Traffic congestion on urban road networks has been recognized as one of the most serious problems with which modern cities are confronted. It is generally anticipated that Dynamic Route Guidance Systems (DRGS) will play an important role in reducing urban traffic congestion and improving traffic flows and safety. One of the most critical issues in designing these systems is in the development of optimal routing strategies that would maximize the benefits to overall system as well as individual users. Infrastructure based DRGS have advantage of pursuing system optimal routing strategy, which is more essential under abnormal traffic conditions such as non-recurrent congestion and natural disaster. However user compliance could be a problem under such a strategy, particularly when some of equipped drivers are urged not to choose minimum travel time path for the sake of improving the total network travel time. On the other hand, In-vehicle based DRGS can utilize the user-specified route selection criteria to avoid "Braess Paradox" under normal traffic conditions. However, it may be of little use under abnormal traffic conditions and high DRGS market penetration. In conducting the comparative analysis between system optimal strategy and user equilibrium strategy, significant differences were found within the mid-range traffic demand. The maximum total travel time difference occurs when the level of traffic demand is half of the system capacity. At this point, system optimal route guidance strategy can save more than 11% of the total travel time of user equilibrium route guidance strategy. The research proposes an adaptive routing strategy as an efficient dynamic route guidance under non-recurrent traffic congestion. Computation results show that there is no need to implement system optimal routing strategy at the initial stage of the incident. However, it is critical to use system optimal routing strategy as freeway and arterial are getting congested and the queue delay in freeway increases. The adaptive routing strategy is evaluated using Traffic simulation model, INTEGRATION. According to simulation results using an ideal network, the travel time saving ratio is maximum when both arterial and freeway have normal traffic demand under incident. In case of a realistic network, the adaptive routing strategy also proved to save the total travel time between 3% to 10% over the traditional user equilibrium routing strategy. The reduction of total travel time increases as the incident duration increases. Consequently, it is concluded that the adaptive routing strategy for DRGS is more efficient than using user equilibrium routing strategy alone. / Ph. D.

Submitted by Mariana Pereira do Rego null (mari_rego@yahoo.com.br) on 2018-01-16T20:18:02Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao_Mariana_Pereira_Rego.pdf: 4943487 bytes, checksum: 68ba15599a9a9ea2ef69bfd9006ecf39 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Claudia Adriana Spindola null (claudia@fct.unesp.br) on 2018-01-17T12:39:31Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 rego_mp_me_prud.pdf: 4943487 bytes, checksum: 68ba15599a9a9ea2ef69bfd9006ecf39 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-01-17T12:39:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 rego_mp_me_prud.pdf: 4943487 bytes, checksum: 68ba15599a9a9ea2ef69bfd9006ecf39 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-02 / A interpretação de um mapa é facilitada com a utilização de textos, os quais facilitam a comunicação do mapa. Os mapas de Sistema de Navegação e Guia de Rota em Automóvel (SINGRA) utilizam textos na área mapeada com a finalidade de auxiliar o motorista na tarefa de navegação. Os nomes de vias são um dos elementos mais importantes no uso como informação de guia de rota. A literatura na área da Cartografia apresenta recomendações para rotular feições cartográficas em mapas estáticos. Porém, os mapas exibidos em SINGRA são dinâmicos e apresentados em um esquema de referência egocêntrica. Então, é questionado se as indicações propostas pela literatura podem ser generalizadas para esse tipo de representação. Este trabalho avalia o tempo de leitura de nomes de vias em mapas de SINGRA, levando-se em consideração diferentes posicionamentos da toponímia de via em mapas com diferentes padrões de malha viária. Para esta avaliação foram projetados 16 mapas, oito com padrão de malha viária regular e oito com padrão de malha viária irregular. Um conjunto apresentou nomes de vias com posicionamento alinhado horizontalmente e outro com os nomes seguindo a via. A concepção dos mapas foi baseada em princípios de agrupamento perceptível, segregação de figura-fundo, bem como em técnicas de tipografia, uso de tipos na cartografia e, também, na análise de mapas de sistemas de navegação de ampla utilização no mercado. A avaliação foi realizada com 20 motoristas novos. O experimento ocorreu dentro de um automóvel estacionado. A tarefa do participante foi buscar um nome de via no mapa exibido em uma tela de pequenas dimensões, bem como falar em voz alta o nome da via solicitada pelo pesquisador. A duração do tempo de leitura foi extraída e analisada. Em mapa com padrão de malha viária regular, a análise estatística mostrou que não houve diferença significativa no tempo de leitura entre os diferentes posicionamentos do texto, tanto para o nome da via em que se encontra quanto para o nome da via em que irá entrar. Por outro lado, em mapa com padrão de malha viária irregular e nome com o posicionamento alinhado horizontalmente, a análise estatística dos dados revelou que o tempo de leitura do nome da via em que o motorista irá entrar é significativamente mais rápido do que a leitura do nome da via em que se encontra. Maiores implicações são apresentadas e discutidas. / Reading a map is facilitated by using texts, which facilitate the communication of the map. InCar Route Guidance and Navigation System