Mémoire (M.Sc.A.)--Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 1991. / Document électronique également accessible en format PDF. CaQCU

Thesis (Specialist in School Psychology)--Eastern Illinois University, 2007. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 27-30).

This thesis explores arguments for Scottish Home Rule, and the place these arguments were given during elections. It also discusses the interactions between Scottish Home Rulers with other Home Rule movements within the United Kingdom as well as attempts to build international support in the colonies and United States. Finally it examines the cultural and scientific manifestations of nationalism and how they were embraced by a Home Rule movement which was eager to identify evidence for devolution. The position of Scottish Home Rule before the Great War was very complex. Although the Scottish Liberal Association adopted it as a policy as early as 1888 the most ardent of Scottish Home Rulers were continually disappointed by the failure of the Liberal Party’s leadership to commit to a time frame for introducing legislation. Despite this difficulty Scottish Home Rulers fought an uphill battle to keep the issue before the public through a significant body of pamphlets, journals, letters, and even in motions in the House of Commons. Between the second 1910 election and the Great War, the issue was kept in front of the Scottish Electorate and featured in almost all of the Liberal and Labour candidates’ campaigns during the fourteen by-elections which occurred during the period. Culturally new expressions of ‘Scottishness’ can be seen in the establishment of bodies such as the Royal Scottish Geographic Society, the Scottish Historical Review and the Scottish National Antarctic Expedition. When these Scottish institutions ran into conflict with larger bodies based in England, usually associated with funding, the question of Scotland’s relationship with the rest of the United Kingdom came into question. At these times nationalists within and without of these institutions could co-opt these concerns in order to further their appeals for greater Home Rule. Although Scottish Home Rule was never a dominant movement within Scottish politics before the war it did manage to find acceptance among a wide body of individuals and groups such as the Scottish Liberal Association, Young Scots’ Society, Convention of the Royal Burghs of Scotland, Highland Land League, Scottish Labour League and Scottish Liberal Women’s Association . This thesis will attempt to place Scottish Home Rule within the context of a time which saw the development of so many other great reforms and argue that although those who supported Scottish Home Rule did so for a variety of pragmatic reasons, the nationalistic ideology that Scotland should be governed by Scots, still found expression.

AN ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS OF Abdulaziz M. AlNowiser, for the Master of Science degree in Computer Science, presented on November 1, 2013, at Southern Illinois University Carbondale. TITLE: TOWARD ENERGY-EFFICIENT SCHEDULING USING WEIGHTED ROUND- ROBIN AND VM REUSE MAJOR PROFESSOR: Dr. Michelle M. Zhu In recent years, the rapid evolving Cloud Computing technologies multiply challenges such as minimizing power consumption and meeting Quality-of-Services (QoS) requirements in the presence of heavy workloads from a large number of users using shared computing resources. Powering a middle-sized data center normally consumes 80,000kW power every year and computer servers consume around .5% of the global power [1]. Statistics for 5000 production servers over a six-month period show that only 10-50% of the total capacity has been effectively used, and a large portion of the resources is actually wasted. In order to address the skyrocket energy cost from the high level resource management aspect, we propose an energy efficient job scheduling approach based on a modified version of Weighted Round Robin scheduler that incorporates VMs reuse and live VM migration without compromising the Service Level Agreement (SLA). The Weighted Round Robin scheduler can monitor the running VMs status for possible VM sharing for job consolidation or migration. In addition, the VMs utilization rate is observed to start live migration from the over-utilizing Processing Element (PE) to under-utilized PEs or to the hibernated PEs by sending WOL (Wake-On-LAN) signal to activate them. The simulation experiments are conducted under the CloudReports environment based on open source CloudSim simulator. The comparisons with other similar scheduling algorithms demonstrate that our enhanced Weighted Round Robin algorithm (EWRR) can achieve considerable better performance in terms of energy consumption and resource utilization rate.

