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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
21

Avalição do desfecho clínico da febre reumática durante duas décadas no Hospital das Clínicas de Botucatu /

Carvalho, Simone Manso de. January 2009 (has links)
Orientador: Claudia Saad Magalhães / Banca: Sáskia Maria Wiegerinck Fekete / Banca: Maria Odete Esteves Hilário / Resumo: A febre reumática (FR) é uma doença pós-infecciosa, causada pelo Streptococus β hemolítico do Grupo A de Lancefield, de mecanismo auto-imune. As suas manifestações clínicas principais são denominadas sinais maiores, incluindo a artrite, cardite, coréia, nódulos subcutâneos e eritema marginado. Entre as manifestações denominadas sinais menores estão o aumento do intervalo P-R no eletrocardiograma, febre, provas de fase aguda positivas, como a VHS e a proteína C reativa. A comprovação de infecção recente pelo estreptococo é considerada um critério essencial. A FR é ainda prevalente nos países em desenvolvimento e emergentes, tendo como complicações crônica o dano valvular causado pela cardite. A sua prevenção é realizada com a erradicação do estreptococo na orofaringe, por meio da profilaxia primária com penicilina benzatina e a profilaxia secundária com a manutenção da penicilina benzatina em intervalos de 21 dias, de acordo com a recomendação da OMS. Como a FR pode apresentar seqüelas, impacto social e na qualidade de vida, justifica-se a avaliação do desfecho clínico e as suas manifestações em longo prazo. Examinar a epidemiologia, as características clínicas e o desfecho da FR em uma série de casos, nos últimos 20 anos em uma unidade acadêmica dedicada à reumatologia pediátrica (HC-FMB-UNESP). 178 casos foram identificados no período de 1986 a 2007 e destes, 134 foram revisados de acordo com um protocolo listando as manifestações clínicas e laboratoriais, o uso de medicação, o período de acompanhamento e os episódios de recorrência durante o seguimento para vigilância da profilaxia secundária. Os dados demográficos, assim como as manifestações clínicas, laboratoriais e de desfecho são apresentados por meio de freqüência para os dados categóricos e pela estatística descritiva para variáveis contínuas. A probabilidade... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Rheumatic Fever (RF) is a post-infectious disease caused by group A Streptococcus, with autoimmune mechanism. The main clinical features are named major signs as arthritis, carditis, chorea, subcutaneous nodules and erythema marginatum. Among other features, there are the minor signs as increased P-R interval on electrocardiogram (ECG), fever and acute phase reaction measured by erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) or C-reactive protein (CRP). Evidence of previous streptococcal infection is considered a core criteria. RF is highly prevalent in developing countries, where the main complication is damaged heart valves due to carditis. Prophylaxis is called primary when long-acting benzyl penicilin is administered for the first time after diagnosis and it is called secondary prophylaxis for maintenance treatment with long-acting benzyl penicilin every 3 weeks, according to the WHO guidelines. As RF may result in heart damage with both quality of life and social impact, it is valuable to assess its long term outcome. To examine epidemiology , clinical features and outcome of RF in a paediatric case series, seen in an academic unit dedicated to paediatric rheumatology (HC-FMB-UNESP) during the last 20 years. 178 cases were identified from 1986 to 2007, of those 134 were fully revised according to a standardized protocol checking for clinical and laboratorial features, treatment, follow up and acute RF relapse during follow up for prophylaxis surveillance. Demographics, clinical and laboratorial features as well as outcome data are reported by frequency for categorical variables. Continuous variables are presented by descriptive statistics. The probability of carditis, valve damage and RF relapses were examined by survival analysis with actuarial survival plots. Of 134 revised cases, age at onset was from 4 to 13.8 years, follow up duration was from 1.1 to 16.9 years mean 6.8 SD (3.6) and median... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre
22

Avaliação de fatores associados à reoperação em pacientes reumáticos submetidos a cirurgia conservadora da valva mitral / Evaluation of factors associated with reoperation in rheumatic patients undergoing valve repair prior

