The aim of this project was to investigate the biogeochemistry and transport of metals in a river/estuarine system contaminated by acid mine drainage. The Rio Tinto and Rio Odiel drain a metalliferous mining area in the Iberian Pyrite Belt in the south-west of Spain. The pH values in the rivers were low (< 3) and dissolved metal concentrations were . extremely high, up to 2.6 mM Zn, 860 \M Cu, 6.0 jaM Cd and 72 nM U . The seasonal cycle of low precipitation and flash floods was identified as an important factor in generating the more severe contamination of the rivers with Fe, A l , Mn, Zn, Cu, N i , Co and Cd observed during autumn and winter, compared to spring and summer. The estuarine behaviour of dissolved Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, N i , Co and Cd was primarily = controlled by pH. Apart from an addition of these metals from the sediment in the upper Tinto estuary, conservative mixing was observed up to pH ~ 5 (at S ~ 30), above which Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, N i and Co were removed from solution. Voltammetric speciation studies showed that Cu complexing organic ligands (logK'cuL ~ 11-5, CL = 32 - 199 nM) in the estuary were saturated, and thermodynamic calculations indicated that the concentration of Cu^"^ reached values (pCu^"^ < 9) that are toxic to some marine and estuarine organisms. The estimation of fluxes indicated that the dissolved metal export from this system to thecoastal zone averages 101 d'^ Zn, 2.3 t d"' Cu, 180 kg d"^ N i and 236 kg d"^ Co, with higher contributions during wet, compared to the dry seasons. On-line measurements of Zn, Cu and N i in the Gulf of Cadiz revealed metal plumes associated with the Tinto/Odiel system and the Guadiana and Guadalquivir rivers. As a result of entrainment by the Atlantic Ocean surface current flowing into the Mediterranean Sea, the metal contamination in waters of the Gulf of Cadiz is transported south and eastward.

Inaug.-Diss.--Bonn. / Lebenslauf. Bibliography: p. [82-85].

Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-14T12:09:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 parte1.pdf: 3194837 bytes, checksum: a6b5015e4b7c84bcb8bee5e6dbb51ed8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-09-28 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / This work presents the process of physical transformation occurred on the urban structure of the city of Rio Tinto, a marked example of Brazilian work village located on the Northern cost of the state of Paraíba. That transformation has been a result of the closing of an important city textile industry in 1983 and has been occurring from that date until the present time (2009). It is also analyzed how the new social, economic and governmental relationships have promoted changes on the landscape physiognomy and on the definition of new urban structure. It was necessary a review of theoretical and historiographical references, including since the arising of the working class and its situation in Europe till its connection with Brazilian industrialization history. The dissertation examines separately three main components of urban process transformation: changes in use and occupation of urban land, changes in architectural buildings and new implantations of urban structures and buildings. / Este trabalho discute o processo de transformação física ocorrida na estrutura urbana da cidade de Rio Tinto (um marcante exemplar de vila operária brasileira, situada no litoral Norte de nosso estado da Paraíba) desencadeadas pelo fechamento da fábrica de tecidos (1983) e ocorridas a partir desta data até a época atual (2009). Investiga como as novas relações sociais, econômicas e governamentais promoveram transformações na fisionomia de sua paisagem e na definição de uma nova estrutura urbana. Para tanto, foi necessária a revisão do referencial teórico e historiográfico, abrangendo o surgimento da classe operária e a situação em que ela se encontrava na Europa, e, posteriormente, ressaltando sua ligação com a história da industrialização no Brasil. A dissertação examina separadamente três principais componentes do processo de transformação deste meio urbano: alterações no uso e ocupação do solo urbano, alterações arquitetônicas nas edificações e novas implantações de malha urbana e construções.

