No description available.

No description available.

Coal has been an important natural resource of energy in the Illinois Basin for generations. In addition to the organic macerals in coal, there is inorganic matter containing minerals and trace elements. With growing demand for economic and critical metals including Rare Earth Elements and Yttrium (REY), coals containing anomalously high concentrations of trace elements, as well as their associated coal mine wastes, and drainages have been explored as promising secondary resources, but there were no former studies of REY in Illinois basin CMD. CMD samples were collected from 35 abandoned coal mine sites from three regions of the Illinois basin. Region 1 (R1) the southern extent of the basin extending west along the cottage grove fault system and includes Hicks dome, a nexus of regional hydrothermal activity and provenance of the Illinois Kentucky Fluorite District (IKFD) ore deposits; Region 2 (R2) comprised locations situated in western Illinois along the Du Quoin Monocline; and Region 3 (R3) comprised locations situated in northern Illinois, farthest from the Hicks Dome. Two hypotheses were tested in this study: (1) that pH and ΣREY would share an inverse correlation, with the greatest abundances of REY found in the most acidic drainages; and (2) hydrothermal activity associated with Hicks Dome in southern Illinois was the source of REY enrichment in the coals, and so, REY abundance and pattern would reflect proximity to the cryptoexplosive complex, with the greatest enrichments expected in R1, closest to Hicks Dome. The geochemical data of 42 CMD samples was examined was analyzed to test these two ii hypotheses. Samples ranged from extremely acidic (pH=1.93) to circumneutral (pH=7.6) with an average pH value of 3.4. Total REY values (ΣREY) averaged 1,057 μg/L across all samples and ranged from 0.4-9,879 μg/L while Σcritical-REY abundances (Nd, Eu, Tb, Dy, and Y) averaged 611 μg/L and ranged from 0.2-7,213 μg/L. Furthermore, there are significant direct correlations of ΣREY with Al, Si, SO4, Zn, Ni, Cu, Cd, Co and no correlations with Fe, Ca, P, Ba, and V. In the course of investigation, it was found that pH and linear concentration values for REY correlate poorly. However, logarithmic values of REY concentrations (i.e., log[ΣREY]), as well as the above trace metals have strong inverse correlations with pH( (r=- 0.84, p