Severino, Elaine Soraya Barbosa de Oliveira, 1976- 18 August 2018 (has links)
Orientador: Orlando Petrucci Junior / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-18T18:24:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Severino_ElaineSorayaBarbosadeOliveira_D.pdf: 8406293 bytes, checksum: bc2a25ec83eb02498875fd5f899eb087 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Resumo: Introdução: A doença cardíaca reumática é a principal causa de doença valvar mitral no Brasil. A superioridade da plastia mitral na regurgitação mitral de etiologia degenerativa já tem sido demonstrada por vários estudos, mas ainda há poucos avaliando os resultados da plastia mitral na doença reumática. Objetivo: O objetivo foi avaliar fatores preditivos de risco para reoperação e mortalidade tardia em população de pacientes reumáticos submetidos à plastia da valva mitral. Material e Método: Este é um estudo retrospectivo. Variáveis clínicas, ecocardiográficas e técnicas cirúrgicas foram anotadas. Foram avaliados apenas pacientes submetidos a reparo da valva mitral exclusivamente, ou em conjunto com plastia da valva tricuspide. Para a análise de reoperação e sobrevida foram utilizadas curvas de Kaplan-Meier. Para a análise univariada das variáveis contínuas foi utilizado o teste t de Student ou Mann-Whitney dependendo do tipo de distribuição da amostra. Para as variáveis discretas foi utilizado o teste do Qui-quadrado. Resultados: Um total de 116 pacientes foram incluídos. O tempo de seguimento médio foi de 58,02 ± 45,33 meses. A idade média dos pacientes foi de 31,19 ± 12,72 anos. No pré-operatório 54,8% dos pacientes estavam em classe funcional I, 24,7% em classe II, 17,2% III e 3,2% em classe funcional IV. Não houve reoperação por sangramento na primeira cirurgia. A taxa de reoperação tardia foi de 12,9% (15 pacientes). A mortalidade cardíaca foi de 5,2% e a geral de 7,8% durante o seguimento tardio. A hipertensão pulmonar no pós-operatório esteve associada ao óbito (P<0,01). Na análise univariada os fatores preditivos de reoperação no pré-operatório foram: medida do átrio esquerdo (P=0,03) e o diâmetro diastólico do ventrículo esquerdo (P=0,01). Durante o seguimento os fatores preditivos de reoperação foram: medida do átrio esquerdo (P<0,01), diâmetro diastólico do ventrículo esquerdo (P<0,01) e a pressão sistólica da artéria pulmonar (P=0,02). Na análise de Kaplan-Meier a variável pré-operatório preditiva de reoperação foi o diâmetro diastólico do ventrículo esquerdo (P=0,01). No seguimento as variáveis preditivas de reoperação foram: a presença de hipertensão pulmonar (P=0,02), presença de insuficiência cardíaca (P<0,01) e a insuficiência mitral (P<0,01). Quanto às técnicas de plastia utilizadas a anuloplastia mitral exclusiva e a anuloplastia tricuspide mostraram maior ocorrência de reoperação (P<0,01 para ambas). A ocorrência de reoperação não esteve associada a menor probabilidade de sobrevida. Conclusão: Os pacientes submetidos a reparo da valva mitral tem fatores preditivos de reoperação no pré e no pós-operatório. Estes pacientes devem ser seguidos de forma mais cautelosa. O reparo da valva mitral e seguro em pacientes reumáticos e com boa sobrevida a longo prazo / Abstract: Introduction: Rheumatic heart valve disease is the most frequent cause of mitral valve disease in Brazil. The advantage of mitral valve repair over mitral valve replacement in degenerative mitral regurgitation has already been demonstrated by several studies, but there are few studies evaluating the early and late outcomes of in rheumatic mitral valve repair . Objective: Our aim was to assess predictive risk factors for mitral reoperation and late mortality in a population of rheumatic patients who underwent mitral valve repair. Methods: This is a retrospective study. Clinical, echocardiographic and surgical techniques were noted. For the analysis of reoperation and survival rates were used Kaplan-Meier curve. For the univariate analysis of continuous variables the Student t test or Mann-Whitney test were used where appropriated. For discrete variables the chisquare test was used. Results: One hundred and sixteen patients were included. The average follow-up was 58.02 ± 45.33 months. The mean age was 31.19 ± 12.72 years. At the preoperative time 54.8% of patients were in functional class I, 24.7% in class II, 17.2% class III, and 3.2% in class IV. There were no reoperations due to bleeding in the early postoperative time. The reoperation rate was 12.9% (15 patients) due to mitral valve degeneration after initial repair within the late follow-up. Cardiac mortality was 5.2% and all causes of death was 7.8% during the same period. The presence of pulmonary hypertension at the late follow-up was associated with death (P<0,01). In the univariate analysis, the risk factors for reoperation in the preoperative time were: left atrium dimension (P = 0.03) and left ventricular end diastolic diameter (P = 0.01). During the late follow-up period, predictive factors for reoperation were: left atrium dimension (P <0.01), left ventricular diastolic diameter (P <0.01) and pulmonary artery systolic pressure (P = 0.02). Kaplan-Meier curve analysis showed the left ventricular diastolic diameter (P = 0.01) associated with reoperation. During the late follow-up, the predictors for reoperation were: the presence of pulmonary hypertension (P = 0.02), congestive heart failure (P <0.01) and mitral regurgitation (P <0.01). Analyzing the techniques used in the initial mitral valve repair annuloplasty exclusively and tricuspid annuloplasty showed a higher incidence of reoperation (P <0.01 in both situations). The reoperation event did not decrease the probability of survival within the follow up period. Conclusion: There are predictors of reoperation in the pre- and postoperative time in patients who underwent rheumatic mitral valve repair. These patients should be followed more cautiously. The rheumatic mitral valve repair is safe and shows good long-term survival / Doutorado / Fisiopatologia Cirúrgica / Doutor em Ciências
23

