The purpose with this research was to find out what advantages and/ or disadvantages there might be as playing the role as a lecture. In everyday life we give eachother different roles. During the last years the lecture has become a current and outstanding role. This has made me more curious about the lectures´ thoughts about there role. In this work I have tried to explore about the lecture playing the role. I have questioned if the lecture really is playing a role and if so what the effects of that would be. To analyse my material I have used roletheory. The method I have used is depth interviews. My inteviewgroup contains of 6 persons, 3 men and 3 women. They all have got different educations. The result of my research shows that the lectures are playing roles and there are more advantages than disadvantages. The advantages by playing a role could be for instance to strengthen the message. It is easier to create dramatic and excitement and getting the audience listen to you when you are playing a role as a lecture. The disadvantages by playing a role tend to be that the lecture might loose his or her credibility. Playing a role as a lecture could also mislead the lecture and make him or her powerless.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the willingness of people to consider nontraditional sex roles, and to determine whether males and females were more prone to consider nontraditional sex roles when the person attempting to influence them was male or female. It was hypothesized that individuals can be influenced to consider nontraditional sex roles, and that male presenters would have greater impact than female presenters. It was also hypothesized that male presenters would be perceived as more credible and more adequate.The subjects were 93 undergraduate students, 42 males and 51 females, who volunteered to participate in the study, and were told that they would be "helping us to evaluate what and who should be included in a presentation for a national convention as well as a seminar on campus." They were divided into two groups on the basis of sex and then were randomly assigned to one of three conditions: one of two female speakers, one of two male speakers, and the control or music group.Subjects were given written explanations of the "project'' and written background information about the audiotapes to which they listened. Treatment groups listened to a tape containing either a male or a female advocating nontraditional sex roles while control subjects listened to a tape of music. After listening to the tapes, the treatment subjects responded to two semantic differential instruments (Quality of Presentation, and Person), and a generalized reaction questionnaire (which was essentially part of the deception). They then responded (by raising their hands to indicate yes or no) to three verbal questions concerning their commitment to their attitudes. They were then administered the final questionnaire, the Attitudes Toward Women Scale (AWS).After listening to the tape of music, the control subjects completed one semantic differential instrument (Quality of Performance), a generalized reaction questionnaire, and the AWS. They were given no verbal questions. All of the subjects were immediately debriefed together.Three analyses of variance and a series of univariate contrasts were performed on the primary dependent measure, the AWS, with significance being sought at the .05 level. Results indicated that the treatment was not effective. However, female subjects scored significantly higher (more liberal) than male subjects (F = 23.77, p < .001), and the male presenters as a group were more effective than the female presenters (F = 4.18, p < .05), and by extrapolation, more effective than the control condition.Multivariate analyses of variance and multivariate contrasts were performed on the secondary dependent measures, the semantic differential instruments (which were equally divided into three factors: activity, evaluation, and potency). There were no significant differences in the ratings given to male and female presenters. There was, however, a significant difference between the two female presenters on the activity factor (F = 8.49, p < .05). In addition, it appears that female subjects rated the presenters significantly higher (F = 7.29, p G .05) on the activity factor than did male subjects, and by contrast, male subjects gave higher ratings (F = 6.91, p < .05) on the evaluation factor than did female subjects.Two secondary analyses were performed on supplemental data that had been collected. The first analysis indicated that subjects' scores on the AWS were significantly correlated (r = -.1828, p < .05) with how close they said the presenters' views were to their own. The closer they perceived the views to be, the higher their AWS score. In the second analysis the subjects' answersto the three public commitment questions were compared with (1) the sex of the subjects, and (2) the individual presenters. There was a significant difference in the subsects' desires to meet the various speakers (X2 = 11.412, p < .05), emphasizing earlier trends indicating differences among the individual presenters.The recommendation was made for additional research in the area of influencing people to consider more flexible, nontraditional sex roles, and how responses are affected by the gender of the people involved. Investigations using a larger number of presenters, and more impactfully devised modes of treatment were suggested.