Cette étude examine l’effet de l’âge, du niveau scolaire, du milieu socioéconomique, de la latéralité et des pratiques linguistiques, sur la réalisation d’une épreuve psychologique non verbale dynamisée selon la procédure Test –Apprentissage- Re-test (T.A.R). Nous partons du constat que les tests non verbaux sont culturellement connotés (Dasen, 1993 ; Lautrey, 2001) ainsi, les facteurs culturels peuvent être considérés comme des biais ne permettant pas de comparer directement les performances réelles des personnes issues de cultures différentes. Notre hypothèse est qu’une évaluation psychologique dynamique est possible en Algérie permettant de distinguer les profils psychologiques des enfants d’âge scolaire ayant un niveau d’intelligence normal, de ceux pour qui une remédiation cognitive serait nécessaire.Les 93 enfants âgés de 5 à 11 ans, en plus d’avoir complété un questionnaire sociodémographique, ont participé à une épreuve de latéralité et à une épreuve de compétences linguistiques. Le test non verbal, la Figure Complexe de Rey (Rey, 1959), leur a été proposé une première fois, puis une seconde fois après une phase d’apprentissage selon le modèle de Kirkwood & al., 2001.Les résultats montrent que ce sont les enfants les plus âgés qui réussissent le mieux la FCR autant au test qu’au re-test. Les enfants plus âgés réalisent la Figure Complexe de Rey plus rapidement que les plus jeunes. La latéralité et le milieu socioéconomique d’appartenance ne semblent pas influencer la réalisation de la FCR. Par contre, les enfants plurilingues réalisent de meilleurs dessins que leurs homologues monolingues. Pour la grande majorité des enfants, la phase d’apprentissage est bénéfique quel que soit leurs caractéristiques personnelles. / This study examines the effect of age, school level, socioeconomic status, handedness and language skills, on children’s performance in the non-verbal test that is rendered dynamic according to the Test – Learning – Retest procedure (TLR). We argue that non-verbal tests are also culturally connoted (Dasen, 1993 ; Lautrey, 2001). Therefore, cultural factors can be considered as biases rendering questionable direct comparisons of performances of subjects from different cultures. Our hypothesis is that a dynamic psychological evaluation is possible in Algeria allowing us to differentiate psychological profiles of elementary school children with normal intelligence from those needing cognitive remediation.93 children aged between 5 and 11 years filled out a sociodemographic questionnaire, were tested for handedness and linguistic competence. They realized the Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure Test (Rey, 1959) once and then again a second time after a learning phase according to Kirkwood & al. 2001 model.Results indicate that older children perform better at the RCFT both in the test and re-test situations than younger children. Handedness and socioeconomic status do not affect children’s performance. However, children who are speaked more than one language realize more precise drawings than unilingual children. All children profit from the learning phase. / تتناول هذه الدراسة تأثير العمر ، والمستوى التعليمي ، والبيئة الاجتماعية والاقتصادية ، و تجانب والممارسات اللغة على إعمال الاختبار النفسي غير اللفظي مدعوما بإجراء تجارب التعلم - إعادة الاختبار (T.A.R ) . نبدأ من فرضية أن الاختبارات غير اللفظية يبينها ثقافيا ( Dasen ، 1993؛ Lautrey ، 2001) و يمكن اعتبار العوامل الثقافية لا تسمح للمقارنة بشكل مباشر على الأداء الفعلي لل أشخاص من ثقافات مختلفة . لدينا فرضية هي أن التقييم النفسي الديناميكي هو ممكن في الجزائر لتمييز الملامح النفسية للأطفال في سن المدرسة مع المستوى العادي للذكاء من أولئك الذين سيلزم المعالجة المعرفية .93أطفال تتراوح أعمارهم بين 5 سنوات و 11 سنة ، بالإضافة إلى بعد الانتهاء من استبيان الاجتماعية والديموغرافية ، شارك في اختبار ل تجانب و اختبارا ل مهارات اللغة . واقترح الاختبار غير اللفظي ، و الرسم المعقدة لى ري( ري، 1959) ،قدمت لهم لأول ؤهلة ، ثم مرة ثانية بعد مرحلة التعلم في نموذج كيركوود وآخرون، 2001.وتظهر النتائج أنه الأطفال الأكبر سنا الذين هم الأكثر نجاح اإختبار FCR و إعادة الاختبار. الأطفال الأكبر سنا تحقيق هذا الرقم من لرسم ري أسرع من الأصغر سنا . لا يبدو أن هناك تأثيربالانتماء للبيئة الاجتماعية والاقتصادية و تجانب على إعمال FCR . الأطفال متعددي اللغات تحقيق أفضل التصاميم من نظرائهم أحادي اللغة . بالنسبة للغالبية العظمى من الأطفال ، مرحلة التعلم هو مفيد بغض النظر عن الخصائص الشخصية.

In her lifetime Jacoba Elizabeth (Nonnie) de la Rey, née Greeff (1856-1923) was widely known not only for being the wife of the eminent General Koos de la Rey, but also for her exceptional tenacity during the Second Anglo-Boer War (1899-1902). From December 1900 to the conclusion of the war in May 1902 she and her children lived a nomadic life. Nonnie's experiences were recorded in her memoirs, Mijne omzwervingen en beproevingen gedurende den oorlog, which were published in Amsterdam in 1903. Shortly thereafter – also in 1903 – the English edition, A Woman's Wanderings and Trials During the Anglo-Boer War, as translated by Lucy Hotz, was published in Londen. The 18 months that Nonnie spent wandering through the country probably constitute the most important phase of her life, but she experienced a great deal more, which she recorded in another memoir. Her childhood and pioneer's life are well documented. At the age of eighteen Nonnie met Jacobus Herculaas de la Rey; they were married on 24 October 1876 and settled in the vicinity of Lichtenburg. The period from 1880 to 1899 constitute a kaleidoscope of events in Nonnie's life, for example the First Anglo-Boer War (1880-1881), the loss of Nonnie's father and mother, and a move to the farm Elandsfontein. The South African War broke out in 1899. Nonnie's life during the war years can be divided into two phases, namely the period when she lived in Lichtenburg (October 1899 to November 1900), and the period characterised as her wandering years (December 1900 to May 1902). Events in Nonnie de la Rey's life from 1902 to 1923 include their official visit to Europe, the restoration of Elandsfontein, Union (1910) and Koos de la Rey's political involvement, the Rebellion of 1914 and the death of Koos de la Rey. In her final years Nonnie was involved with various organisations. She was an eminent presence in her community, being revered as a “volksmoeder” by her compatriots. She died in 1923. / Dissertation (MHCS)--University of Pretoria, 2005. / Historical and Heritage Studies / unrestricted

