Sunil, K.C. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2010. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 210-224). / Abstracts in English and Chinese; appendix iv also in Laos language. / ABSTRACT --- p.I / ACKNOWLEDGEMENT --- p.IV / TABLE OF CONTENTS --- p.VI / LIST OF TABLES --- p.IX / LIST OF FIGURES --- p.XII / LIST OF MAPS --- p.XIII / ABBREVIATIONS --- p.XIV / Chapter CHAPTER 1 --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- Background --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2 --- NTFPs and Poverty: a nexus --- p.3 / Chapter 1.3 --- NTFPs and economic inequality --- p.5 / Chapter 1.4 --- Spatial Distinction and NTFPs --- p.7 / Chapter 1.5 --- Problem statement --- p.9 / Chapter 1.5.1 --- "Laos,NTFPs, Poverty and Conservation" --- p.10 / Chapter 1.5.2 --- Research questions and assumptions --- p.13 / Chapter 1.5.3 --- Justification for study and research objectives --- p.14 / Chapter 1.6 --- Organization of the research --- p.15 / Chapter CHAPTER 2 --- REVIEW OF LITERATURES AND THEORETICAL APPROACH… --- p.18 / Chapter 2.1 --- Introduction --- p.18 / Chapter 2.2 --- Review of literatures --- p.18 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- NTFPs in Global Studies --- p.18 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- Studies in Laos --- p.26 / Chapter 2.2.3 --- Studies in Bokeo --- p.30 / Chapter 2.3 --- Household Economic model --- p.30 / Chapter CHAPTER 3 --- STUDY AREA AND RESEARCH METHODOLOGY --- p.37 / Chapter 3.1 --- Study Area --- p.37 / Chapter 3.1.1 --- Bio-Physical setting --- p.37 / Chapter 3.1.2 --- Social and Settlement Structure --- p.39 / Chapter 3.1.3 --- Household economy --- p.41 / Chapter 3.1.4 --- Forest policy and land tenure --- p.42 / Chapter 3.2 --- Selection of study location --- p.43 / Chapter 3.3 --- Method of data collection --- p.44 / Chapter 3.3.1 --- Primary data collection --- p.45 / Chapter 3.3.2 --- Secondary data collection --- p.49 / Chapter 3.4 --- Data Analysis --- p.49 / Chapter 3.4.1 --- Description of variables in the study --- p.50 / Chapter 3.4.2 --- Statistical analysis --- p.50 / Chapter CHAPTER 4 --- SOCIOECONOMIC AND DEMOGRAPHIC DISTINCTION IN THE SWIDDEN FARMING UPLAND AND THE SEDENTARIZED FARMING LOWLAND --- p.53 / Chapter 4.1 --- Household demography in upland and lowland --- p.53 / Chapter 4.2 --- Household economy --- p.56 / Chapter 4.2.1 --- Agriculture --- p.56 / Chapter 4.2.2 --- Animal Husbandry --- p.61 / Chapter 4.2.3 --- Off-farm Income --- p.64 / Chapter 4.2.4 --- NTFP Income --- p.66 / Chapter 4.2.5 --- Total household cash income --- p.67 / Chapter CHAPTER 5 --- SPATIAL DISTINCTION AND NTFP DEPENDENCY --- p.69 / Chapter 5.1 --- Dependency of NTFPs on different geographical location --- p.69 / Chapter 5.1.1 --- Uses of NTFPs --- p.69 / Chapter 5.1.2 --- Allocation of time and labor for NTFP collection --- p.74 / Chapter 5.1.3 --- NTFP cash income --- p.76 / Chapter 5.1.4 --- NTFPs income distribution in different geographic location --- p.80 / Chapter 5.1.5 --- Level of NTFPs dependency in different geographical locations --- p.82 / Chapter 5.1.6 --- Relation between income from NTFPs and other sources of cash income --- p.87 / Chapter 5.2 --- Result of Regression models --- p.88 / Chapter 5.2.1 --- Linear regression model of NTFPs income in the upland --- p.89 / Chapter 5.2.2 --- Linear regression model of NTFPs Income in the lowland --- p.90 / Chapter 5.2.3 --- Linear regression model of NTFP dependency in the upland --- p.92 / Chapter 5.2.4 --- Linear regression model of NTFP dependency in the lowland --- p.94 / Chapter 5.3 --- Conclusion --- p.96 / Chapter CHAPTER 6 --- INCOME INEQUALITY AND HOUSEHOLDS' DEPENDENCY ON NTFPS IN THE UPLAND --- p.99 / Chapter 6.1 --- Economic groups in the upland and the lowland --- p.99 / Chapter 6.2 --- Socio-economic characteristics households of different economic groups in the upland --- p.101 / Chapter 