maps (RGNS) use texts in the map to assist drivers in the navigation task. Road names are one of the most important elements in the use as route guidance information. The literature in the Cartography field presents recommendations for labeling cartographic features in static maps. However, maps showed in RGNS are dynamic and presented in an egocentric reference. Thus, it is questioned whether those results can be generalized to this kind of representation. This work evaluates the time in which drivers start reading road names in maps of RGNS, taking into account different positions for the road toponymy in maps with different road network patterns. For this evaluation, 16 maps were designed; eight with road pattern similar to a regular-grid network and eight with road pattern similar to an irregular-grid network. Half of the maps were designed with names aligned horizontally and the other half with names following the road. Creating maps was based on principles of perceptual grouping, figure-ground segregation, as well techniques of typography, use of types in Cartography and, also, in the analysis of some maps of navigation systems with high acceptance in the market. The evaluation was performed with 20 drivers aged between 20 and 30 years. The experiment took place inside a car parked. The task of the participant was looking for a street name showed in a small screen and speech in a loud voice the name requested by the researcher. The time took to start reading was gathered an analyzed. For maps with road pattern similar to a regular-grid network the analysis showed no significant difference in the time in which drivers start reading road names among different text positioning, both for road name where they are located and for road name where they will turn. On the other hands, for maps with road pattern similar to an irregular road network and name aligned horizontally, the statistical analysis revealed the reading time for the name in which drivers will turn is significantly faster than reading time for the name in which drivers are located. More implications are presented and discussed.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:22:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-04-29Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:08:12Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 marques_aps_me_prud.pdf: 1844754 bytes, checksum: 98269ab519565c997b4f261950db8198 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / O objetivo desta pesquisa consiste na elaboração de mapas áudio-dinâmicos em múltiplas escalas automáticas, para um Sistema de Navegação e Guia de Rota em Automóvel (SINGRA). O projeto das representações cartográficas foi dividido em duas fases: projeto de composição geral e projeto áudio-gráfico. Os mapas visuais dinâmicos foram elaborados com base nos princípios da comunicação cartográfica e da percepção visual, com ênfase nas operações de generalização. A área de estudo apresenta uma malha urbana com diferentes tipos de vias, cruzamentos e limites de velocidade. Os mapas foram projetados para serem exibidos em um monitor de pequeno formato (sete polegadas), com alta resolução, e um total de quatro escalas de representação foi determinado: 1/10.000, 1/5.000, 1/2.500 e 1/1.000. Tais escalas foram definidas em função do tamanho da mídia de apresentação e do tipo de tarefa tática. Os mapas generalizados foram obtidos pela aplicação das operações de simplificação, exagero e deslocamento, sobre uma base cartográfica na escala 1/1.000. As representações áudio-dinâmicas foram produzidas a partir de variáveis áudio-dinâmicas. As mensagens de voz foram pré-gravadas na voz feminina, executadas em sincronia com as informações visuais. O projeto foi implementado em um SINGRA disponível na FCT-UNESP, a partir do compilador Visual Basic e da biblioteca MapObjects. Ao comparar o sistema de múltiplas escalas com o de escala única, observa-se que os novos mapas adaptados ao contexto de direção do motorista, podem permitir que o usuário receba a informação de acordo com a tarefa de navegação desenvolvida ao longo da rota... / The aim of this research is to design and implement an automatics multi-scale and audio-dynamic map for an In-Car Route Guidance and Navigation System (RGNS). The design was organized in two stages: general composition and auditory-graphic design. The visual-dynamic maps were designed based on cartographic communication principles and visual perception, especially on the generalization operators. The area of study presents an urban network with different types of roads, nodes, and speed limits. The maps were designed for a small-screen display, and a total of four different scales were employed: 1:10.000, 1:5.000, 1:2.500 and 1:1.000. These scales were chosen according to the media size and type of tactical task. The maps were derived from an accurate cartographic database at scale of 1:1000, by applying generalization techniques, such as simplification, displacement, and enhancement. The audio-dynamic representations were produced by taking account a set of audio-dynamic variables. The voice messages were recorded in a female voice, and they were presented with visual information, simultaneously. The design was implemented in a navigation system, which is available in the Faculty of Sciences and Technology, by using Visual Basic compiler and MapObjects library. The results of comparison between the automatic multiple-scale and single scale system show that the new system, enhanced driver's context, can allow the user receiving information according to the tasks performed along of the route. From the employment of generalization technique it was possible to present in a properly way the amount of information in the display, in which it can contribute for reducing navigational errors and visual demand, when compared with single-scale map ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)