The increasing dependence upon Information Systems (IS) in the last few decades by businesses has resulted in many concerns regarding auditing. Traditional IS auditing has changed from auditing "around the computer" to a hands-on approach (auditing through and with the computer). Technology is changing rapidly and so is the profession of IS auditing. As IS auditing is dependent on Infonnation Technology (IT), it is essential that an IS auditor possesses IT and auditing knowledge to bridge the gap between the IT and auditing professions. The aim of the study is to: 1) define the roles and responsibilities expected from IS auditors, based on the different types of audit assignments and the steps involved in perfonning an IS audit assignment; 2) describe the basic IT and audit knowledge required from IS auditors based on the roles and responsibilities identified; 3) describe the soft skills required from IS auditors to successfully perfonn an IS audit assignment; 4) define the main types of IS audit tools and techniques used most often to assist IS auditors in executing IS audit roles and responsibilities; and 5) establish an IS auditor's profile based on the 4 characteristics defined above / Computing / M.Sc.

The increasing dependence upon Information Systems (IS) in the last few decades by businesses has resulted in many concerns regarding auditing. Traditional IS auditing has changed from auditing "around the computer" to a hands-on approach (auditing through and with the computer). Technology is changing rapidly and so is the profession of IS auditing. As IS auditing is dependent on Infonnation Technology (IT), it is essential that an IS auditor possesses IT and auditing knowledge to bridge the gap between the IT and auditing professions. The aim of the study is to: 1) define the roles and responsibilities expected from IS auditors, based on the different types of audit assignments and the steps involved in perfonning an IS audit assignment; 2) describe the basic IT and audit knowledge required from IS auditors based on the roles and responsibilities identified; 3) describe the soft skills required from IS auditors to successfully perfonn an IS audit assignment; 4) define the main types of IS audit tools and techniques used most often to assist IS auditors in executing IS audit roles and responsibilities; and 5) establish an IS auditor's profile based on the 4 characteristics defined above / Computing / M.Sc.

Context. Industry is moving from co-located form of development to a distributed development in order to achieve different benefits such as cost reduction, access to skillful labor and around the clock working etc. This transfer requires industry to face different challenges such as communication, coordination and monitoring problems. Risk of project failure can be increased, if industry does not address these problems. This thesis is about providing the solutions of these problems in term of effective roles and responsibilities that may have positive impact on GSD team. Objectives. In this study we have developed framework for suggesting roles and responsibilities for GSD team. This framework consists of problems and casual dependencies between them which are related to team’s ineffectiveness, then suggestions in terms of roles and responsibilities have been presented in order to have an effective team in GSD. This framework, further, has been validated in industry through a survey that determines which are the effective roles and responsibilities in GSD. Methods. We have two research methods in this study 1) systematic literature review and 2) survey. Complete protocol for planning, conducting and reporting the review as well as survey has been described in their respective sections in this thesis. A systematic review is used to develop the framework whereas survey is used for framework validation. We have done static validation of framework. Results. Through SLR, we have identified 30 problems, 33 chains of problems. We have identified 4 different roles and 40 different responsibilities to address these chains of problems. During the validation of the framework, we have validated the links between suggested roles and responsibilities and chains of problems. Addition to this, through survey, we have identified 20 suggestions that represents strong positive impact on chains of problems in GSD in relation to team’s effectiveness. Conclusions. We conclude that implementation of effective roles and responsibilities in GSD team to avoid different problems require considerable attention from researchers and practitioners which can guarantee team’s effectiveness. Implementation of proper roles and responsibilities has been mentioned as one of the successful strategies for increasing team’s effectiveness in the literature, but which particular roles and responsibilities should be implemented still need to be addressed. We also conclude that there must be basic responsibilities associated with any particular role. Moreover, we conclude that there is a need for further development and empirical validation of different frameworks for suggesting roles and responsibilities in full scale industry trials.