No abstract available. / Proefskrif (DLitt)--PU vir CHO, 1950

No abstract available. / Proefskrif (DLitt)--PU vir CHO, 1950

Memoria para optar al título de Químico / La composición de los aerosoles atmosféricos de un sitio dado está determinada por la mezcla de emisiones de diferentes orígenes y fuentes producida por la dinámica atmosférica. La Antártica es un área única sobre la Tierra, separada de los continentes vecinos por el océano del sur y el vórtice ciclónico circumpolar, pero no por ello aislada. Por esta razón adquiere mucha importancia determinar cuanto afecta la intervención humana a la región Antártica, en este estudio, a través de la composición iónica de los aerosoles atmosféricos y sus ciclos atmosféricos; estas variables permiten obtener información sobre sus fuentes, ciclos y niveles de concentración base en la atmósfera. El propósito de este trabajo es contribuir al conocimiento del aerosol atmosférico de la isla Rey Jorge, península Antártica, así como a la evaluación del potencial efecto de algunas de las especies químicas estudiadas sobre la extensión de hielo marino, ya sea para evaluar el efecto de la extensión de hielo marino en la producción de ciertas especies, por ejemplo ácido metanosulfónico / sulfato no marino (MSA/nss-SO4 =), o en el transporte de otras como Cl- y Na+ cuando el aumento de la extensión de hielo disminuya la producción de aerosol marino. Se colectaron 16 muestras de material particulado con diámetro aerodinámico ≤ 3μm (MP3) fraccionado en el año 2007 (Expedición Antártica Chilena XLIII). En 2008 (Expedición Antártica Chilena XLIV), se colectaron 13 muestras. Se utilizó un impactador de cascada Andersen de 5 etapas y un filtro final (diámetros de corte: 2,84, 2,08, 1,40, 0,80, 0,41 y < 0,41 μm). Los iones cuantificados son: 8 aniones (F-, Cl-, Br-. NO2 -, NO3 -, SO4 =, CH3SO3 -, HCOO-) y 5 cationes (Na+, K+, Mg++, Ca++, NH4 +), usando un cromatógrafo iónico. Las concentraciones totales de MP3 variaron entre 12,57-3,87 μg/m3 (2007) y entre 18,54 -2,03 μg/m3 (2008), con Na+ y Cl- como iones predominantes en el rango de partícula > 2,08 μm. El metanosulfonato (CH3SO3 -) y el sulfato no marino (nss-SO4 -2) fueron cuantificables generalmente en el rango de partículas < 0,80 μm. Se observó una disminución de las concentraciones con el avance del período de muestreo de Na+ y Cl- durante los períodos de muestreo lo que indicaría, en primera instancia, un aumento en la extensión de hielo marino con el avance del invierno afectando la producción de aerosoles. Para el CH3SO3 - y el nss- SO4 -2, se observa la misma tendencia anterior, aunque no fue posible establecer si la disminución de sus concentraciones está directamente relacionada a la extensión de hielo en sí, o más bien a la relación entre la variación de la temperatura del mar y la actividad biológica del fitoplancton. La utilización de variadas herramientas estadísticas para determinar origen y fuente permitió establecer que los iones Na+, Cl-, Mg+2, K+ y Ca+2 son de origen natural. Los tres primeros iones tienen como fuente el océano. Los cationes Ca+2 y K+ presentan además del océano un componente relacionado a una segunda fuente, probablemente, las rocas ornitogénicas. El ión nss-SO4 -2 puede ser asociado a ambos orígenes: natural y antrópico. Desafortunadamente no existe forma de diferenciar el aporte cuantitativo individual de cada nss-SO4 -2. Finalmente el anión formiato (HCOO-) evidenciaría el transporte de largo alcance de material particulado producido en incendios forestales ocurridos en el sur de Chile (28- 30/01/2007). Las proyecciones del presente trabajo se extienden a dos aspectos fundamentalmente: establecer una relación entre las condiciones atmosféricas y la actividad biológica del fitoplancton, y extender el