A geographic profile of rheumatic fever and heart disease cases seen at three teaching hospitals of the University of the Witwatersrand from January 1993 to December 1995

Clur, Sally-Ann, Barker January 1997 (has links)
Dissertation submitted to the University of the Witwatersrand, in partial fulfilment of an MSc in Child Health. Johannesburg 1997 / AC2017
24

Fiebre reumática, asociada a insuficiencia aórtica y mitral severa

Azañero Reyna, Rubén, Ramírez Erazo, Julio, Gonzales Albarracín, Juan, Gonzáles Vásquez, Deysi 06 1900 (has links)
Varón de 15 años, con 2 meses de enfermedad caracterizada por sudoración profusa y dolor en miembros inferiores que le dificultaba caminar. El dolor aumento de intensidad asociándose después a taquipnea y disnea al caminar 50 m más náuseas y vómitos, disnea en reposo y edema de miembros inferiores. Ingreso por Emergencia al Hospital Nacional Dos de Mayo (HNDM) el 27/04/2016, presentando a su ingreso palpitaciones y disnea a pequeños esfuerzos. El Servicio de Cardiología del HNDM, diagnostico : Insuficiencia aórtica y mitral severa, insuficiencia tricúspidea leve e hipertensión pulmonar. Pulso arterial: 104 lat/min, FR: 32 resp/min, PA: 110/50 mm Hg, T°: 36,5°C, choque de la punta en 7mo espacio intercostal izquierdo, Soplo diastólico III/IV en foco aórtico, S sistólico III/IV en foco mitral, pulso radial en martillo de agua. Glucosa 74 mg/dl., creatinina 0.47 mg/dl, antiesptreptolisina (ASO) : 355 IU/ml, AAN: negativo, Hb : 11.6 g/dl, Proteínas Totales: 6.09gr/dl, albumina: 3.19gr/dl, globulina : 2.90gr/dl, Ecocardiograma: dilatación severa de aurícula y ventrículo izquierdo, hipertrofia de VI, dilatación de aurícula derecha, dilatación de arteria pulmonar y ramas. Insuficiencia severa aórtica y mitral, insuficiencia tricuspídea leve. Sometido a reemplazo valvular, hubo notable mejoria. / 15 years old, male, with 2 months clinical record characterized by profuse sweating and lower limbs pain that produced trouble on walking. Increased pain intensity was associated to tachypnea nausea,vomiting and dyspnea after walking 50 m.Beside it he had dyspnea at rest and lower limb edema. He entered to Dos de Mayo National Hospital (HNDM) on 04.27.2016, presenting palpitations and dyspnea at small efforts. HNDM, Department of Cardiology, diagnosed : severe mitral and aortic insufficiency, mild tricuspid regurgitation and pulmonary hypertension. Arterial pulse: 104 beats/min, FR: 32 breaths/min, PA: 110/50 mm Hg, T °: 36.5 ° C, tip heart beat at 7th left intercostal space, diastolic murmur III/IV at aortic focus, systolic murmur III/IV at mitral focus, water hammer radial pulse, glucose 74 mg/dl, creatinine 0.47 mg/dL, antiesptreptolisina (ASO) : 355 IU/ml, AAN: negative, Hb: 11.6 g / dl, total proteins: 6.09gr/dl, albumin: 3.19gr/dL globulin : 2.90gr/dl, Echocardiogram : severe dilated atrium and left ventricle hypertrophy, dilated right atrium, pulmonary artery and branches dilatation. Severe aortic and mitral insufficiency, mild tricuspid regurgitation. After valve replacement, the patient showed remarkable improvement.
25

