 mm, and height of 6 to 8 mm, being an activity of utmost importance to guarantee a satisfactory quality standard, in order that the subsequent activities are effected without anomalies, leading to the attainment of an end product of quality. By not requiring water with high standards of quality, in this work the potential of effluent reuse was demonstrated in the activity of tumbling, making possible to achieve the objective of this study, where it was possible to evaluate water physical and chemical aspects before and after the treatment for future implantation in continue way.