Sedan IT-bubblan sprack 2002 har marknaden nu börjat återhämta sig. Allt fler mindre organisationer investerar i IT igen. Detta gör att IT-konsulterna blir mer eftertraktade på marknaden. I takt med att IT-konsulternas ökade arbete och ökningen av de mindre företagens investeringar, ökar vikten av IT-konsulternas råd angående kommunikation, ansvarsfördelning och samordning som förmedlas till de små och medelstora företagen under investerings processen. Samtidigt presenterar dagens litteratur en mix av olika rekommendationer för hur organisationer bör hantera olika roller och dess ansvarsfördelning. Dessa teoretiska rekommendationer är både tydligt –och otydligt uttryckta av diverse författare. På grund av denna teoretiska kunskap, de små –och medelstora företagens (SME) ökade entreprenad av IT och vikten av en klar ansvarsfördelning vid IT-investeringar, har syftet med denna studie varit att undersöka vilka råd dagens IT-konsulter ger till SME i relation till de teoretiska riktlinjerna. Studien har sedan genomförts ur ett konsultperspektiv. Genom detta syfte har metoden för att samla in data varit personliga semistandardiserade intervjuer med 12 olika IT-konsulter i Jönköpings län riktade mot SME. För att vi skulle kunna utvinna en djup förståelse för dessa konsulters syn på roller och ansvarsfördelning har vi använt oss av en kvalitativ metod. Dessutom har vi haft en utforskande och jämförande ansats genom vår granskning av studie området och vår jämförelse av roller och ansvarsfördelning som först mellan alla IT-konsulter och sedan mellan IT-konsulternas kategoriserade synsätt och de identifierare teoretiska synsätten. En faktor som påverkar studiens tillvägagångssätt är den teoretiska studie som gjorts kring ämnet roller och ansvar vid IT-investeringar av Granehäll et al. (2005). Dessa författare presenterar tre olika teoretiska synsätt av roller och ansvarsfördelning vid applikationsinvesteringar. Vi fann dessa synsätt vara i behov av att kompletteras för att bli fullständiga och anpassade för små –och medelstora företag. Detta utgav grunden för den teoretiska del i denna studie och påverkat strukturen och presentationen av de teoretiska data som här presenteras. Efter en presentation av ytterligare teori om roller och ansvar och en utökning av de tidigare fastställda teoretiska synsätten, kunde vi i denna studie identifiera tre nya teoretiska synsätt fokuserade på roller och ansvar vid applikationsinvesteringar Den empirisk data som vi fått fram under studien av de olika medverkade IT-konsulterna presenteras var för sig. Detta har gjorts för att ökad förståelse och underlättad läsning. Under studien av roller och ansvar i applikationsinvesteringar och IT-konsulternas synsätt på roller och ansvar i SME applikationsinvesteringar har vi kommit fram till att teorins rekommendationer riktar sig mot företag i allmänhet, då oftast mot större företag, vilket gör att teorins rekommendationer till viss del skiljer sig från IT-konsulternas syn på roller och ansvarsfördelning. Vi såg även att IT-konsulterna presenterar olika råd angående roller och ansvar. Vi har därför haft möjlighet att kategorisera dessa olika råd till tre synsätt med olika fokus. / As the market now has begun to recover from the IT-crash in 2002, many smaller organisations are now starting to invest in IT again. This makes the IT-consultants more wanted on the market. In proportion to the increasing work of the IT-consultants and the increasing SME investments, the IT-consultants advices becomes more important regarding communication, responsibilities and collaboration, given to the Small and Medium sized Enter-prises (SME) in the time of their investment process. At the same time the theory presents a mix of recommendations for how roles and responsibility should be managed within the general organisation. These recommendations are clearly and vague expressed by different authors. Given this theoretical knowledge, the SME’s increasing outsourcing of IT-management and the importance of a clear structure of responsibilities in IT-investments, has the purpose of this study been to investigate in the advices the IT-consultants are communicating to SME in relation to the theoretical rec-ommendations. The study has then been accomplished through a consultant’s perspective. Due to the purpose this study has been accomplished by face-to-face semi-standardised interviews with 12 IT-consultants within the County of Jönköping directed towards SME in application investments. Given that we wanted to gain a deep understanding of these IT-consultants recommendations on roles and responsibilities we therefore used a qualitative method. Furthermore, we also used an explorative effort due to our purpose to scrutinise the research area and a comparative effort when comparing the IT-consultants views with each other and then comparing the categorised IT-consultants views to the theoretical views identified in this study. One factor influencing the mode of procedure is the theoretical study of roles and responsibilities made by Granehäll, Karlström and Uyanik (2005). These authors present three different views of roles and responsibilities in application investments. We found these views necessary to be further developed. This became the foundation of the theoretical data of roles and responsibilities in this study, setting the structure of the presentation of theoreti-cal data. After presenting the additional theory and adding it to the all ready known views, we were in this study able to identify three new theoretical views on roles and responsibilities fo-cused on different roles. The empirical data, established during this study, expressed by each participative IT-consultant is presented separately. This has been done to increase understanding and to facilitate the reading. During this study on roles and responsibilities in application investments and the IT-consultants view on roles and responsibilities in SME application investments we found that the theory is directed to organisations in general, with an undertone that specifies the direction towards larger organisations, causing the theory to recommend different roles of responsibilities than the IT-consultants actually are practising. The IT-consultants we found to present different advice regarding roles and responsibilities. We have therefore been able to categorise these different advices into three different views with different focus.

