Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T18:33:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Ednilse M Willers.pdf: 678061 bytes, checksum: 3cb9de74dc7de49b5474f9b62f1c13d6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-03-31 / The objective of this research was to analyze and to define a strategy of economic development that consolidates the economic emergency of Terra Roxa City - PR. Based on the theoretical premise of Hirschman (1974, 1996), in which the industrial expansion is a consequence of the economic development and the local is becoming the space of reference of strategic actions stimulating this expansion, the causes of the economic emergency of Terra Roxa were identified. The results of this research evidenced that its emergency is a consequence of the industrial base formed by micro, small and medium companies that are specialized in the branch of infantile confections. This industrial base has been responsible for the changes in the productive structure of the city, from urban-agricultural to urban-industrial, producing a sequence of events, stimulators of the local economy. As final result of this research, a strategy of economic development for the base was proposed. This strategy aims to the consolidation of the industrial base of infantile confections in Terra Roxa, stimulating the necessary structural changes to the productive chains that will lead, with the times, the economic development of the city. / Esta pesquisa teve por objetivo analisar e definir uma estratégia de desenvolvimento econômico que consolide a emergência econômica do município de Terra Roxa - PR. Partindo da premissa teórica de Hirschman (1974, 1996), que a expansão industrial é um reflexo do desenvolvimento econômico e que o local passa a ser o espaço de referência de ações estratégicas que estimulam essa expansão, foi identificado às causas da emergência econômica de Terra Roxa. Através dos resultados da pesquisa constatou-se que a sua emergência adveio da base industrial formada por micro, pequenas e média empresas que se especializaram no ramo de confecções infantis. Esta base industrial esta sendo responsável pelas mudanças na estrutura produtiva do município, de urbano-rural para urbano-industrial, produzindo uma seqüência de eventos estimuladores da economia local. Como resultado final da pesquisa, foi proposta uma estratégia de desenvolvimento econômico pela base. Esta estratégia visa à consolidação da base industrial de confecções infantis de Terra Roxa, estimulando as mudanças estruturais necessárias aos encadeamentos produtivos que levarão, ao longo do tempo, o desenvolvimento econômico do município.

Esta pesquisa teve por objetivo analisar o processo de constituição de uma nova forma de assentamento proposta pelo MST (Movimento dos Trabalhadores Rurais Sem Terra) no estado de São Paulo, denominada Comuna da Terra, situada em áreas nas proximidades de grandes centros urbanos, buscando identificar no que ela difere de outras formas de assentamento, no sentido de sua organização interna, e qual a sua contribuição para o avanço da luta por reforma agrária e para o desenvolvimento social e econômico brasileiro. O discurso de intelectuais e parcela do governo de que a reforma agrária não seria mais necessária; a crescente importância atribuída ao agronegócio no país, seja pela política econômica seja pela mídia; e a mudança no caráter do sujeito social da reforma agrária em determinadas regiões, foram alguns dos fatores que levaram o MST a formular essa proposta de assentamento. Para compreender a Comuna da Terra foi imprescindível analisar a questão do sujeito social da reforma agrária. Para tanto, foi necessário compreender os processos migratórios no Brasil, e mais especificamente no estado de São Paulo bem como a crescente importância da migração de retorno. Analisamos então o processo histórico que envolve os grandes centros urbanos e as vidas das classes subalternas que aí se encontram, envolvidas num processo de migração e deslocamento constantes. Analisando os projetos de vida dessa população e o projeto político do MST de constituição das Comunas da Terra, como elemento de uma nova concepção de reforma agrária, pudemos perceber que essa proposta aponta para um novo projeto de desenvolvimento para o campo, no qual elementos do urbano sejam incorporados. Ao questionar os rumos da política agrária, ao reivindicar um novo modelo de desenvolvimento para o campo, ao propor a união de movimentos rurais e urbanos, o MST acaba por colocar em debate um novo modelo de desenvolvimento também para o Brasil. A Comuna da Terra é elaborada com a proposta de ser uma forma de assentamento em que haja infra-estrutura, acesso à informação, tecnologia etc. Em que haja também uma organização espacial que propicie uma maior centralidade. Enfim, a Comuna da Terra é elaborada de forma a ter um caráter mais urbano que os assentamentos convencionais. No entanto, ela não se enquadra como espaço urbano/rural a partir de imprecisões ou transições. Não constitui um espaço em transição do rural para o urbano. É um espaço que se propõe a ser rural, posto que de reprodução do modo de vida camponês, e urbano, ou com elementos do urbano, posto que demanda os benefícios que a urbanidade criou ao longo dos séculos. / This research project aims to analyze the creation of a new kind of land reform settlement in Brazil - the Comunas da Terra, or Land Communes. These settlements were proposed by Brazil\'s movement of landless workers, the Movimento dos Trabalhadores Rurais Sem Terra (MST), and they have been thus far been located in São Paulo state, close to large urban centers. The project attempts to identify the differences between Land Communes and other kinds of land reform settlements, with particular attention paid to their internal organization. The project also seeks to outline the Land Communes\' contribution to the land reform struggle and, in a broader sense, to Brazil\'s social and economic development. A number of factors led the MST to propose the Land Commune model: the discourse, common among