6.2.1 --- Household demography --- p.101 / Chapter 6.2.2 --- Household economy among economic groups in the upland --- p.101 / Chapter 6.3 --- Dependency on NTFPs of different economic groups in the upland --- p.108 / Chapter 6.3.1 --- Labor and time allocation for the collection of the NTFPs --- p.109 / Chapter 6.3.2 --- NTFP cash income --- p.111 / Chapter 6.3.3 --- NTFPs income distribution in different economic groups --- p.116 / Chapter 6.3.4 --- Level of NTFPs dependency in different economic groups in the upland --- p.118 / Chapter 6.3.5 --- Relation between income from NTFPs and other sources of cash income --- p.120 / Chapter 6.4 --- Result of regression models --- p.122 / Chapter 6.4.1 --- Linear regression model of NTFP income for different economic groups --- p.122 / Chapter 6.4.2 --- Linear regression model of NTFP dependency in different economic groups --- p.124 / Chapter 6.5 --- Conclusion --- p.128 / Chapter CHAPTER 7 --- ECONOMIC INEQUALITY AND HOUSEHOLDS' DEPENDENCY ON NON TIMBER FOREST PRODUCTS IN THE LOWLAND --- p.131 / Chapter 7.1 --- Socio-economic characteristics households of different economic groups in the lowland --- p.131 / Chapter 7.1.1 --- Household demography --- p.131 / Chapter 7.1.2 --- Household economy of different economic inequality groups in the lowland --- p.133 / Chapter 7.2 --- Dependency on NTFPs of different economic groups in the lowland --- p.139 / Chapter 7.2.1 --- Allocation of time and labor for collecting NTFPs in different economic group --- p.140 / Chapter 7.2.2 --- Total NTFP cash income --- p.143 / Chapter 7.2.3 --- NTFPs income distribution in different economic groups --- p.151 / Chapter 7.2.4 --- Level of NTFPs dependency in different economic groups in the lowland --- p.153 / Chapter 7.2.5 --- Relationship between income from NTFPs and other sources of cash income --- p.155 / Chapter 7.3 --- Result of Regression models --- p.156 / Chapter 7.3.1 --- Linear regression model of NTFP income for different economic groups --- p.157 / Chapter 7.3.2 --- Linear regression model of NTFP dependency in different economic groups --- p.160 / Chapter 7.4 --- Conclusion --- p.163 / Chapter CHAPTER 8 --- "DISCUSSION, CONCLUSION AND PRACTICAL RELEVANCE" --- p.167 / Chapter 8.1 --- Discussions --- p.167 / Chapter 8.1.1 --- NTFP dependency on geographical location --- p.167 / Chapter 8.1.2 --- NTFPs dependency of different economic groups in the swidden farming upland --- p.171 / Chapter 8.1.3 --- NTFPs dependency of different economic groups in the sedentarized farming lowland --- p.173 / Chapter 8.1.4 --- NTFP dependency and various demographic and socio-economic variables --- p.175 / Chapter 8.1.5 --- Reflection on Methodology used and recommendation for future research --- p.180 / Chapter 8.2 --- Conclusion --- p.183 / Chapter 8.2.1 --- NTFP dependency in the swidden farming upland and the sedentarized farming lowland --- p.183 / Chapter 8.2.2 --- NTFP dependency on different economic groups in the swidden farming upland region --- p.185 / Chapter 8.2.3 --- NTFP dependency on different economic groups in the swidden farming lowland regions --- p.187 / Chapter 8.2.4 --- Overall conclusion --- p.190 / Chapter 8.3 --- Implication of the research --- p.191 / Chapter 8.3.1 --- "Cash income from NTFPs, conservation, poverty reduction and policy" --- p.191 / Chapter 8.3.2 --- "NTFPs, Swidden farming and LFA" --- p.193 / APPENDICES --- p.194 / Appendix I: Indicators for wealth ranking in the upland and lowland villages --- p.194 / Appendix II: List of different categories of NTFPs used in the study area --- p.195 / Appendix III: Exhaustive list of variables used in the study areas --- p.200 / Appendix IV: Household survey questionnnaire --- p.203 / REFERENCES --- p.210