Investigating the binding of streptococcal monoclonal antibody 10F5 in the heart of the Lewis rat

Huff, Courtney L. January 2009 (has links)
Access to abstract permanently restricted to Ball State community only / Access to thesis permanently restricted to Ball State community only / Department of Physiology and Health Science
26

B cell antigen D8/17 as a marker of susceptibility to rheumatic fever in Australians and The sharp end of the needle : rheumatic fever prophylaxis and concepts of care for Yolngu patients /

Harrington, Zinta, January 2005 (has links)
Thesis (MSc(HlthSc)) -- Flinders University, Faculty of Health Science. / Typescript (bound). "A thesis in two parts." Includes bibliographical references (leaves 222 - 245). Also available online.
27

"Determinação de alvos antigênicos na doença reumática cardíaca utilizando phage display" / Identification of molecular markers involved in the pathogenesis of rheumatic heart disease by phage display

Bessa, Juliana Mattos de Almeida 11 January 2006 (has links)
Pacientes com doença reumática cardíaca (DRC) desenvolvem lesões valvares mediadas por linfócitos T CD4+, capazes de reconhecer cruzadamente proteínas cardíacas e estreptocócicas pelo mecanismo de mimetismo molecular. Neste trabalho empregamos uma biblioteca peptídica de Phage Display para identificar auto-antígenos cardíacos capazes de serem reconhecidos por duas linhagens intralesionais de linfócitos T e um clone derivado de uma das linhagens isolados de pacientes com DRC. A análise dos peptídeos dos fagos em banco de dados de proteínas revelou novos epitopos da miosina cardíaca, laminina, vimentina e outras proteínas coiled-coil, provavelmente involvidos no processo auto-imune da DRC. Outras moléculas inflamatórias como citocinas, integrinas e fatores de crescimento também foram identificadas / Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) patients develop valvar lesions with CD4+ T lymphocytes infiltrating the heart. Molecular mimicry between streptococcal and cardiac proteins recognized by these T cells may explain these auto-aggressive lesions. In the present work we used a Phage Display peptide library to identify cardiac antigens which could be recognized by two heart infiltrate T cell lines and by a T cell clone derived from one of the lines which were isolated from RHD patients. Using the protein data bank to analyse the phage peptides, we observed that many sequences showed homology with cardiac myosin, laminin, vimentin and other coiled-coil proteins, suggesting the involvement of these proteins in the autoimmune process of RHD. Other inflammatory molecules such as cytokines and integrins were also identified
28

"Determinação de alvos antigênicos na doença reumática cardíaca utilizando phage display" / Identification of molecular markers involved in the pathogenesis of rheumatic heart disease by phage display