The purpose of this study was to explore and understand school-based teacher unionism by conducting an empirical analysis of the views and experiences of stakeholder groups in a Gauteng district. Participants saw the role of teacher unions at school level as being the protection of their members. Principals and SGB members and some SMT members thought school based unions protected teachers from being disciplined. Defending of teachers or members was seen as one of the most important roles of teacher unions. This was seen as important because it will ensure that the rights of teachers are not trampled upon especially by school principals. While school principals recognised the rights of union members to join union and the right of unions to organise in the schools they thought that they were unduly and wrongly defending bad teachers. This article also argues that principals were never adequately trained on how to manage union existence at schools. Most participants thought that the role, responsibility and right of teacher unions at school level could not be overlooked. However they still felt that this was emphasised over the rights of other stakeholder groups in the schools especially the learners. Principal and teacher participants, most notably SADTU members, expressed dissatisfaction with their union and did not seem to think that it plays a constructive role in schools. It is argued in this article that teachers’ unions play a role in schools and that this role is either positive or negative. This article is based on my research of school based teacher unionism in one Gauteng district. / Dissertation (MEd)--University of Pretoria, 2013. / Education Management and Policy Studies / unrestricted

The aim of the thesis is to define basic terms - evaluation, evaluation theory, responsibilities and the role of the director of the kindergarten, kindergarten director's evaluation as a tool for his/her development. The practical part is focused on describing the tension between ideas and practice in the evaluation of the directors of kindergartens in the Czech Republic. The theoretical part focuses on explanation of the term "evaluation" and includes description of various theories of evaluation and their classification using not only Czech but also foreign literature sources. At the same time the terms such as the director of the kindergarten, his/her responsibilities and roles including the specifics of the work of the director of the kindergarten are explained. The end of the theoretical part is devoted to the evaluation of the director of the kindergarten. The practical part describes the findings which relate to the evaluation of the director of the kindergarten from the Czech School Inspectorate perspective. The basic tools of the support of the directors are described including not only the ability for their usage, their strengths, but also barriers that prevent the use of these tools. Based on the research, there are described not only changes aimed at encouraging the directors of...

<p>Local government is arguably the most significant sphere of government to lay citizens, as it is the point of contact of citizens with their government. Local government enables a direct link between the general public and the basic services that they are entitled to by means of their constitutional and legislatively entrenched rights. It is the only sphere of government that allows and encourages face-to-face engagement between citizens and their governors, providing the necessary platform for interaction, contact and communication. It is imperative therefore that this tier of government operate optimally and competently, as it represents a reflection of the operation of government wholly. Research unfortunately illustrates that public perceptions of local government are negative, with levels of trust in local government being substantially lower than those in provincial and national governments. The responsibility for failure to perform would lie squarely on the shoulders of those individuals leading any institution. The leading incumbents driving a municipality are the political and administrative heads, i.e. executive mayor and municipal manager.</p>

<p>Local government is arguably the most significant sphere of government to lay citizens, as it is the point of contact of citizens with their government. Local government enables a direct link between the general public and the basic services that they are entitled to by means of their constitutional and legislatively entrenched rights. It is the only sphere of government that allows and encourages face-to-face engagement between citizens and their governors, providing the necessary platform for interaction, contact and communication. It is imperative therefore that this tier of government operate optimally and competently, as it represents a reflection of the operation of government wholly. Research unfortunately illustrates that public perceptions of local government are negative, with levels of trust in local government being substantially lower than those in provincial and national governments. The responsibility for failure to perform would lie squarely on the shoulders of those individuals leading any institution. The leading incumbents driving a municipality are the political and administrative heads, i.e. executive mayor and municipal manager.</p>

The focus of this case study inquiry was to explore the influence of school proprietors on the roles and responsibilities of the School Boards (SBs) in church-owned secondary schools in Maseru. The samples consisted of SBs chairpersons, school principals, parents’ representatives, and teachers’ representatives in the SBs and educational secretaries from three church-owned secondary schools. Interviews were used to collect data. The findings of this study revealed that the perceived roles of proprietors were to develop the learners holistically including religious values and morals. The SBs managed human resources, physical infrastructure, and school funds, and policy implementation. The relationship between proprietors and SBs was both positive and negative. The proprietors influenced SBs through promoting religious values and morals and by ensuring achievement of their academic goals. The proprietors’ sense of ownership and the desire for maintaining quality education motivated them to monitor the functions of SBs’ in their schools. / Educational Leadership and Management / M. Ed. (Education Management)

Magister Legum - LLM / Local government is arguably the most significant sphere of government to lay citizens, as it is the point of contact of citizens with their government. Local government enables a direct link between the general public and the basic services that they are entitled to by means of their constitutional and legislatively entrenched rights. It is the only sphere of government that allows and encourages face-to-face engagement between citizens and their governors, providing the necessary platform for interaction, contact and communication. It is imperative therefore that this tier of government operate optimally and competently, as it represents a reflection of the operation of government wholly. Research unfortunately illustrates that public perceptions of local government are negative, with levels of trust in local government being substantially lower than those in provincial and national governments. The responsibility for failure to perform would lie squarely on the shoulders of those individuals leading any institution. The leading incumbents driving a municipality are the political and administrative heads, i.e. executive mayor and municipal manager. / South Africa