Our experiment is aimed at understanding how employee reactions to negative feedback are received by the feedback provider and how employee gender may play a role in the process. We focus specifically on the act of crying and, based on role congruity theory, argue that a male employee crying in response to negative performance feedback will be seen as atypical behavior by the feedback provider, which will bias evaluations of the employee on a number of different outcome variables, including performance evaluations, assessments of leadership capability, and written recommendations. That is, we expect an interactive effect between gender and crying on our outcomes, an effect that will be mediated by perceived typicality. We find support for our moderated mediation model in a sample of 169 adults, indicating that men who cry in response to negative performance feedback will experience biased evaluations from the feedback provider. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.

The aim of this study is to illustrate and analyze the future visions of museums and what the future visitor of museums will be. This will be done through a discourse analysis supplemented with interviews with persons involved in the museum field. The questions at issue are how the future of museums is discussed, expressed, and described in the future visions of the for this study chosen museum actors. Furthermore this study will look into what role the visitor of museums is going to take in the future of museums. It will also study how museums should conduct themselves to the visitor of future museums. And finally, what do future museums seek to achieve in the future? Museums of today are reaching out towards their visitors and hence the museums have gone from being storage for cultural heritage to become active learning environments for the people. Museums seek to achieve a sustainable future in the social-, environmental-, and economical area. Diversity should also be developed within the activities of the museums, both when it comes to qualifications and to work for development in society as a whole. Knowledge of the Swedish society and its history are likely to play a great role in the future of museums seeing that museums can be looked upon as an institution of knowledge. In this respect the cooperation with universities and colleges are of great importance since it gives an increased credibility for the visitor both when it comes to knowledge and research, as well as democracy and diversity. In this time of change lies also the change in the role of the visitor. The future visitor of museums will no longer play the passive part of the listener and recipient of information. The future visitor will play a more active role in the process and product of the museums. This change is in part a result of the digital technology that today is a great part of people’s lives. Museums develop the individual visitor’s motivation and involvement in the community as a bridge between the past, the present and a future.

The problem of this study was an investigation of some dimensions of leadership behavior of Texas school superintendents as perceived by themselves and as perceived by their staffs.

RESUMÉ The topic of this thesis is the issue of two roles - a role of a teacher and a parent. The goal of the thesis is to research the main key features arising from the issue of the conflict of dual role of a parent and a teacher at the same time. The empirical part of the thesis tries to outline problems which the parents, or let me say, teachers experience in the home and school environment based on the fact that their child or children attend the same school where they themselves work as teachers. Furthermore, the thesis deals with their experience regarding the representation of these two roles in relation to their own family. The data analysis also tries to point out the advantages and disadvantages of the teacher job and also the advantages and disadvantages of the intermingled role of a teacher and a parent. The thesis presented here is written on the basis of the qualitative method of data obtaining and processing. The method of interview analysis is used as well. Statements of four women and four men, woman teachers and man teachers in the secondary school whose children also attended this particular school have been analyzed.

This is a sociological essay made by Johanna Friman. ”When it comes to sex” purpose is to understand the relation between individuals with intellectual disabilities sexuality (IID) and the  role adaption of staff members at group homes. The purpose is also to understand the meaning of attitudes in relation to role adaption and how staff members cooperation affect these roles. For the current essay I have used the dramaturgy perspective as a tool for the understanding of staff members role adoption. To understand the meaning of the sexuality amongst IID and as a completion to the dramaturgy perspective I have used the theory of sexual script as an implement. These theories has allowed me to understand role adaption in relation to sex and intimacy. The method that’s been used to gather information for the empirical material is mainly interviews. Observations has also been made mainly in purpose to get a deeper knowledge for the interpretation of the material from the interviews. The results of the study shows that staff members take on three different kinds of roles. The supportive role rises when the purpose is to support the sexuality of IID. The protective role rises when the purpose is to reduce sexual behaviour amongst IID to protect them. The last and third role is taken on by staff members when the purpose is to teach IID about acceptable sexual behavior.

Call number: LD2668 .T4 1958 M12

Master of Arts / Department of Economics / Florence Neymotin / Florence Neymotin / This report provides review of the existing literature on the role model effect in higher education and identifies the methodological and conceptual issues that have complicated the research program before discussing how research on similar areas may provide insight into the relationship between female students and female faculty members. By examining the related literature on the determinants of college major, peer effects, and critical mass theory, the existing studies of role model effect can be interpreted as support for a more specified theory of the role model effect in higher education that highlights the importance of the gender composition of the course or field of study.

No description available.

