Lic.-avh. (sammanfattning) Umeå : Sveriges lantbruksuniv., 2006. / Härtill 2 uppsatser.

Thesis (M.A.)--University of Wyoming, 2007. / Title from PDF title page (viewed on July 25, 2008). Includes bibliographical references (p. 83-84).

This thesis examines two topics related to the prevalence of unequal developmental outcomes among children of different socioeconomic backgrounds in Peru. The first topic focuses on the origins of these inequalities by measuring the relative importance of school and early childhood influences for the emergence of cognitive development gaps between urban and rural children. I use rich longitudinal information on cognitive achievement, household and school characteristics, and a novel decomposition strategy. Results reveal that observable school influences occurring between ages 6 and 8, account for a significant share (around 35% and no less than 28%) of the difference in cognitive skill. The share attributable to differences in the early childhood environment is important but no larger than 50%. I also discuss how the proposed decomposition strategy compares to other linear decomposition methods and why it is less prone to biases than those employed so far in the literature. The second topic is related to the effects and mechanisms behind early childhood development interventions that seek to improve the home environment through a change in parental behaviour. I use data on parenting practices and caregiver beliefs regarding the importance of parent-child interactions collected from the control and treatment groups of families randomized for the evaluation of a home-visiting programme recently launched at scale in rural Peru. I find that this intervention produced a positive effect on the quality of the home environment (d = 0.5; p < 0.01) and shifted caregiver behaviour increasing their participation in educational play activities with the child (d = 0.3; p < 0.01). I also explore the constraints that limit caregivers' behavioural change. I find that treatment effects are not significant among the poorest caregivers and that they exhibit a positive wealth gradient. Further, I find evidence suggesting that caregiver beliefs condition their responses to treatment.

Orientador: Ruy de Oliveira Andrade Filho / Banca: Sérgio Alberto Feldman / Banca: Terezinha Oliveira / Banca: Ana Paula Tavares Magalhães Taconi / Banca: Andrea Lúcia Dorini de Oliveira Carvalho / Resumo: Este estudo tem como objetivo central apresentar de que forma as seis hagiografias hispano-visigodas escritas e até hoje preservadas, foram utilizadas no processo de difusão/comunicação do cristianismo na Espanha visigoda (séculos V a VIII) e, em especial, nos seus meios rurais, cujo contexto cultural religioso era caracterizado, entre outros fatores, pela aculturação entre a recém-assimilada fé cristã e as crenças préromanas e romanas. Foram analisadas as seguintes hagiografias: Vida de Santo Emiliano, de Bráulio de Saragoça; Vida de São Frutuoso, de autor anônimo; Vida de São Desidério, de Sisebuto; Vida dos Santos Padres de Mérida, também de autor desconhecido e as versões de Isidoro de Sevilha e Idelfonso de Toledo para a obra De viris illustribus. Realizada à luz da Análise do Discurso Crítica e contextualizada a partir da historiografia sobre o tema, a análise privilegiou A Vida de São Milão por seu âmbito rural, com a qual as demais hagiografias foram cotejadas, tendo demonstrado a fragilidade do processo de cristianização da Igreja visigoda e sua tendência a atuar em prol das relações de dominação em nível social, político, econômico, cultural e, portanto, religioso. / Abstract: This study has as main objective to present how the six written and preserved until today Visigothic hagiographies, were used in the process of diffusion/communication of the Christianity in Spain Visigothic (centuries V to VIII) and, especially, in the rural zone, whose religious cultural context was characterized, among other factors, for the acculturation betweeen the recently-assimilated Christian faith and the pre-Roman and Roman faiths. The following hagiographies were analyzed: Life of Saint Aemilian, written by Bráulio of Saragoça; Life of Saint Fructuosus, from anonymous author; Life of Saint Desiderius, written by Sisebuto; Life of the Fathers of Mérida, also from unknown author and the versions of Isidoro of Seville and Idelfonso of Toledo for the work De viris illustribus. Accomplished by using Critic's Analysis of Speech and considering the context from the historiography about the theme, the analysis privileged The Life of Saint Milan Life because her rural ambit, with the one which the others hagiographies were compared, having demonstrated the fragility of the process of Christianization of the Visigothic Church and its tendency to act on behalf of the dominance relationships in social, political, economical, cultural and, therefore, religious level. / Doutor

No description available.

