Lam, Yee Man. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2013. / Includes bibliographical references. / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstracts also in Chinese.

Risk and needs assessments are actuarial based instruments that aim to evaluate an (1) offender’s risks including the risk of reoffending, (2) criminogenic needs so they can be targeted in treatment and (3) offender responsivity inclusive of the learning style, motivation, abilities and strengths of the offender (Andrews, Bonta and Wormith, 2011, 735). Since 2006, looking to Western nations as exemplars, the HK Security Bureau’s policy initiatives have introduced a Risk and Needs Assessment Protocol for all local young offenders, and local adult offenders with sentences of two years and above. But one has to question how the policy transfer applies here in Hong Kong. What can Hong Kong’s criminal justice policy makers and practitioners adapt from research conducted in Canada and the United States? Is there anything HK officials can learn from other jurisdictions, both in terms of experiences implementing risk needs tools and the wider socio-cultural context under which such implementation takes place? This study has provided some preliminary answers to these questions through critical analysis and expert interviews. Subsequent analysis on the definition of risk and need under the HK CSD’s protocol outlined a further need for a definition of the responsivity principle. Concerns over the content of responsivity enhancement programs along with its effects on the voluntary participation of young offenders were also discussed in this analysis. Since the initial consultancy was commissioned by the CSD in 2002 to empirically develop and refine the protocol, a follow up study was much needed to suggest improvements. This study has served to fulfill this goal by suggesting improvements in addressing class, gender and racial disparity along with suggestions on operational excellence. Specifically, interviews with leading Canadian risk assessment experts including criminologists and practitioners highlighted four main challenges and three main lessons for HK CSD to examine (p. 57-58). Interviews with Hong Kong risk/needs assessment experts including criminologist and HK CSD practitioners help provide clarification on the risk/need assessment process and how rehabilitative programs operate. Additional analysis on the risk/need assessment instrument used in Hong Kong along with an examination of the questions used by assessors was subsequently conducted. The result challenges the CSD’s Risks and Needs Assessment and Management Protocol for Offenders as a “scientific and evidence based approach to prison management and offender rehabilitation” (CSD Booklet, 201, 3). This conclusion is based on the many social assumptions made on offenders found in the assessment tool and ambiguous design of questions used to evaluate criminogenic need. / published_or_final_version / Criminology / Master / Master of Social Sciences

published_or_final_version / Urban Planning / Master / Master of Science in Urban Planning

by Choi Wai-Kin, Siu Chi-Ming. / Thesis (M.B.A.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1992. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 67-71). / TABLE OF CONTENTS / LIST OF TABLES / LIST OF FIGURES / ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS / ABSTRACT / Chapter / Chapter I. --- INTRODUCTION / Chapter 1.1 --- Need for the study --- p.1 / Chapter II. --- LITERATURE REVIEW / Chapter 2.1 --- Brand extension --- p.6 / Chapter 2.2 --- Process of categorization --- p.7 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- Category structure --- p.7 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- Graded structure --- p.8 / Chapter 2.2.3 --- Brand breadth --- p.8 / Chapter 2.2.4 --- Effect of brand breadth on perceived typicality --- p.9 / Chapter 2.3 --- Piecemeal evaluation process --- p.10 / Chapter 2.4 --- Bases for the evaluations of goodness of fit --- p.12 / Chapter III. --- CONCEPT DEVELOPMENT --- p.16 / Chapter 3.1 --- Formulation of the perceived risk model --- p.16 / Chapter 3.1.1 --- The components of perceived risk --- p.16 / Chapter 3.1.2 --- The facets of perceived risk --- p.17 / Chapter 3.1.3 --- Discussion --- p.18 / Chapter 3.2 --- Formulation of risk perception --- p.20 / Chapter IV. --- METHODOLOGY --- p.25 / Chapter 4.1 --- Overview --- p.25 / Chapter 4.2 --- Phase I: qualitative research --- p.25 / Chapter 4.3 --- Phase II: quantitative research --- p.26 / Chapter 4.4 --- Subjects and Procedures --- p.27 / Chapter 4.4.1 --- Phase I --- p.27 / Chapter 4.4.2 --- Phase II --- p.28 / Chapter V. --- HIGHLIGHTS OF FINDING FROM PHASE I --- p.30 / Chapter VI. --- HIGHLIGHTS OF FINDING FROM PHASE II --- p.32 / Chapter 6.1 --- Data Analysis --- p.32 / Chapter 6.2 --- Regression Analysis --- p.33 / Chapter 6.3 --- Empirical results and discussion --- p.35 / Chapter 6.3.1 --- Product extensions of high perceived technology brand --- p.35 / Chapter 6.3.2 --- Product extensions of low perceived technology brand --- p.44 / Chapter VII. --- IMPLICATIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS --- p.52 / Chapter 7.1 --- Implications --- p.52 / Chapter 7.2 --- Recommendations --- p.55 / Chapter 7.2.1 --- Type I extension --- p.55 / Chapter 7.2.2 --- Type II extension --- p.57 / Chapter 7.2.3 --- Type III extension --- p.58 / Chapter 7.2.4 --- Type IV extension --- p.59 / Chapter VIII. --- LIMITATIONS --- p.61 / Chapter IX. --- CONCLUSION --- p.63 / Chapter X. --- SUGGESTION FOR FUTURE RESEARCH --- p.65 / Appendices / Bibliography / Chapter Appendix 1 --- Operational Definitions / Chapter Appendix 2 --- Questionnaire