Trabalho realizado na Câmara Municipal de Gondomar, orient. pela Drª Iva Carla Vieira Rodrigues Ferreira / Tese de mestrado integrado. Engenharia do Ambiente. Faculdade de Engenharia. Universidade do Porto. 2012

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e TecnolÃgico / nÃo hà / Esta dissertaÃÃo estuda os embates operÃrios no perÃodo 1959 -1964, no contexto da histÃria do movimento operÃrio paraibano. Aborda inicialmente a construÃÃo da FÃbrica Rio Tinto, entre 1917 e 1924, empreendimento descrito na imprensa e nos registros dos memorialistas, de modo grandiloqÃente, pois em sua visÃo, a fÃbrica impulsionou a economia da regiÃo e da ParaÃba. As primeiras greves em 1930, a criaÃÃo do Sindicato em 1932, a vigilÃncia e repressÃo aos operÃrios comunistas, bem como as paralisaÃÃes de 1946 e 1951, sÃo aqui estudadas como experiÃncias de classe, em seu processo de organizaÃÃo, em seus conteÃdos de heranÃa e partilha. Destaca-se tambÃm o ascenso da organizaÃÃo dos trabalhadores entre 1959 e 1964, em Rio Tinto, como nÃcleo significativo do movimento operÃrio paraibano, compondo sua agenda de reivindicaÃÃes, alÃando vitÃrias, sofrendo reveses e, realizando articulaÃÃes no plano da polÃtica eleitoral. A anÃlise dos processos trabalhistas, como uma via na conquista de direitos, identifica as questÃes trabalhistas como expressÃo de conteÃdo de luta dos trabalhadores. Em estudo ainda, a conjuntura de 1960, com a eleiÃÃo do operÃrio AntÃnio Fernandes para o sindicato e à prefeitura da cidade-fÃbrica em 1963, bem como a repressÃo ao movimento operÃrio em Rio Tinto com o Golpe civil-militar de 1964. / This essay studies the workersâ collisions in the period of 1959 through 1964, emphasizing the labour movement in ParaÃba. It approaches, initially, the construction of the Rio Tinto Factory, between the years of 1917 and 1924, undertaking described in the press and in memoirs as a great enterprise, since, in their vision, the factory developed the economy of the region and of ParaÃba. The first strikes in 1930, the creation of the workerâs union in 1932, the watch and repression of the communist labourers, and also the paralyzations in 1946 and 1951, are studied here as classesâ experiences, in its organizational process, and in its contents of heritage and division. It accentuates the ascension of the workersâ organization in Rio Tinto between 1959 and 1964, as an essential center of the labour movement in ParaÃba, putting into practice their agenda of demands, conquering victories, suffering reverses and articulating in the electoral politics. The analysis of the workersâ processes, as a way of conquering rights, identifies the labour issues as an expression of the workersâ struggle. It is also studied the conjuncture of 1960, with the election of the labourer AntÃnio Fernandes for the union and for the city hall of the factorytown in 1963, and the repression of the labour movement in Rio Tinto after the coup dâÃtat civil-military of 1964.

