Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:55:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 FabioAL_DISSERT.pdf: 3109230 bytes, checksum: c3a4e73bfea10d6796f79168cb83b21d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-08-31 / Every day, water scarcity becomes a more serious problem and, directly affects global society. Studies are directed in order to raise awareness of the rational use of this natural asset that is essential to our survival. Only 0.007% of the water available in the world have easy access and can be consumed by humans, it can be found in rivers, lakes, etc... To better take advantage of the water used in homes and small businesses, reuse projects are often implemented, resulting in savings for customers of water utilities. The reuse projects involve several areas of engineering, like Environmental, Chemical, Electrical and Computer Engineering. The last two are responsible for the control of the process, which aims to make gray water (soapy water), and clear blue water (rain water), ideal for consumption, or for use in watering gardens, flushing, among others applications. Water has several features that should be taken into consideration when it comes to working its reuse. Some of the features are, turbidity, temperature, electrical conductivity and, pH. In this document there is a proposal to control the pH (potential Hydrogen) through a microcontroller, using the fuzzy logic as strategy of control. The controller was developed in the fuzzy toolbox of Matlab? / A cada dia a escassez de ?gua se torna um problema mais grave e que atinge diretamente a sociedade mundial. Estudos s?o dirigidos no intuito de conscientizar a popula??o do uso racional desse bem natural que ? imprescind?vel ? sobreviv?ncia. Somente 0,007% das ?guas dispon?veis no globo apresentam acesso f?cil e podem ser consumidas por seres humanos, sendo encontradas em rios, lagos, etc. Para melhor proveito das ?guas utilizadas em resid?ncias e pequenos estabelecimentos, projetos de reuso s?o muitas vezes implementados, implicando, em economia para os clientes das concession?rias de ?gua. Os projetos de reuso envolvem as mais diversas ?reas da engenharia, podendo ser citadas a Engenharia Ambiental, Engenharia Qu?mica e tamb?m a Engenharia El?trica e de Computa??o, essas ?ltimas, respons?veis pelo controle dos processos, que tem por objetivo tornar a ?gua cinza, ou seja, ?guas com sab?o e ?guas azuis, mais conhecidas como ?guas de chuva, ideais para o consumo, ou apenas para utiliza??o em regas de jardins, descargas sanit?rias, entre outros. A ?gua possui v?rias caracter?sticas que devem ser levadas em considera??o, em se tratando do seu reuso. Algumas delas s?o, turbidez, temperatura, condutividade el?trica, pH. Nesse documento ? feita uma proposta de controle de pH (potencial hidrogeni?nico), atrav?s de microcontrolador, utilizando-se como estrat?gia de controle a l?gica fuzzy. O controlador foi desenvolvido no toolbox fuzzy do software Matlab?

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:01:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MagnaASB.pdf: 1635517 bytes, checksum: df420c88397a6cd630a5381fcef348b7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2004-09-02 / The production of petroleum is frequently accomplished with great volumes of water, that it is carried of the underground with the oil. It is a challenge of the present century the development of technologies that allow the use of waste water for purposes that consume great amounts of water and don't demand as rigid as the one of the drinking water requirements. The solar distillation has been configuring as an alternative of clean technology for desalination of brine and saline. Besides causing the minimum possible damage to the environment, it takes advantage of an abundant and free energy source: the solar energy. That study aims to develop a Solar Distillator for treatment of the produced water of the oil wells, to obtain an efluent to use in agriculture and vapor generation. The methodology for collection, conservation and analysis of the physical-chemical parameters obeyed the norms in APHA (1995). The sampling was of the composed type. Experiments were accomplished in the solar distillation pilot and simulation in thermostatic bathing. The operation was in batch system and for periods of 4, 6 and 12 h. The developed Distillator is of the type simple effect of two waters. It was still tested two inclination angles for covering; 20? and 45?. The Distillator presented minimum of 2,85 L/m2d revenues and maximum of 7,14 L/m2d. The removals of salts were great than 98%. The removal of TOC in the simulation was great than 90%. In agreement with the data of energy and mass balance, it was verified that the developed solar Distillator presented compatible revenues with those found in literature for similar types. It can be inferred that the obtained distilled water assists to the requirements CONAMA in almost all the points and could be used for irrigation of cultures such as cotton and mamona. As the distilled water has characteristics of fresh water it can be used in the generation of vapor / A produ??o de petr?leo ? realizada freq?entemente com grandes volumes de ?gua, que ? carreada do subsolo junto com o ?leo. ? desafio do presente s?culo o desenvolvimento de tecnologias que possibilitem ou uso ou reuso de efluentes para outros fins. A destila??o solar ? uma alternativa de tecnologia limpa para dessaliniza??o de ?guas salobras e salinas. Esse estudo visa desenvolver um Destilador Solar para tratamento da ?gua de produ??o de petr?leo, com vistas a se obter um efluente pass?vel de utiliza??o na agricultura e gera??o de vapor. A metodologia para conserva??o e an?lise dos par?metros f?sico-qu?micos obedeceu preconiza??o do APHA (1995). A amostragem foi do tipo composta. Foram realizados experimentos no destilador solar piloto e simula??o em banho termost?tico. A opera??o foi em sistema de batelada e por per?odos de 4, 6 e 12 h. O destilador desenvolvido ? do tipo simples efeito de duas ?guas. Testou-se ainda dois ?ngulos de inclina??o para cobertura; 20? e 45?. O destilador apresentou rendimentos m?nimo de 2,50 L/m2d e m?ximo de 7,5 L/m2d. As remo??es de sais foram superiores a 98%. A remo??o de TOC na simula??o foi superior a 90%. De acordo com os dados dos balan?os energ?tico e de massa, verificou-se que o destilador solar desenvolvido apresentou rendimentos compat?veis com os encontrados na literatura para seus similares. Enfatiza-se que o isolamento utilizado n?o estava nas condi??es de otimiza??o, logo, esse rendimento pode ser melhorado. Pode-se inferir que a ?gua destilada obtida atende aos requisitos CONAMA em quase todos os pontos, podendo ser utilizada, com ressalvas, na irriga??o de culturas n?o comest?veis como o algod?o e a mamona. Como a ?gua destilada tem caracter?sticas de ?gua doce pode ser utilizada na gera??o de vapor