by Young Yee-hoi, Kitty. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1992. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 194-210). / ABSTRACT --- p.ii / ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS --- p.x / TABLE OF CONTENTS --- p.xiii / LIST OF TABLES --- p.xvi / LIST OF FIGURES --- p.xix / LIST OF APPENDICES --- p.xx / CHAPTER / Chapter I. --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1 / Historical Background --- p.4 / The Situation in Hong Kong --- p.6 / Effects on Hong Kong --- p.9 / Financial Instability --- p.9 / Brain Drain --- p.10 / Exodus of Firms --- p.12 / Relocation of Manufacturing Plants --- p.14 / "Diplomatic Relations: China, Britain and Hong Kong" --- p.15 / Confidence in Local Government --- p.16 / Change in Government Policy --- p.16 / Level of Overseas Investment --- p.17 / Studies on Political Risk in Hong Kong --- p.21 / Chapter II. --- LITERATURE REVIEW --- p.25 / Political Risk --- p.25 / Characteristics of Political Risk --- p.29 / Interpretations of Political Risk --- p.32 / Political Risk Indicators --- p.33 / Effects of Political Risk --- p.42 / Profit --- p.42 / Operations of the Firm --- p.43 / Financial Status of the Firm --- p.45 / Transferability of Assets --- p.45 / Revenue --- p.46 / Expropriation and Confiscation of the Firm --- p.47 / Policy and Strategy of the Firm --- p.47 / Dealing With Political Risk --- p.49 / Maximization of Short-term Profits --- p.49 / Minimization of Capital Commitment --- p.52 / Increase of Global Flexibilities --- p.54 / Adapt to Local Requests --- p.56 / Changing the Environment --- p.56 / Transferring the Risk --- p.58 / Divesting --- p.58 / Prospect Theory --- p.60 / Previous Studies --- p.64 / Previous Business-related Studies on Prospects Theory --- p.65 / Application of Prospect Theory in Business --- p.69 / Chapter III. --- RESEARCH DESIGN --- p.71 / Purpose of the Study --- p.71 / Scope of Study --- p.76 / Conceptual Model --- p.79 / General Introduction --- p.79 / Perception of Political Risk --- p.83 / Reference Point --- p.86 / Risk Handling Strategies --- p.87 / Company and Personal Characteristics --- p.88 / Operationalization of the Major Constructs --- p.89 / Assessment of Political Risk --- p.89 / Political Risk Handling Methods --- p.90 / Reference Point --- p.91 / Moderators: Company and Individual Characteristics --- p.94 / Hypothesis --- p.95 / Risk Handling Strategies --- p.95 / Role of the Moderators --- p.102 / Development of the Questionnaire --- p.104 / Survey Design --- p.107 / Chapter IV. --- DATA ANALYSIS --- p.110 / General Description --- p.110 / Company and Individual Characteristics --- p.111 / Assessment of Political Risk --- p.115 / Political Risk Handling Strategies --- p.120 / Reference Point --- p.125 / Data Analysis --- p.126 / Method of Analysis --- p.130 / Findings --- p.133 / Political Risk Assessment --- p.133 / Prospect Theory --- p.135 / Political Risk Assessment and Reference Point --- p.136 / Relating Strategies and Political Risk Assessment --- p.140 / Effects of Moderating Variables on Strategies --- p.150 / Implications --- p.175 / Prospect Theory --- p.175 / Political Risk Studies --- p.179 / Implications for Headquarters --- p.183 / Chapter V. --- CONCLUSION --- p.187 / Prospect Theory --- p.187 / Applying Prospect Theory in Business Strategies --- p.189 / Value to Theorists --- p.190 / Value to Management --- p.191 / BIBLIOGRAPHY --- p.194 / APPENDICES --- p.211