VALE, Eltern Campina. Tecendo fios, fazendo história: a atuação operária na Cidade-Fábrica Rio Tinto (Paraíba, 1959-1964). 2008. 221 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em História) - Universidade Federal do Ceará, Departamento de História, Programa de Pós-Graduação em História Social, Fortaleza-CE, 2008. / Submitted by Raul Oliveira (raulcmo@hotmail.com) on 2012-06-25T12:47:14Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2008_Dis_ECVale.pdf: 5155308 bytes, checksum: 26d41ff1b20cc40eede6aaa7bdd6e849 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Maria Josineide Góis(josineide@ufc.br) on 2012-06-25T13:43:17Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2008_Dis_ECVale.pdf: 5155308 bytes, checksum: 26d41ff1b20cc40eede6aaa7bdd6e849 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2012-06-25T13:43:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2008_Dis_ECVale.pdf: 5155308 bytes, checksum: 26d41ff1b20cc40eede6aaa7bdd6e849 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / This essay studies the workers’ collisions in the period of 1959 through 1964, emphasizing the labour movement in Paraíba. It approaches, initially, the construction of the Rio Tinto Factory, between the years of 1917 and 1924, undertaking described in the press and in memoirs as a great enterprise, since, in their vision, the factory developed the economy of the region and of Paraíba. The first strikes in 1930, the creation of the worker’s union in 1932, the watch and repression of the communist labourers, and also the paralyzations in 1946 and 1951, are studied here as classes’ experiences, in its organizational process, and in its contents of heritage and division. It accentuates the ascension of the workers’ organization in Rio Tinto between 1959 and 1964, as an essential center of the labour movement in Paraíba, putting into practice their agenda of demands, conquering victories, suffering reverses and articulating in the electoral politics. The analysis of the workers’ processes, as a way of conquering rights, identifies the labour issues as an expression of the workers’ struggle. It is also studied the conjuncture of 1960, with the election of the labourer Antônio Fernandes for the union and for the city hall of the factorytown in 1963, and the repression of the labour movement in Rio Tinto after the coup d’état civil-military of 1964. / Esta dissertação estuda os embates operários no período 1959 -1964, no contexto da história do movimento operário paraibano. Aborda inicialmente a construção da Fábrica Rio Tinto, entre 1917 e 1924, empreendimento descrito na imprensa e nos registros dos memorialistas, de modo grandiloqüente, pois em sua visão, a fábrica impulsionou a economia da região e da Paraíba. As primeiras greves em 1930, a criação do Sindicato em 1932, a vigilância e repressão aos operários comunistas, bem como as paralisações de 1946 e 1951, são aqui estudadas como experiências de classe, em seu processo de organização, em seus conteúdos de herança e partilha. Destaca-se também o ascenso da organização dos trabalhadores entre 1959 e 1964, em Rio Tinto, como núcleo significativo do movimento operário paraibano, compondo sua agenda de reivindicações, alçando vitórias, sofrendo reveses e, realizando articulações no plano da política eleitoral. A análise dos processos trabalhistas, como uma via na conquista de direitos, identifica as questões trabalhistas como expressão de conteúdo de luta dos trabalhadores. Em estudo ainda, a conjuntura de 1960, com a eleição do operário Antônio Fernandes para o sindicato e à prefeitura da cidade-fábrica em 1963, bem como a repressão ao movimento operário em Rio Tinto com o Golpe civil-militar de 1964.

Ce mémoire analyse la mobilisation multiniveaux de la section locale 9490 d'Alma du syndicat des Métallos lors de son conflit de travail avec Rio Tinto Alcan à l'hiver 2012. Lors de la négociation pour le renouvellement de la convention collective, le syndicat, affilié à la FTQ, est mis en lock-out par Rio Tinto Alcan, une entreprise multinationale anglo-australienne. Rio Tinto achète Alcan, une entreprise multinationale canadienne, au milieu des années 2000 et souhaite rentabiliser son investissement. Le Syndicat tient à maintenir ses acquis et les emplois de qualité dans la région et à ne pas céder devant ce nouvel employeur. Le syndicat des Métallos est affilié au syndicat international United SteelWorkers. Ensemble, ils mettront sur pied une campagne stratégique internationale afin de faire contrepoids aux énormes ressources de l'employeur. Cette étude analyse le déploiement d'un syndicat international lors d'un conflit de travail au niveau local avec une entreprise multinationale et identifie les impacts de la campagne sur les relations de travail. / This thesis analyzes the multilevel mobilisation of the Metallo’s local union 9490 in Alma during the lockout by multinational company Rio Tinto Alcan that took place during winter 2012. During the collective bargaining process to renew the collective agreement, the Union is put on lockout. Australo-british multinational company Rio Tinto had bought Canadian multinational company Alcan in the mid-2000 and wanted to score a return on its investment. The local union affiliated with FTQ’s Métallos and the international union, the United Steelworkers, wanted to maintain its working conditions and keep the good jobs in the region. The union put together an international strategic campaign to counter the enormous resources of the employer. This thesis examines the impact of this international strategic campaign on the fight of a local union with its multinational employer and its impacts on labor relations.