intellectuals and some segments of the Brazilian government, claiming that agrarian reform is no longer necessary; the growing importance of agribusiness, as reflected both in economic policy and in media depictions; and, in some regions, the changing nature of the social subjects who engage in the agrarian reform process. This last factor has particular importance. In order to understand Land Communes, one must analyze agrarian reform\'s social subjects. To approach this question, in turn, one must examine Brazil\'s migratory processes, and particularly the role that São Paulo plays in these processes, as well as the increasing importance of rural return migration. This thesis therefore reviews the history of Brazil\'s major urban centers and of the subaltern classes who live in them, classes which have been continually involved in a dynamic of migration and displacement. The thesis then analyzes the life plans of people from these classes, and the MST\'s political efforts to plan the Land Communes, as two factors leading towards a new conceptualization of agrarian reform. Both types of plan - life plans and Land Commune plans - point towards a new model for rural development, a model in which elements of the city are brought into the countryside. In its challenges to current agrarian policies, in its demands for a new rural development strategy, and in its proposals for unity between rural and urban social movements, the MST has in effect opened a debate about a new development model for Brazil itself. The MST\'s Land Commune proposal envisions a type of land reform settlement in which advanced infrastructure, information access, and technology are readily available. Moreover, the proposal aims to create settlements whose spatial organization is considerably more centralized than previous types of settlement. Land Communes, in summary, are created with a considerably more urban character than conventional land reform settlements. But the Land Communes\' hybrid status, as a urban/ rural space, does not come from their planners\' indecisiveness, nor does it reflect a process of transition. Land Communes are not a transitional space in which the rural becomes urban. Rather, they are a space at once rural - because in them a peasant lifestyle is reproduced - and urban, or at least with urban elements - because their inhabitants demand the benefits that, for centuries, urbanity has created.

Dans ce travail, il s’agira tout d’abord de concevoir un musée du Mouvement des Travailleurs Ruraux Sans Terre au Brésil. La lutte des sans terre est l’un des phénomènes sociaux et politiques les plus importants de notre histoire. Le Mouvement des Sans Terres (MST), pilier de la mobilisation populaire au Brésil, est la plus importante référence dans la lutte contre l’inégalité sociale et le néolibéralisme dans la mesure où celui-ci conduit à un approfondissement du processus de concentration de richesse, inhérent au système capitaliste, et des inégalités socio-économiques. Dans un premier temps, nous analyserons la conception de ce musée, ses caractéristiques, ses objectifs, son importance pour le développement social, économique et politique du Brésil et les possibilités de sa création dans ce pays. Nous verrons que le Musée du MST que nous concevons est un nouveau type de musée, que nous avons défini comme un Musée de Lutte, avec une nouvelle muséologie que nous dénommions de Muséologie de la Contemporanéité. Celle-ci suggère la nécessité d’adéquation ou d’actualisation des objectifs des musées sociaux, issus du mouvement de la Nouvelle Muséologie des années 1970-80, prenant en compte les problèmes et les aspirations collectives de notre temps. Nous essaierons de comprendre pourquoi les musées de la Nouvelle Muséologie sont devenus inefficaces du point du vu de leurs objectifs initiaux et comment la Muséologie de la Contemporanéité peut les aider à sortir de l’inertie et à les faire jouer de manière plus effective leur rôle de levier social et politique. Enfin, nous espérons, avec la conception du Musée de Lutte et de sa Muséologie de la Contemporanéité, ouvrir des nouvelles perspectives pour le développement de la muséologie sociale, dans laquelle il s’inscrit. Une muséologie politiquement engagée, au service de la construction d’un monde meilleur, de la dignité humaine, de l’égalité et de la justice sociale. / In the present work, we aim, first and foremost, to conceive a museum of the Landless Rural Workers Mouvement (MST) in Brazil. The struggle of the landless is one of the most important social and political phenomena in the history of this country. The Mouvement, mainstay of the popular mobilisation in Brasil, is the main reference in the figth against social inequality and neoliberalism, a force that leads to a strengthening in the concentration of wealth, inherent to the capitalist system, and socioeconomic disparities. First, we analyse the conception of this museum, its feautures, objectives, its importance for the social, economic and political development of Brazil and the feasibility of its implementation. We will see that the MST Museum presents a new kind of museum, one we define as a Struggle Museum, within de contexte of a new museology designated as Museology of Contemporaneity. This new museology highlights the need to adapt or update the objectives of social museums, wich were stablished by the New Museology mouvement of 1970-1980, in order to take into account the problems and collective aspirations of ours time. We will try to understand why the museums of New Museology have become ineffective relative to their original goals and how the Museology of Contemporaneity can provide a way out of a situation of inertia and help them play their role as social and political levers more effectively. Finally, with the conception of the Struggle Museum and its Museologie of Contemporaneity, we hope to open up new perspectives for the development of social museology, wherein it operates ; a politically-engaged museology in service of the creation of a better world, of human dignity, equality and social justice.