Wong Man Kit. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2002. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 118-121). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Abstract --- p.i / Acknowledgement --- p.iv / Table of Contents --- p.v / List of Tables --- p.viii / List of Figures --- p.x / List of Appendices --- p.x / Chapter Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter Chapter 2 --- Literature Review --- p.6 / Chapter 2.1 --- Performance of Value Strategy in Stock Markets over The World --- p.7 / Chapter 2.2 --- Possible Explanations for Superior Return of Value Stocks --- p.11 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- Sampling Biases --- p.11 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- Risk Factors --- p.13 / Chapter 2.2.3 --- Expectation Error Hypothesis --- p.15 / Chapter 2.3 --- Studies for Value Strategy in Hong Kong --- p.20 / Chapter Chapter 3 --- Data and Methodology --- p.23 / Chapter 3.1 --- Methodology of Expectation Error Hypothesis --- p.23 / Chapter 3.1.1 --- Earnings Announcement Returns --- p.23 / Chapter 3.1.2 --- Past and Future Earnings Growth Rates of Stocks --- p.26 / Chapter 3.2 --- Data Source --- p.29 / Chapter 3.3 --- Portfolio Formation --- p.30 / Chapter 3.4 --- Variable Calculation Method --- p.31 / Chapter 3.4.1 --- Annual Buy and Hold Returns --- p.31 / Chapter 3.4.2 --- Earnings Announcement Returns --- p.32 / Chapter 3.4.3 --- Earnings Growth Rate of Portfolios --- p.33 / Chapter Chapter 4 --- Interpretation of Results --- p.34 / Chapter 4.1 --- Annual Buy and Hold Returns of Portfolios --- p.36 / Chapter 4.1.1 --- Annual Returns of Portfolios Sorted by B/M Ratio --- p.36 / Chapter 4.1.2 --- Annual Returns of Portfolios Sorted by E/P Ratio --- p.37 / Chapter 4.1.3 --- Analysis of Performance on Return Differences between Two Ratios --- p.38 / Chapter 4.2 --- Earnings Announcement Returns for Value and Glamour Portfolios --- p.41 / Chapter 4.2.1 --- 3-day Event Returns --- p.41 / Chapter 4.2.2 --- "B/M Ratio: 5,7,9 & 11 Days Event Returns" --- p.43 / Chapter 4.2.3 --- "E/P Ratio: 5,7,9 & 11 Days Event Returns" --- p.46 / Chapter 4.3 --- Past and Future Earnings Growths of Portfolios --- p.49 / Chapter 4.3.1 --- "Fundamental Variables, Prior and Post Returns of Portfolios" --- p.50 / Chapter 4.3.2 --- Earnings Performance of Portfolios --- p.51 / Chapter 4.3.3 --- Factors Affect Investor Expectation --- p.56 / Chapter Chapter 5 --- Conclusion --- p.59 / Tables --- p.64 / Figures --- p.76 / Appendices --- p.82 / References --- p.118