A research report submitted to the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Nursing Johannesburg, 2017 / The purpose of this study was to describe the role of specialist nurses in mechanical ventilation management. The intention of the study was also to make recommendations for clinical practice and education of intensive care nurses. The setting of the study was ten (n = 10) adult intensive care units of two public hospitals in the Gauteng province. Included were trauma ICUs, cardiothoracic ICU, coronary care ICUs, major burns ICU, major injuries ICU, neurosurgery ICU and multidisciplinary ICUs. A non-experimental, descriptive, quantitative and cross-sectional survey design was used to describe the specialist nurses role in ventilation management. The final sample comprised 110 (out of 165) respondents, which yielded a response rate of 66.6% for the study. Data were collected from specialist intensive care nurses using a validated questionnaire developed by Rose et al. (2011). Data was analysed using descriptive (frequencies, means and standard deviation) and comparative statistical tests using t-tests and Chi-square analysis. Testing was done at the 0.05 level of significance. Of the 165 surveys distributed, 110 were returned (response rate 66.6%). Ninety-seven percent stated that a 1:1 ratio was used for patients receiving mechanical ventilation. Eighty-nine percent reported ventilation education for nurses was provided during ICU orientation, and 86.4% indicated ICUs provided opportunities for on-going ventilation education. Eighty-six percent of nurses reported that they had not worked in ICUs with automated weaning modes. Fifty-nine percent stated that weaning protocols were present in ICUs, and 56.4% reported the presence of protocols for weaning failure. Most nurses agreed that nurses and doctors collaborated in key ventilation decisions, but not when decisions to extubate and initial ventilation settings are made. This study showed a marginal (2%) number of nursing autonomous input made in key ventilator decisions. Seventy percent of nurses in this study agreed that responsibility for ventilation decisions lies at the level of senior registrars and above, and in their absence, only senior nurses (>80%) were perceived to be responsible for key ventilator decisions. Regarding independent titrations of ventilator settings, without medical consultation, findings showed that nurses in this study reported a frequency of >50% of the time for titration of respiratory rate, tidal volume, decreasing pressure support, increasing pressure support, titration of inspiratory pressure and ventilation mode changes. The self-perceived nursing autonomy and influence in decision making revealed a median score of 7 out of 10 points, respectively. Nurses with higher levels of autonomy, influence in decision making and years of experience scores, frequently (>50% of the time) made independent changes to ventilation settings (p<0.05). Conversely, nurses with fewer years of experience scores, infrequently (<50% of the time) made independent changes to ventilation settings without first checking with the doctor. The study concludes that nurses to re-evaluate their role in ventilation management and focus on key ventilation settings, nurses could strengthen their contribution in the collaboration of key ventilator settings. Recommendations are made for clinical practice and education of specialist nurses. / MT2018

MPH, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 2009 / Introduction: There are high levels of dental caries, gingival and periodontal diseases and a lack of oral health awareness in the wider South African population. Thus every district’s oral health strategy must include disease prevention and health promotion approach. Oral hygienists are the main drivers of these services in the public sector. Aim: To determine the activities of oral hygienists in the public sector in Gauteng and KwaZulu – Natal provinces. Objectives: 1) To obtain the demographic profile of oral hygienists employed in Gauteng and KwaZulu -Natal provinces. 2) To determine their current duties, tasks and responsibilities. 3) To identify factors that may hinder the provision of services. Methods: This was a cross sectional descriptive study and data was collected by means of a self administered questionnaire that was hand delivered to all oral hygienists employed in Gauteng and in KwaZulu - Natal provinces in 2005. Results: Thirty two oral hygienists (78%) responded to the questionnaire, 94% of whom were female with an average age of 37 years. Twenty three (72%) were Black, 6 (19%) White, 2 (6%) Indian and 1 (3%) Coloured, with an average iv working experience of 10 years. Almost half (47%) were employed as chief, 16% as senior and 37% as junior oral hygienist. Almost all (94%) complained of poor salaries and 78% said that there were no opportunities for promotion. Oral hygienists performed both clinic-based and community-based services. The majority (95%) of the community-based services was preventive; the most common preventive services being rendered to the community was oral health education (84%), brushing programs (75%) and examination, charting and screening (69%). Seventy seven percent (77%) of clinic-based services included preventive procedures the most common being scaling and polishing or root planing (88%), examination and charting (84%) and oral hygiene instructions (75%). The majority of oral hygienists (94%) worked in the public sector to provide a service to the community. Seventy six percent (76%) had experiences that hindered the provision of services. Almost all (97%) wanted to study further, the main area of interest being the dental field. Conclusion: It is evident that the duties, tasks and responsibilities of oral hygienists in both KZN and GP include activities associated predominantly with the prevention and control of oral diseases and oral health promotion. In South Africa, a decline in oral diseases (dental caries and periodontal diseases) can be achieved by enhancing the use of oral hygienists in the public sector.