There has been a rising concern surrounding risk within society. This increasing concern has dominated almost all aspects of human life and more specifically the way in which citizens are governed. How risk is addressed in general has shifted significantly; given this, the criminal justice system has also seen an escalation in concerns surrounding risk. Subsequently, there has been a push towards evaluating said risks through the use of actuarial assessment tools. Research has shown that with the rising reliance on actuarial assessment tools came the decrease in practitioner’s ability to rely on their professional judgement when conducting their work. However, there has been a gap identified in the literature. This gap pertains to how practitioners, particularly, probation officers perceive the impact of these actuarial tools on their work. This study aims to analyse how probation officers, within the province of Ontario, view the impact of actuarial assessment tools on their work. This study is guided by the theory of governmentality, as coined by Michel Foucault. In order to explore the impact of actuarial assessment tools on the practice of probation, seven semi-structured interviews were conducted with former probation officers. The perceptions varied and participants did not provide a unique and monolithic response; rather, the voices of all participants were shared to create a larger picture of how actuarial assessment tools impact the work of practitioners in the practice of probation.

Determining the root uptake of xenobiotic organic chemicals into plants is critical for assessing the human and ecological health risks associated with the consumption of plants growing in contaminated environments. Root uptake of xenobiotic organics occurs passively in conjunction with transpiration and the transport from root to shoot is ultimately controlled by passage through one or more lipid root membranes. The transpiration stream concentration factor (TSCF), the ratio between the concentration of a chemical in the xylem to that in the solution used by the roots, is used to describe the relative ability of an organic chemical to be passively transported from root to shoot. However, relatively few experimental TSCF values exist due to the cost and the lack of regulatory requirements for generating such data. Where literature data exist for chemicals having more than one TSCF, the variability is often large due to the lack of standardized methods and difficulty in accounting for metabolism and volatilization losses occurring during the uptake experiments. Because of the scarcity of experimental values, estimated TSCFs are often used. Widely cited estimation approaches relating TSCF and the logarithm octanol/water partition coefficient (log KOW) suggest that only compounds that are in the intermediate lipophilicity range (log KOW = 2) will be taken up and translocated by plants. However, recent data for highly water soluble compounds such as 1,4-dioxane, MTBE, and sulfolane suggest that these estimation techniques should be critically reviewed. To re-evaluate the relationship between TSCF and log Kow, TSCFs were measured for 25 organic chemicals ranging in log KOW from -0.8 to 5 using an improved pressure chamber technique. The technique provides an approach for efficiently generating consistent plant uptake data. By using this data, a new mass transfer model relating TSCF and log KOW was developed that indicates that neutral, polar organic compounds are most likely taken up by plant roots and translocated to shoot tissue. An extensive review of literature TSCF studies supports the updated model.

Magister Pharmaceuticae - MPharm / Background: Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is reported to be the leading cause of death in hospitalised patients worldwide. Thromboprophylaxis provides a well-established and evidence-based approach to preventing VTE. This approach employs individualised patient risk stratification followed by the provision of pharmacological and/or non-pharmacological prophylaxis. Although various VTE risk assessment models (RAMs) are available, the Caprini RAM offers an objective, evidence-based and validated approach to risk assessment in hospitalised medical patients. Literature findings are indicative of a trend towards both under- and inappropriate VTE prophylaxis prescribing in this patient population. Together with the reported lack of medical practitioner appreciation for VTE risk assessment, the necessity to explore these aspects of practice is evident. Methods: This study used a retrospective, cross-sectional study design. It was conducted at one regional- and two district-level public hospitals in the Cape Town Metropole in the Western Cape province of South Africa. Medical folders of all adult hospitalised medical patients who were admitted to a general medical ward between January and July 2020 were retrospectively reviewed using a uniquely designed data collection tool. The data collection tool included the 2013 version of the Caprini RAM, which was employed to document VTE risk factors and assess overall VTE risk. Thromboprophylaxis regimens prescribed as well as contraindications to pharmacological thromboprophylaxis were also reviewed

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(医学) / 甲第20053号 / 医博第4161号 / 新制||医||1018(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院医学研究科医学専攻 / (主査)教授 古川 壽亮, 教授 佐藤 俊哉, 教授 村井 俊哉 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Medical Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

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