The subject of my theses is a special category of heirs so-called forced heirs. This theme describes their substantive position and guaranteed increased protection determined by law which is especially defined by right to share on inheritance to an extent determined by law. Will of testator is hereby limited by right of forced heir in forced share. Irrespective of most European regulations only offspring of testator are counted to the circle of forced heirs in the Czech Republic whereby the difference is between minors who are entitled to at least three quarters of share and majors who are entitled to minimum of one quarter determined by legal inheritance share. This thesis is systematically divided into seven chapters. After general historical background and general terms of inheritance law explained in the second chapter, next chapter is continued by the definition of several institutes which are mutually interlinked and also closely related to the person of forced heir. Fourth chapter is dedicated to right of forced share in which I am focusing on its calculation, offsetting and final payment. I completely describe, by means of legal jurisdiction, disinheritance and incapacity to inherit in the two following chapters. Last chapter includes two institutes which, under influence of NCC (New civil...

Le droit international privé est éprouvé par les droits fondamentaux. Les données à partir desquelles la discipline a été pensée ont d’abord évolué. Les droits de l’homme créent une connexion entre les ordres juridiques étatiques et protègent la mobilité internationale des personnes. Si cette évolution ne remet pas en cause l’existence du problème de droit international privé, force est d’admettre que les droits fondamentaux modifient aujourd’hui son analyse. Tandis que les conflits d’ordres juridiques sont transformés en conflit de valeurs, la hiérarchie des intérêts du droit international privé est remplacée par leur mise en balance. Les solutions de droit international privé sont, ainsi, perturbées par l’application contentieuse des droits fondamentaux. La proportionnalité est plus précisément à l’origine de cette perturbation. Technique de réalisation des droits de l’homme, la proportionnalité a une incidence inégale sur la discipline. Si le contrôle de proportionnalité épargne ses méthodes, il bouleverse en revanche ses solutions. Les Cours européennes ont tendance à privilégier la continuité des situations juridiques sur la défense de la cohésion interne. Aussi pressent-elles le droit international privé à libéraliser ses solutions. L’application contentieuse des droits fondamentaux doit, dès lors, être rationalisée pour préserver l’autorité et la prévisibilité des solutions du conflit de lois et de juridictions. C’est en dissociant l’application des droits de l’homme de l’exception d’ordre public international et en corrigeant la mise en œuvre du contrôle de proportionnalité que l’équilibre du droit international privé pourrait, nous semble-t-il, se reconstruire. / Fundamental rights put private international law to the test. First, the context in which private international law operates has evolved. Fundamental rights have created a better, closer, intertwining of the separate state legal orders and have achieved a higher protection for the persons as they experience international mobility. If this evolution does not threaten, as such, the existence of private international law, it must be acknowledged that fundamental rights modify its analysis. Whereas the conflicts between legal orders are transformed into conflicts between values, the hierarchy of interests protected by private international law is replaced by a balancing of these interests. The solutions of private international law are thus disrupted by the enforcement of fundamental rights through litigation. Proportionality is at the source of this disruption. Being a case by case technique of enforcement of fundamental rights, the influence of the proportionality test on private international is uneven. If the proportionality test is found to be overall indifferent to the methods of private international law, its main impact is on the solutions of PIL. The European courts are indeed prone to favour the continuity in the legal situations of the persons, over the defence of the internal cohesion of the state legal orders. As a consequence, private international law is invited to reach liberal solutions. The enforcement of fundamental rights through litigation must hence be clarified so as to maintain a mesure of authority and predictability of the solutions of the rules of conflict of laws, international jurisdiction and recognition of foreign judgements. It is, on the one hand, by methodologically dissociating the enforcement of fundamental rights from the public policy exception and, on the other hand, through an amendment to the proportionality test, that the balance of private international may hopefully be restored.