This research examines the collective action and financial dimensions of rural waterpoint sustainability in sub-Saharan Africa. Four interlinking papers empirically evaluate the nature and drivers of financial risks, and how they in turn impact the operational performance of community water supplies. The research is grounded in conceptual and theoretical frameworks pertaining to collective action and common-pool resource management, in particular Ostrom's social-ecological systems framework (Ostrom, 2007), Musgrave & Musgrave's economic good framework (Musgrave & Musgrave, 1973), and Marwell & Oliver's critical mass theory (Marwell & Oliver, 1993). The first paper analyses data extracted from national waterpoint inventories in Liberia, Sierra Leone, and Uganda. The remaining three papers draw on primary data from rural Kenya comprising 229 years' worth of water committee financial records, a census of 571 waterpoints, and a survey of 3,361 households. These data were collected during extensive field work campaigns in Kwale, Kenya. Quantitative analyses were carried out by way of advanced statistical techniques, including logistic regression, linear mixed (repeated measure) models, and generalised estimating equations. Results suggest collection of user fees is a significant determinant of waterpoint sustainability, alongside other institutional, technical, geographical and environmental variables. However, monthly payment arrangements are beset by non-payment and late payment, particularly if rainfall levels are high, group size is large, households are far away, and water is aggressive and unpalatable. Although monthly contribution levels remain relatively stable above a collective payment rate of 60%, there is little evidence of self-sustaining growth beyond this point, and revenue collection is prone to collapse below this collective payment threshold. In comparison, pay-as-you-fetch fees are associated with increased revenue and improved operational performance, but result in a higher proportion of households opting for an unimproved water source. If the Sustainable Development Goal of universal access to safe water supplies is to be achieved in rural sub-Saharan Africa, strategies are needed to strengthen revenue collection systems and bolster payment incentives. External support and professionalised service delivery models present potential pathways to advance these goals. Policymakers may also need to introduce carefully designed subsidies, or promote self-supply approaches that realign lifecycle costs with users' willingness-to-pay.

Op ’n sonnige Saterdag- oggend op Montagu kom daar ’n gekap en geraas uit ’n groot skuur. In die agter- grond sing ’n vrou ’n op- gewekte deuntjie. Wie werk so hard en so vrolik op ’n Saterdag? En waarom? Toe Ons Leer Mekaar onder- soek gaan instel, het ons die Montagu Skrynwerkers Ko- operatief leer ken - ’n be- sonderse groep mense wat op ’n besondere manier werk. Hulle is ’n span van tien, waar- van vier vroue is. En almal in die span is saam eienaars van die skrynwerkers-besigheid. Maandag-oggende besluit die span wat hulle target vir die week is. "En as ons nie target slaan nie, dan moet ons sit, al is dit Saterdag", vertel Leon de Koker, die produksie- koordineerder. "Jy werk vir jouself, so aan die einde van die dag kan jy nie ’n baas blameer, of se baas waar is my loon nie. Hier moet almal saamtrek. Elke lid deel in die winste van die ko-operatief, maar ook omgekeerd: as ons verliese maak, deel elkeen daar in." Die ko-operatief maak futon- beddens en ses-hoekiae tafels, wat landwyd verkoop word. Futon beddens lyk soos harde plat matrasse wat op die grond oop gegooi word. Die tafels word veral in kantore gebruik, omdat baie tafels in- mekaar pas om ’n groter tafel te maak. Dit word ook trapazoidal tafels genoem. Baie council huise op Montagu het nie elektrisiteit me. Die skrynwerkers verkoop hulle afval-houtjies teen R1 ’n sak vir brandhout. Die semels verkoop hulle aan die boere wat hoenders en perde aanhou. "In die somer noem ons dit die Coke-fonds, die geldjies wat so inkom", se Leon.