New policy initiatives that followed the 1994 democratic elections aim strongly on construction and development, especially in the agrarian sector. Land reform is one of the initiatives that the democratic government has implemented post 1994 to enable the previously marginalised and disposed individuals and families to own land. The aim of the land reform was not only to provide settlement beneficiaries, but to provide post settlement support to them and enable them to live a better life. However, most of the beneficiaries who acquired farms through the land reform programs lack practical experience in commercial agricultural production. In light of the above, the agricultural mentorship programme was implemented to offer a ray of sunshine to smallholder and emerging farmers. However, it is quite evident that although the agricultural mentorship program was implemented, the Kat river valley emerging citrus farmers are still facing challenges such as limited production capacity; limited access to financial capital; limited access to production equipment; and limited post-harvest support. This study aims to review the agriculture mentorship programme of the Department of Agrarian Reform and Rural Development (DRDAR), with a specific focus on citrus at Kat River Valley. Using data drawn from a sample of nine (9) mentees, two (2) mentors and one official from DARDAR who were personally visited and interviewed, the thesis presents the results of an assessment of the program’s outcomes for participant’s experiences and perceptions in order to strengthen the programme. A review of related literature on land and agriculture reform, agricultural policies, emerging farmers and mentorship has been presented. The study employed a qualitative approach for in-depth understanding and verification. Source documents, open-ended questionnaires and semi-structured interviews were used to collect data from participants. The study revealed that the mentorship programme has made an impact since its implementation as can be noted by the increase in production and income levels; sustainability of skills and knowledge attained from during mentorship and also job opportunities from the projects.

Call number: LD2668 .T4 1985 G74 / Master of Science

No description available.

Chow King Mun. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2001. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 139-144). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Abstract (in English and Chinese) --- p.iv-v / Acknowledgements --- p.vi / Notes --- p.vii / List of Figures --- p.viii / List of Diagrams and Tables --- p.viii / Figures / Chapter 1. --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- The Aim of the Study / Chapter 1.2 --- The Road to Chinese Modernity / Chapter 1.3 --- Modernity and Consumption / Chapter 1.4 --- Theories of Consumption / Chapter 1.5 --- Consumption in China / Chapter 1.6 --- "A Brief Overview of the Tian Village, Zhongshan" / Chapter 1.7 --- Methodology / Chapter 1.8 --- Summary of the Chapters Making up the Thesis / Chapter 1.9 --- Significance of Study / Chapter 2. --- Tian Village and its Environment --- p.27 / Chapter 2.1 --- The Xiaolan Town / Chapter 2.2 --- The Tian Village / Chapter 2.2.1 --- Background / Chapter 2.2.2 --- The Dramatic Transformation of the Village / Chapter 2.2.3 --- The Economic Activities / Chapter 2.2.4 --- Education Level / Chapter 2.2.5 --- Migrant Labourers / Chapter 2.3 --- Summary / Chapter 3. --- Aspiring to be Modern --- p.52 / Chapter 3.1 --- What is Modernity? / Chapter 3.2 --- The Aspirations of Older and Younger Villagers / Chapter 3.2.1 --- The young generation / Chapter 3.2.2 --- The old generation / Chapter 3.3.3 --- The hardships of the older villagers / Chapter 3.3 --- The Government Initiatives / Chapter 3.4 --- The Hong Kong Influences / Chapter 3.5 --- The Discourses of Modernity / Chapter 3.6 --- Summary / Chapter 4. --- Striving for a Better Life --- p.78 / Chapter 4.1 --- Strategies to earn money / Chapter 4.2 --- Case Study 1: Big Brother / Chapter 4.3 --- Case Study 2: Ah Ming's mother / Chapter 4.4 --- Case Study 3: AhYan / Chapter 4.5 --- Case Study 4: Mr He / Chapter 4.6 --- Summary / Chapter 5. --- Consumption and Modernity --- p.92 / Chapter 5.1 --- Interpreting modernity: Consumption as a strategy / Chapter 5.1.1 --- Housing / Chapter 5.1.2 --- Food / Chapter 5.1.3 --- Transportation / Chapter 5.1.4 --- Clothes / Chapter 5.1.5 --- Consuming modernity as a daily activity / Chapter 5.2 --- Economic power and generation differences in consumption / Chapter 5.2.1 --- Mobile Phones / Chapter 5.2.2 --- Debit cards/Shopping VIP cards / Chapter 5.2.3 --- The concept of frugality / Chapter 5.3 --- Anti-consumption: the problems of social security / Chapter 5.3.1 --- Ah Han Case / Chapter 5.4 --- Summary / Chapter 6. --- Conclusion --- p.130 / Appendix - List of Chinese Characters --- p.137 / Bibliography --- p.139