Les problèmes de gestion des réservoirs sont stochastiques principalement à cause de l’incertitude sur les apports naturels. Ceci entraine des modèles d’optimisation de grande taille pouvant être difficilement traitables numériquement. La première partie de cette thèse réexamine la méthode d’agrégation de scénarios proposée par Rockafellar et Wets (1991). L’objectif consiste à améliorer la vitesse de convergence de l’algorithme du progressive hedgging sur lequel repose la méthode. L’approche traditionnelle consiste à utiliser une valeur fixe pour ce paramètre ou à l’ajuster selon une trajectoire choisie a priori : croissante ou décroissante. Une approche dynamique est proposée pour mettre à jour le paramètre en fonction d’information sur la convergence globale fournie par les solutions à chaque itération. Il s’agit donc d’une approche a posteriori. La thèse aborde aussi la gestion des réservoirs par la programmation dynamique stochastique. Celle-ci se prête bien à ces problèmes de gestion à cause de la nature séquentielle de leurs décisions opérationnelles. Cependant, les applications sont limitées à un nombre restreint de réservoirs. La complexité du problème peut augmenter exponentiellement avec le nombre de variables d’état, particulièrement quand l’approche classique est utilisée, i.e. en discrétisant l’espace des états de « manière uniforme ». La thèse propose une approche d’approximation sur une grille irrégulière basée sur une décomposition simpliciale de l’espace des états. La fonction de valeur est évaluée aux sommets de ces simplexes et interpolée ailleurs. À l’aide de bornes sur la vraie fonction, la grille est raffinée tout en contrôlant l’erreur d’approximation commise. En outre, dans un contexte décision-information spécifique, une hypothèse « uni-bassin », souvent utilisée par les hydrologues, est exploitée pour développer des formes analytiques pour l’espérance de la fonction de valeur. Bien que la méthode proposée ne résolve pas le problème de complexité non polynomiale de la programmation dynamique, les résultats d’une étude de cas industrielle montrent qu’il n’est pas forcément nécessaire d’utiliser une grille très dense pour approximer la fonction de valeur avec une précision acceptable. Une bonne approximation pourrait être obtenue en évaluant cette fonction uniquement en quelques points de grille choisis adéquatement. / Reservoir operation problems are in essence stochastic because of the uncertain nature of natural inflows. This leads to very large optimization models that may be difficult to handle numerically. The first part of this thesis revisits the scenario aggregation method proposed by Rochafellar and Wets (1991). Our objective is to improve the convergence of the progressive hedging algorithm on which the method is based. This algorithm is based on an augmented Lagrangian with a penalty parameter that plays an important role in its convergence. The classical approach consists in using a fixed value for the parameter or in adjusting it according a trajectory chosen a priori: decreasing or increasing. This thesis presents a dynamic approach to update the parameter based on information on the global convergence provided by the solutions at each iteration. Therefore, it is an a posteriori scheme. The thesis also addresses reservoir problems via stochastic dynamic programming. This scheme is widely used for such problems because of the sequential nature of the operational decisions of reservoir management. However, dynamic programing is limited to a small number of reservoirs. The complexity may increase exponentially with the dimension of the state variables, especially when the classical approach is used, i.e. by discretizing the state space into a "regular grid". This thesis proposes an approximation scheme over an irregular grid based on simplicial decomposition of the state space. The value function is evaluated over the vertices of these simplices and interpolated elsewhere. Using bounds on the true function, the grid is refined while controlling the approximation error. Furthermore, in a specific information-decision context, a "uni-bassin" assumption often used by hydrologists is exploited to develop analytical forms for the expectation of the value function. Though the proposed method does not eliminate the non-polynomial complexity of dynamic programming, the results of an industrial case study show that it is not absolutely necessary to use a very dense grid to appropriately approximate the value function. Good approximation may be obtained by evaluating this function at few appropriately selected grid points.