This study concludes what kind of ability should a HR account service have and the roles who should take. We verify the impact of a HR account service through strategic involvement and satisfaction of internal customer service. The study is proceeding by interview and questionnaire, the target sample is the enterprise which had implemented the system of the HR account service. 94 dyad questionnaires were issued, and 41 ones returned and were all valid. The study summarized the ability and the role of HR account service by factor analysis which using statistical analysis, regression, ANOVA analysis and T test. We researched if the strategic involvement and satisfaction of internal customer service different by the role of the HR account service take, and try to explain the different. After qualitative and quantitative analysis, we got the conclusions as follows: 1.HR account service should have management function, sales person demeanor and professional experience in HR; and the role should be the facilitator for the sector, strategic planners and problem solvers. 2.The strategic involvement, the HR account service plays a "problem solver" when non-significant positive relationship, but plays a "strategic planners" and "sector facilitator" when non-significant negative relationship. In the regression analysis, the supervisor of human resource account officer who with support functions didn¡¦t involve these tree roles much. 3.The correlation analysis, the HR account service of three roles presents non-significant negative relationship with customer service satisfaction. In consideration of the function of supervisor and the HR account service position, the account with three functions had significant impact to customer service satisfaction, the "sector facilitator¡¨ is the most significant one.

Review of the literature, leader member exchange theory (LMX) has an impact on organizational citizenship behavior (OCB); however, previous studies maily focus on single level exchange relationship, from a practical point of view, this issue should be involved in multi-level exchange relationship, and leader¡¦s group prototypicality may become an important factor to influence organizational citizenship behavior. This research tries to discuss different levels LMX in organization, one is the relationship between direct leader and subordinate(LMX1), the other is between department leader and subordinate(LMX2). Since LMX not only has an effect on subordinates¡¦ OCB but also role performance which regarding OCB as an extra role behaviors, this study try to explore the relationship between LMX and subordinate¡¦s role performance, and used multi-level leader-leader exchange theory (LLX) and leader¡¦s group prototypicality as moderating effects. In order to avoid common method variance, this study collected questionnaires from different sources which including 70 supervisors and 210 subordinates. Due to the multi-level research framework, this research used SPSS and HLM as analysis tool. The results show that LMX1 has a positive effect on role performance as predicted. Moderating effects in the research are partially supported. The better exchange quality of LLX, the more significant of subordinates¡¦ organization citizenship behavior toward individuals (OCBI) will appear; moreover, the higher direct leader¡¦s group prototypicality is, the more significant subordinate¡¦s in role behavior will be. However, LMX2 has positive effect on role performance is not supported. This study accordingly has some managerial implications and recommendations for future research reference.

As the rises of the market and industry cluster of China, the importance of the Taiwan¡¦s cluster effect to multinational corporations¡]MNCs¡^will have the changes. And the changes of cluster effect between Taiwan and China have had the impact on MNC Taiwan subsidiary¡¦s role. This thesis focuses of the cluster effect between Taiwan and China that changes the MNC¡¦s Taiwan subsidiary¡¦s role. With regard to the factors affecting cluster of industries, previous studies have based mainly on Porter¡¦s Diamond Model, which includes factor conditions, demand conditions, related and supporting industries and firm strategy, structure and rivalry. Besides, according to the series research by Birkinshaw, the HQ assignment and the subsidiary¡¦s behavior will also have the impact on subsidiary¡¦s role. This thesis will study the changes between these three dimensions and MNC¡¦s Taiwan subsidiary¡¦s role. This thesis uses the case study in order to support the formation of research structure and hypothesis, which also survey to collect data. The population is the list of foreign enterprises in Taiwan published by Dun and Bradstreet, 2000. The subsidiaries belong to manufacturing industry and service industry. The subsidiaries are owned by foreign MNC which must operate over one year in Taiwan. We use multi-regression to examine the relationships between the dependent variables and the changes of MNC Taiwan subsidiary¡¦s role. After analyzing 60 MNC¡¦s Taiwan subsidiaries, the results reveal that HQ assignment, the subsidiary¡¦s initiative behavior and the changes of cluster effect between Taiwan and China will have the influence on MNC¡¦s Taiwan subsidiaries¡¦ roles. Therefore, these dissertation results respond to Birkinshaw¡¦s perspective. The subsidiary behavior is simultaneously influenced by HQ, subsidiary and local environment.