estudio de los aerosoles al estudio de la paleoclimatología, en particular en testigos de hielo / The composition of the atmospheric aerosols of a given site is determined by the mixture of emissions from different origins and sources produced by atmospheric dynamics. Antarctica is a unique area on Earth, separated from the neighbouring continents by the south ocean and the circumpolar cyclonal vortex, but not isolated. For this reason becomes very important to determine how the human intrusion affects the Antarctic region, in this study, through the ionic composition of atmospheric aerosols and atmospheric cycles; those variables provides information about their sources, cycles and base concentration levels in the atmosphere. The aim of this work is to contribute to the knowledge of the atmospheric aerosol of the King Jorge island, Antarctic peninsula, as well as to evaluate the potential effect of some of the studied chemical species on the sea ice extension, or to evaluate the effect of the sea ice extension in the production of certain species, for instance MSA/nssSO4 =, or in the transport of others like Cl- and Na+ when the sea ice increases diminishing the production of the marine aerosol. Sixteen samples of fractionated particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter ≤ 3μm (MP3) were collected in 2007 (XLIII Chilean Antarctic Expeditions). In 2008 (XLIV Chilean Antarctic Expeditions), 13 samples were collected. A Andersen cascade impactor of 5 stages and a back-up filter was used (cut diameters: 2.84; 2.08; 1.40; 0.80; 0.41 and < 0.41 μm). The quantification of 8 anions: F-, Cl-, Br-. NO2 -, NO3 -, SO4 =, CH3SO3 -, HCOO-, and 5 cations: Na+, K+, Mg++, Ca++, NH4 + was done, using a Ionic Chromatograph. The total concentrations of MP3 ranged from 12.57 to 3.87 μg/m3 (2007) and from 18.54 to 2.03 μg/m3 (2008). Na+ and Cl- show the greater concentrations in the range of particle > 2.08 μm. Methane sulphonate (CH3SO3 -) and non sea sulphate (nss-SO4 -2) were generally quantifiable in the particle range < 0.80 μm. A decrease of the concentrations along the sampling period of Na+ and Cl- was observed probably indicating, in a first approach, an increase of the sea ice extension with the advance of the winter affecting the production of aerosols. For the CH3SO3 - and nss-SO4 -2, the same tendency was observed, although it was not possible to establish if the decreasing of their concentrations were directly related to the sea ice extension himself, or rather the relationship between the variation of the sea temperature and the biological activity of the phytoplankton. The use of different statistical tools to determine origin and sources allowed establishing that ions Na+, Cl-, Mg+2, K+ y Ca+2 are of natural origin. The first three ions have the ocean as source. The cations Ca+2 y K+ presents besides ocean a component related to a second source, probably, the ornithogenic rocks. The nss-SO4 -2 can be associated with two origins: natural and anthropogenic. Unfortunately there is no way to distinguish the individual quantitative contribution of each nss-SO4 -2. Finally the anion HCOO- evidence long range transport of particulate matter produced by fires in forest of southern Chile (28-30/01/2007). The projections of this work cover two keys areas: establishing a relation between the atmospheric conditions and the biological activity of the phytoplankton, and extend the study of aerosols to the study of paleoclimatology, particularly in ice cores

Thesis (M.A.)--University of Canterbury, 2007. / Typescript (photocopy). Includes bibliographical references (leaves 95-97). Also available via the World Wide Web.

Thesis (MHCS(Kultuurgeskiedenis)--Universiteit van Pretoria, 2003. / Includes bibliographical references.