by Ma Kei. / Thesis submitted in: June 1998. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1999. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 183-189). / Abstract also in Chinese. / Chapter CHAPTER 1 --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- Background and Objectives of Study --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2 --- Past Studies on the RRM and the LRM --- p.5 / Chapter 1.2.1 --- Rural Reconstruction Movements --- p.5 / Chapter 1.2.2 --- CCP Land Reform Movements --- p.8 / Chapter 1.3 --- Peasant Studies and Peasant's View of Life --- p.21 / Chapter 1.4 --- Methodology --- p.24 / Chapter 1.5 --- Outline of Chapters --- p.25 / Chapter CHAPTER 2 --- LITERATURE REVIEW AND THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK --- p.27 / Chapter 2.1 --- Peasant Culture --- p.27 / Chapter 2.2 --- The Dimension of Peasant Culture --- p.34 / Chapter 2.3 --- The Content of Peasant's View of Life --- p.38 / Chapter 2.4 --- Peasant's View of Life and Peasant's Action --- p.41 / Chapter 2.5 --- Peasants' View of Life and Peasant Collective Actions --- p.45 / Chapter CHAPTER 3 --- FROM MODERNIZATION TO MOBILIZATION --- p.55 / Chapter 3.1 --- Bankruptcy of the Peasant Society and the Corruption of the Great and Small Traditions --- p.57 / Chapter 3.2 --- Chinese Culture and Chinese Development --- p.63 / Chapter 3.3 --- The Village as a Starting Point --- p.70 / Chapter CHAPTER 4 --- HISTORICAL PROFILE OF RRM AND LRM --- p.80 / Chapter 4.1 --- Rural Reconstruction Movement --- p.80 / Chapter 4.1.1 --- Shandong Rural Reconstruction Institute --- p.82 / Chapter 4.2 --- Chinese Communist Party Revolutionary Movement --- p.88 / Chapter 4.2.1 --- Western Fujian Revolutionary Base --- p.92 / Chapter CHAPTER 5 --- CONTACT AND INTERACTION --- p.99 / Chapter 5.1 --- "Predominance of Peasants ""Image of Limited Good""" --- p.101 / Chapter 5.2 --- Breaking into the Village Community --- p.112 / Chapter 5.3 --- Utilizing Existing Peasant Community Networks --- p.113 / Chapter 5.4 --- Mobilization through the Establishment of New Forms of Peasant Organization --- p.123 / Chapter CHAPTER 6 --- INTERACTION AND TRANSFORMATION --- p.136 / Chapter 6.1 --- Induction by Material and Social Incentives --- p.138 / Chapter 6.2 --- Institutional Transformation of Peasant View of Life --- p.150 / Chapter 6.3 --- Ideological Confrontation --- p.164 / Chapter 6.4 --- Final Episode of the Transformation Process --- p.171 / Chapter CHAPTER 7 --- CONCLUSION --- p.176 / Chapter 7.1 --- Collective Action through Transformation: Change in the Peasant View --- p.176 / Chapter 7.2 --- Peasant View of Life Reconsidered --- p.180 / Chapter 7.3 --- "Rethinking ""Image of Limited Good""" --- p.181 / Chapter 7.4 --- Limitations of the Study and Directions of Future Research --- p.182 / BIBLIOGRAPHY --- p.183