Juliana Mattos de Almeida Bessa 11 January 2006 (has links)
Pacientes com doença reumática cardíaca (DRC) desenvolvem lesões valvares mediadas por linfócitos T CD4+, capazes de reconhecer cruzadamente proteínas cardíacas e estreptocócicas pelo mecanismo de mimetismo molecular. Neste trabalho empregamos uma biblioteca peptídica de Phage Display para identificar auto-antígenos cardíacos capazes de serem reconhecidos por duas linhagens intralesionais de linfócitos T e um clone derivado de uma das linhagens isolados de pacientes com DRC. A análise dos peptídeos dos fagos em banco de dados de proteínas revelou novos epitopos da miosina cardíaca, laminina, vimentina e outras proteínas coiled-coil, provavelmente involvidos no processo auto-imune da DRC. Outras moléculas inflamatórias como citocinas, integrinas e fatores de crescimento também foram identificadas / Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) patients develop valvar lesions with CD4+ T lymphocytes infiltrating the heart. Molecular mimicry between streptococcal and cardiac proteins recognized by these T cells may explain these auto-aggressive lesions. In the present work we used a Phage Display peptide library to identify cardiac antigens which could be recognized by two heart infiltrate T cell lines and by a T cell clone derived from one of the lines which were isolated from RHD patients. Using the protein data bank to analyse the phage peptides, we observed that many sequences showed homology with cardiac myosin, laminin, vimentin and other coiled-coil proteins, suggesting the involvement of these proteins in the autoimmune process of RHD. Other inflammatory molecules such as cytokines and integrins were also identified
29

Circulating immune complexes in acute rheumatic carditis

Sprenger, Kenneth John January 1995 (has links)
The group A beta-haemolytic streptococcus is known to be the aetiologic agent in acute rheumatic fever, but the exact pathogenesis remains obscure. A review of the histopathology of the Aschoff body suggests that the cardiac pathology is a granulomatous hypersensitivity reaction. However the streptococcus has not been found in the lesions, and the agent responsible for the granuloma has not yet been identified. Circulating immune complexes have previously been measured in some children with acute rheumatic fever. The normal or raised complement components measured by some workers in acute rheumatic fever suggests that the immune complexes may not be complement fixing. Considering that the usual assays for measuring immune complexes depend on complement fixation, the failure of the immune complexes to fix complement might produce false negative results. A physical, non-complement fixing assay (polyethylene glycol precipitation - PEG), was therefore used to measure circulating immune complexes. Results were expressed as total IgG precipitated (g/L), or as a percentage of serum IgG. Immune complexes were also measured by two complement dependent assays, a Clq binding assay (ClqBA), and conglutinin binding assay (CBA). Complexes were assayed in 15 children with acute rheumatic carditis (ARC), 11 with non-active, chronic rheumatic heart disease (CRHD), 13 with acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis (APSGN), and 15 normal children and adults (NORMAL). Total haemolytic complement, complement components as well as the complement breakdown product C3d, were measured.
30

Avaliação da microbiota bucal em pacientes sob uso crônico de penicilina G benzatina / Evaluation of oral microbiota in patients on chronic use of benzathine penicillin