This thesis presents a method of analyzing jazz improvisation and jazz style by using a voice-leading model called “Top Lines.” It compares three separate performances of Thelonious Monk’s “’Round Midnight” by Monk, Gerry Mulligan, and Wes Montgomery. The term Top Lines refers to a voice-leading procedure created by moving as little as possible between chords tones (roots, thirds, fifths, sevenths, and upper functions) of a chordal progression. Top Lines are potential voice-leading lines in the uppermost register and follow the “Law of the Shortest Way.” The thesis defines Top Lines, shows how they interconnect, and ultimately how the improvisor navigates through and manipulates them. Jazz harmony and improvisation have been explored by scholars such as Mark Levine (1989, 1995), Steve Larson (2005), Henry Martin (1988, 1996), and Steven Strunk (1996). Although many scholars deal with coherence and structure in the improvisation, their discussions focus on voice leading coherence and structure in improvisations, where this thesis differs is it provides a voice-leading model on a small scale within the improvisation itself. The model presented in this thesis raises the notion of describing jazz improvisation not simply as a motion from one chord tone to another, but instead as motion between voice leading Top Lines. These motions between Top Lines create coherence and motives—called “Particles”— in one’s improvisation. Particles ultimately demonstrate stylistic features in one’s improvisation, motivic connections, and coherence. The thesis concludes by describing how the Top Line model can be applied to jazz performance and jazz pedagogy. The thesis will be of interest to scholars of jazz theory, musicology, pedagogy, and jazz performance.

Dans le cadre des jets en impact, les géométries d'injecteur ont une influence importante sur les transferts de chaleur, en affectant le profil de vitesse du jet, ce qui peut modifier le comportement des structures tourbillonnaires. De plus, même si le nombre de Reynolds d'injection est le critère principal d'influence d'un jet, la taille de l'injection peut jouer sur les transferts au travers d'effets de compressibilité. Nos travaux ont donc porté sur l'étude expérimentale aérodynamique et thermique de l'impact de jets d'air.Vélocimétrie par images de particules (PIV) a été utilisée pour des mesures de vitesse.Pour des mesures thermiques, une méthode basée sur l'emploi simultané d'un film chauffant et de la thermographie infrarouge a été utilisée. Les résultats aérodynamiques sont utilisés pour expliquer les phénomènes thermiques observés. La première partie a permis d'étudier et de comparer six différentes géométries d'injecteur : injection ronde, en «croix» et en « pétales », perforées sur une surface plate et hémisphérique avec une même section de passage libre. Les résultats montrent que la surface hémisphérique amène à de meilleurs transferts de chaleur que la surface plate mais l'effet diminue progressivement avec l'augmentation de la distance d'impact. L'injection ronde sur hémisphère apporte le meilleur transfert de chaleur par rapport aux autres injections. La deuxième partie a permis d'examiner l'effet de la compressibilité des jets d'air en impact (pour des nombres de Mach allant jusqu'à 0.9). Les résultats montrent que l'effet de la compressibilité sur le nombre de Nusselt se limite à la région d'impact.ABSTRACT / In the context of an impinging jet, nozzle geometry markedly impacts heat transfer between jet and plate by affecting the velocity profile at the jet exit and thereby potentially modifying the behavior of the jet's vortex structures. Moreover, even if Reynolds number is the main influence criterion of a jet, the injection diameter can play on heat transfer through compressibility effects. Our work bas therefore focused on aerodynamic and thermal experimental study of impinging air jets. Particle image velocimetry (PIV) was used for velocity measurements. For thermal measurements, a method based on the simultaneous use of a heating film and the infrared thermography was used. Aerodynamic results are used to explain the observed thermal phenomena. The first part allowed us to study and compare six different injection geometries : round orifice, cross-shaped orifice and daisy orifice, perforated on fiat and hemispherical surface with the same free area. The results show that the hemispherical surface leads to better heat transfer than the flat surface, but the effect decreases progressively with jet-to-plate distance increasing.The round injection on hemisphere brings the best heat transfer in comparison with the other injections. The second part allowed us to examine the compressibility effect of impinging air jets (for Mach numbers up to 0.9). The results show that the effect of the compressibility on Nusselt number is limited to the stagnation region.

No description available.