The determinants of multinational corporation subsidiaries' role and evolution--An empirical study of MNC subsidiary in Taiwan.My paper contains five companies to study the subsidiaries' strategic role and evolution.

This study examined the role of the superintendent as it is perceived by school administrators and school board presidents. The study was limited to public schools in Texas located within Region 20 ESC. Responses to a Likert-type instrument were solicited from school board presidents, superintendents and other school administrators (n=163). The questionnaire generated data regarding perceptions toward the role of the superintendent in nine different domains containing 38 different criteria. Results from an ANOVA showed no significant difference at the alpha level of .05. Sidak post-hoc tests were run as well, but because the ANOVA did not reveal any significant difference, the post-hoc data was not presented. The primary conclusion drawn from this study was that the perceived conflict in the literature that exists between boards and superintendents that is prevalent enough to cause a superintendent to leave a district, was not brought to light in this study. Board presidents, superintendents and other school administrators all appear to have the same perceptions regarding the role of the superintendent. This questionnaire did not reveal the source of conflict. However, the data revealed that board presidents, superintendents and other school administrators see the superintendent’s role in the same way. The findings from this research may indicate that as a result of extensive board training, there may be improved respect and communication between the board, superintendents, and other school administrators. Recommendations include, among others: 1. Research into the development of an instrument that examines a more reflective relationship between the board and superintendent dealing with the aspects of personality, character, prejudices and attitudes. 2. Through the legal process, to increase the length of a term for board members from the current three-year term to at least five years. 3. Through the legal process, modify the Open Meetings Act to allow boards the freedom to conduct self-evaluations and “board performance” issues behind closed doors. This would eliminate the perception of the board “airing dirty laundry” in public.

A typical Chinese intellectual has not only sense, but also sensibility. But, the problem is the balance in between. After dealing with sensibility well, the rationality of an intellectual is able to work well. And that makes the life completely. In this dimension, the Chinese intellectuals are a special community in Chinese society. It has great influence on cultural, political, economical, and societal changes in every historical stage. Especially, it affects the Chinese modernization process. Therefore, questions about Chinese intellectuals are becoming a focus to academic circles around the world. However, to Chinese Communist Party (CCP), intellectuals are nothing more than hangdogs. Besides, in CCP, those who take charge in the end are the Peripheries in the old society. Somehow, Chinese intellectuals walk on a continuous marginalizing way. CCP`s policy toward the intellectuals can be divided into two parts, and they are Before and After the Establishment of People`s Republic China, and former could be also named WWII or War against Japan phase. The policy in former stage focused on three contradictions: 1. Partiality versus Humanity; 2. Dogma versus Academy; 3. Democracy versus Enslavement. And its practices are: 1. Political discrimination; 2. Pullback on work; 3. Carelessness on life. The CCP used some ways like lines struggle, self- and public-criticism, innuendo-criticism, verbal and violent struggle, etc, to reach its goal. From viewpoints of Materialism and class, the CCP thought that knowledge should serve proletariat and must be combined with labor, and two principles should be held firmly: 1. every move of CCP should be connected with mass; 2. the goal of central CCP leadership. In the second stage, CCP planed some principles for coming communism society, and these principles tried to overturn old relation of production, to replace private ownership, to ruin ruling class and class itself, and to erase division of labor based on private ownership. CCP tried to let everyone have full development and real freedom. So, policies they adopted like hundred flower blossom and a hundred schools of thought contend, Struggle-criticism-transformation policy during Cultural Revolution, Policy after Lin Biao Incident, Policy after collapse of Gang of Four, etc. 21st century is an age of Knowledge-based Economy, and intellectuals play a more important role in this century. And in this age, everyone must have some practice and experience to find the true meaning of life, and the target worth for fighting. In the future, those who do not advance, go backward and who goes back goes under.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Texas at Austin, 2000. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 294-307). Available also in a digital version from Dissertation Abstracts.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Open University. BLDSC no. D51549/84.