Aguiar, André Andrade de 02 July 2009 (has links)
A Febre Reumática, complicação tardia de uma infecção de orofaringe causada pelo Streptococcus pyogenes (estreptococo -hemolítico do grupo A de Lancefield), tem como conseqüência a Cardiopatia Reumática, explicada pelo mimetismo molecular entre proteínas cardíacas humanas e a associação de proteínas e carboidratos da membrana do S. pyogenes. A profilaxia secundária com a PGB 1.200.000 UI IM propõe-se a evitar novos surtos, sendo administrada em intervalos de vinte e um dias nos países com alto índice de estreptococcia. A lesão valvar predispõe à Endocardite Infecciosa, que resulta de bacteriemias causadas por focos infecciosos de origem bucal em cerca de 40% dos casos. Os Streptococcus Viridans constituem o grupo mais comumente encontrado nas Endocardites Infecciosas, em especial os Streptococcus sanguinis e Streptococcus oralis. O efeito do uso crônico da PGB não foi estudado com especificidade para essa microbiota. Assim, foi avaliada, qualitativa e quantitativamente, a microbiota bucal de 100 pacientes, aos 7 e 21 dias, após profilaxia secundária para a Febre Reumática com a PGB 1.200.000 UI IM e comparada com a de 100 pacientes portadores de doença arterial coronariana sem antecedentes de Febre Reumática. As espécies avaliadas foram divididas em S. sanguinis, S. oralis e outras espécies de Streptococcus Viridans Foram coletadas amostras de saliva pela mastigação de goma de parafina e transportadas em meio VMGA II S. As culturas foram semeadas em ágar Columbia CNA com 5% de sangue desfibrinado puro de carneiro com acréscimo de penicilina G. e incubadas a 35ºC em estufa de CO2 por 72 horas. As colônias sugestivas de Streptococcus foram submetidas a testes bioquímicos para confirmação de gênero e espécie. A concentração inibitória mínima foi determinada pelo método Etest e interpretada segundo os padrões do Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Não houve diferença quanto à presença do S. sanguinis nos grupos estudados (P=0,40). O S. oralis prevaleceu aos 7 dias de PGB em relação ao grupo controle (P=0,01). Quanto à identificação de outras espécies, houve maior número de cepas nos pacientes do grupo controle quando comparados aos do grupo de estudo aos 7 e 21 dias de PGB (P<0,001). Os números de UFC/ml de S. sanguinis, S. oralis e de outras espécies foram comparados entre os grupos e não houve diferença entre eles (P=0,96; P=0,60 e P=0,77; respectivamente). Quanto às CIM do S. sanguinis e do S. oralis, não houve diferença entre os grupos (P=0,79 e P=0,13; respectivamente). Todos os testes estatísticos foram realizados em um nível de significância de 5%. Concluiu-se que o S. oralis prevaleceu aos 7 dias de PGB 1.200.000 UI IM; os Streptococcus Viridans de outras espécies prevaleceram no grupo controle; o número de UFC/mL de saliva não diferiu nos grupos estudados, a susceptibilidade dos S. sanguinis e S. oralis à penicilina G não foi alterada pela ação da PGB 1.200.000 UI IM a cada 21 dias e, por fim, a PGB não provocou reações de hipersensibilidade em nenhum paciente do estudo / Rheumatic fever is the result of a Streptococcus pyogenes (group A -hemolytic Streptococcus) infection of the upper respiratory tract. Rheumatic heart disease is a rheumatic fever consequence and is elucidated by the molecular mimicry between human cardiac proteins and group A streptococcal proteins and carbohydrates association. The secondary prophylaxis with 1,200,000 U BPG every three weeks is used for prevention of recurrent rheumatic fever in developing countries. Valvar defects are a risk for infective endocarditis which is resulted of bacteriemia caused for oral infectious focuses in 40% of cases. Viridans streptococci are the predominant group recovered in infective endocarditis, specially Streptococcus sanguinis and Streptococcus oralis. The effect of chronic BPG wasnt studied with specificity to these pathogens yet. Therefore, the oral microbiota was evaluated, qualitatively and quantitatively, at 7 and 21 days after secondary prophylaxis with BPG to rheumatic fever (study group), in a hundred patients and in comparison to another hundred patients with coronary heart disease who never acquired rheumatic fever (control group). The species evaluated were divided in S. sanguinis, S. oralis and another Streptococcus species. It was collected samples of chewing-stimulated saliva (1ml) and transported in VMGA II S medium. The samples were cultured in pure and with penicillin G 5% sheep blood Columbia ágar (CNA), incubated for 72 hours in an atmosphere containing 5% CO2 at 35ºC. The strains that were suggestive to Streptococcus were identified by biochemical tests to confirm bacteria species and genus. Minimal inhibitory concentration was determined by Etest method and interpreted in accordance to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. The results showed that there was no difference in S. sanguinis presence in all groups (P=0.40). S. oralis prevailed in 7 days BPG group in comparison to control group (P=0.01). The control group showed the highest number of others species in comparison to 7 and 21 days BPG (P<0.001). CFU/ml numbers of S. sanguinis, S. oralis and other species strains were compared in 7 and 21 days BPG to control group and there was no difference among themselves (P=0.96, P=0.60 and P=0.77; respectively). There was no difference in S. sanguinis and S. oralis MICs among the study and control groups (P=0.79 and P=0.13). All statistic tests were done at 5% significance level. It was concluded that S. oralis prevailed in 7 days BPG group in comparison to control group; other species of Viridans streptococci prevailed in control group. The number of CFU/mL did not differ in both studied groups; the penicillin susceptibility of S. sanguinis and S. oralis did not change by BPG every three weeks and, by the end, it was not observed hypersensitivity reactions to penicillin in neither of the patients of this study

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