In recent years, the development of multi-core CPUs and GPUs with many cores has taken precedence over an increase in clock frequency. Therefore, writing parallel programs for multi-core and many-core systems becomes increasingly important. Due to the lack of inherently parallel language features in most programming languages, today many programs are written sequentially and then enhanced with special pragmas or framework calls hinting parallelizable parts of code. This hints are then used to modify and extend the code with parallel constructs in a preprocessing step. If it is crucial to optimize the run time of a program, the code generated by this step has to be inspected an manually tuned. To keep the original and the transformed code artifacts synchronized, an editor with a round-trip engineering (RTE) system can be used. RTE propagates changes made in the source artifacts to the generated artifacts and vice versa. One tool that can be used to expand pragmas to parallelized source code is the invasive software composition framework SkAT. SkAT-based tools use reference attribute grammars (RAGs) to compose code fragments according to a composition program written in Java. To facilitate the creation of SkAT-based tools, a minimal composition system framework SkAT/Minimal on to of the SkAT core contains mechanisms to enable the incremental building of such tools. The principle of island parsing is employed to be able to express just as much of a language as is necessary for composition. In this work, composition systems based on SkAT/Minimal are targeted. The task is split into two parts: first, approaches for RTE are analyzed and a concept for a RTE system is created. The focus lies on the analysis of features and requirements of existing RTE approaches and a thorough investigation of all relevant steps required to implement such a system for SkAT/Minimal. The second part of the task is the creation and evaluation of a prototypical implementation of the system.:1 Introduction 1 1.1 Motivation 1 1.2 Scope 2 1.3 Contributions 2 1.4 Organization 2 2 Background 5 2.1 Fundamentals 6 2.1.1 Syntax Trees 6 2.1.2 Parsing and Unparsing 6 2.2 Attribute Grammars 9 2.2.1 Reference Attribute Grammars 10 2.2.2 Reference Attribute Grammars in SkAT 10 2.3 Composition Systems 12 2.3.1 Software Composition Systems 13 2.3.2 Invasive Software Composition 13 2.3.3 SkAT 15 2.3.4 Template-based Code Generation 16 2.4 Round-trip Engineering 17 2.4.1 Motivation For Round-trip Engineering 17 2.4.2 Concepts of RTE 18 3 Analysis of RTE Approaches 19 3.1 Automatic Round-trip Engineering 19 3.2 RTE In Aspect Weaving Systems 21 3.2.1 CST Graftings 21 3.2.2 Update Propagation in Aspect Weaving Systems 22 3.3 RTE in Invasive Software Composition Systems 23 3.3.1 Tracing Composition Program Execution 23 3.3.2 Backpropagation of Changes 24 3.3.3 Implementation in the Reuseware Framework 26 3.4 Managing Fragments in RTE 27 3.5 Evaluation of RTE Approaches 28 4 Tracing in SkAT 31 4.1 Requirements 31 4.1.1 Objectives 32 4.1.2 Functional and Nonfunctional Requirements 32 4.2 Concept 33 4.3 Implementation 34 5 Building an RTE-editor Prototype 37 5.1 Prerequisites 37 5.2 Requirements 39 5.3 Concept 40 5.3.1 AST Interface 41 5.3.2 Composer Interface 41 5.3.3 Generating the Output 41 5.3.4 The Prototype Skeleton 42 5.4 Implementation 43 6 Designing an RTE-editor 49 6.1 Replay 50 6.2 AST Modifications 50 6.2.1 Modification Types 51 6.2.2 Detecting Modification Types 52 6.3 Origin Inference 53 6.3.1 Inference for Updated Elements 53 6.3.2 Inference for Deleted Elements 54 6.3.3 Inference for Inserted Elements 54 6.4 Gap Edit Problem 54 6.4.1 Inference in SkAT 57 6.4.2 Multiple Source Fragments 57 6.5 Applying Modifications 58 6.5.1 Propagating Terminal Updates 60 6.5.2 Propagating Non-terminal Updates 61 6.5.3 Propagating Deletions 62 6.5.4 Propagating Insertions 62 6.5.5 Propagating Composed Modifications 62 6.6 Adapting SkAT Composition Programs 63 7 Evaluation and Outlook on Future Works 65 7.1 Fragment Versioning 65 7.2 Composition Program DSL 66 7.3 Structured Editors 68 7.4 SkAT RTE System 68 Appendices 71 List of Figures 73 List of Listings 75 List of Abbreviations 77 Bibliography 79 CD Content 83

Uterine defences against bacterial challenge are more efficient during oestrus than during dioestrus. The exact reasons and mechanisms responsible for this difference are, however, still incompletely understood. The leukocyte reaction is one of the defence mechanisms that has been cited as being able to respond better to a bacterial challenge during oestrus than during dioestrus. The aim of the present study was to test the hypothesis that the magnitude of endometrial leukocyte migration following the instillation of semen into the uterine lumen is greater during oestrus than during dioestrus. Eight Nooitgedacht mares of normal fertility, aged between 8 and 16 years (11.5 ± 2.7; mean ± SD), were used in the study. Each mare received a different treatment during each of four oestrous cycles, with a rest cycle after each treatment. Two treatments were performed during dioestrus and two during oestrus. One treatment for each stage of the cycle was a control treatment without challenge to the endometrium. At time zero of challenged cycles a single aliquot of 13 ml raw semen, frozen-thawed without addition of any cryoprotectant or extender, was instilled into the uterus. An endometrial biopsy was taken 6 and 48 h after time zero and a swab for cytology and culture (if cytology was positive) was collected 48 and 120 h after time zero. An image analyzer was used to record the total number of cells, round cells, neutrophils and eosinophils per unit surface area of epithelium, stratum compactum (SC) and stratum spongiosum (SS). The relative number of round cells, neutrophils and eosinophils were expressed as proportions of the number of each cell type to the total number of cells. The use of an image analyser made the collection of quantitative data from histologic sections possible. However, the operator still had to make some critical decisions, namely to choose the field of the section for analysis and to assign individual cells to a chosen category. The total numbers of cells in the epithelium and the SS were greater during dioestrus than during oestrus, while no such difference could be demonstrated for the SC. The stage of the oestrous cycle had no meaningful influence on any other (measured or calculated) variable. During challenged cycles, absolute and relative numbers of neutrophils were significantly greater in the epithelium, SC and SS than during control cycles. There was an interaction (not always reaching significance) between treatment and time with regard to the absolute and relative numbers of neutrophils in epithelium and SS and round cells in the epithelium. Numbers of neutrophils and round cells were significantly higher 6 h after treatment than 48 h after treatment in challenged cycles, but did not differ during control cycles. During challenged cycles, the stage of the oestrous cycle when treatment occurred had no effect on the duration of the induced endometritis, the occurrence of positive cytology or culture results, or the type of bacteria that were cultured. Regardless of the stage of their cycles when they were challenged, all mares rid themselves of the opportunistic pathogens placed into the uterine lumen within one oestrous cycle. The hypothesis was rejected and it is therefore concluded that the stage of the oestrous cycle did not influence the magnitude of the endometrial leukocyte response to a standardized challenge with semen in these reproductively sound mares. A similar study will be required to test whether this conclusion also holds true for mares that are susceptible to endometritis. / Dissertation (MMedVet (Gyn))--University of Pretoria, 2006. / Production Animal Studies / unrestricted

Borrelia burgdorferi is the etiological agent of Lyme disease. Not much is known about the susceptibility of this organism to chemical disinfection. Current antimicrobial susceptibility test methods, such as those published by the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM), usually require assessment of the number of colony forming units (cfu) of growing organisms on plates following exposure to an agent. For fast-growing organisms, plates are ready for counting 1-2 days post plating, while several weeks may be needed for slower growing organisms. Spirochetes, like B. burgdorferi are difficult to grow on solid media and typically require long incubation periods, sometimes up to several weeks, to generate visible colonies. These issues make B. burgdorferi cfu assessment by plate counting difficult and unreliable. Furthermore, Borrelia have a demonstrated capacity for pleomorphic forms, and can exist in spirochete, round body, or biofilm forms, depending on culture conditions. Plate counts, by nature, do not allow for assessment of morphological form changes. Additionally, the susceptibility of B. burgdorferi pleomorphic forms to chemical disinfectants has not been tested. In this study, we used the SYBR GREEN I/Propidium Iodide (SG I/PI) viability assay to rapidly estimate the percent kill of B. burgdorferi pleomorphic forms to chemical disinfection. Planktonic spirochete populations in 30-second treated samples showed viability percent values of: >95% for Hanks balanced salt solution (HBSS), ~60% for distilled deionized H2O (dd H2O), <5% for ACS 200, and 1% for 1% glutaraldehyde (GTA). Solutions containing 70% ethanol (ETH) and 1% hypochlorite (HC) showed no viable spirochetes following treatment. The percent of live round body cells following different treatments were: >99% for HBSS and <25% for dd H2O. ACS 200, 1% GTA, and 70% ETH treatments resulted in <1% live round body forms, whereas HC showed no live round cell forms. The susceptibility of B. burgdorferi biofilms to various treatments was also assayed using a SG I/PI viability stain after 30-minute contact times. The percent of viable organisms (green) in the treated biofilms was estimated by microscopic observations. HBSS controls showed >98% of bacteria in the biofilm were alive, while treated biofilms showed the following percent viabilities: ACS 200 - ~2%, 1% HC - <1%, 5% HC - <1%, 1% GTA - ~10%, 70% ETH - ~ 2%, and dd H2O ~40%. These techniques merged standardized assessment of antimicrobial activity in liquid culture using an ASTM-type kill-time procedure with viability techniques used in antibiotic susceptibility testing to rapidly evaluate the percent kill of B. burgdorferi pleomorphic forms in vitro following disinfectant exposure. These results showed that B. burgdorferi biofilm forms are orders of magnitude more resistant to chemical disinfection than other morphological forms of this organism.