Cheung Wai Hong. / "Architecture Department, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Master of Architecture Programme 2002-2003, design report." / Includes bibliographical references (leaf 56). / Chapter 01. --- Acknowledgement --- p.01 / Chapter 02. --- Synopsis / Chapter a. --- Project Background --- p.02 / Chapter b. --- Thesis Statement --- p.03 / Chapter 03. --- Research / Chapter a. --- Study of the village --- p.04 / Chapter b. --- Impact of the urbanization to the village area --- p.07 / Chapter c. --- Existing condition of the area along railway (infrastructure) --- p.08 / Chapter d. --- Process of urbanization in the rural area --- p.13 / Chapter e. --- Condition of Kam Tin --- p.16 / Chapter 04. --- Planning Strategy / Chapter a. --- Analysis of Kam Tin --- p.17 / Chapter b. --- Proposal --- p.19 / Chapter 05. --- Precedent Studies --- p.21 / Chapter 06. --- Design / Chapter a. --- Site --- p.29 / Chapter b. --- Design development at the massing scale --- p.30 / Chapter c. --- Program of detail design --- p.33 / Chapter d. --- Design development of detail design --- p.34 / Chapter 07 --- Final Design / Chapter a. --- Final Design at massing scale --- p.44 / Chapter b. --- Final Design of the detail part --- p.47 / Chapter 08. --- Bibliography --- p.56

Ding Lai-Ling. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2003. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 160-167). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Chapter Chapter One: --- Introduction / Chapter 1 --- The Miao History of Guizhou in China --- p.P.4-8 / Chapter 1.1 --- The socio-economic background of the Miao rural community --- p.P.8-11 / Chapter 1.2 --- Femininity of the ' feminized other' ´ؤ the Portray of the Miao women / Chapter 2 --- The concept of agency --Literature Review --- p.P.13-20 / Chapter 3 --- Methodology --- p.P.20-22 / Chapter Chapter Two: --- The Miao women's agency over the traditional drinking custom / Chapter 1 --- The traditional drinking custom in the Miao community Of Guizhou in China --- p.P.23-47 / Chapter 2 --- The acquisition of drinking habit by the Miao men And the Miao women / Chapter 2.1 --- The Perception of drinking among the Miao men of different ages --- p.P.48-50 / Chapter 2.2 --- The Miao women's agency over the traditional drinking custom / Chapter 2.2.1 --- Among the unmarried girls --- p.P.50-53 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- Among the married women --- p.P.53-58 / Chapter 3 --- Traditional drinking custom and wife battering / killing --- p.P.58-60 / Chapter 4 --- Concluding remark --- p.P.60-64 / Chapter Chapter Three : --- The Miao women's agency over the contraceptive technology / Chapter 1 --- The concepts of reproduction and body --- p.P.65-72 / Chapter 2 --- The Birth Planning Policy in the national minority regions --- p.P.72-74 / Chapter 2.1 --- Among the national minority groups in Guizhou --- p.P.74-75 / Chapter 2.2 --- Within the villages --- p.P.75-76 / Chapter 3 --- Norplant ´ؤ The contraceptive devise assigned to the Miao women --- p.P.77-81 / Chapter 4 --- The coercive use of Norplant ´ؤ a devastating challenge to the Miao women's agency --- p.P.81-86 / Chapter 4.1 --- As the economic burden levied on the Miao women --- p.P.86-90 / Chapter 4.2 --- As the health burden levied on the Miao women --- p.P.90-94 / Chapter 5 --- Concluding remark --- p.P.94-96 / Chapter Chapter Four - --- The Miao women's agency over the family violence / Chapter 1 --- Theoretical orientation of family violence-wife abuse --- p.P.97-102 / Chapter 2 --- Major dominant script of family violence and wife abuse by the Women Federation in China --- p.P.102-106 / Chapter 3 --- The gender relation within the Miao rural community of Guizhou in China --- p.P.106-113 / Chapter 3.1 --- The unequal sexual division of labor within the family --- p.P.113-121 / Chapter 3.2 --- Drinking and wife abuse in the Miao community --- p.P.121-124 / Chapter 3.3 --- Wife abuse in the Miao community - From scolding to killing --- p.P.124-130 / Chapter 3.4 --- Fro Passive to active - a coping strategies continuum --- p.P.131-139 / Chapter 4 --- Concluding remark --- p.P.139-140 / Conclusion --- p.P.141-149 / Interviewee's profile / Reference / Appendix

The emergence of higher education opportunities in rural areas of Mexico such as throughout the state of Oaxaca has opened new opportunities for young women's professional development and new individual and community identities. I explore tensions between the collective imaginary of rural Mexico and rural women's emerging sense of independence and self-determination in light of higher education's expanding opportunities. Educational opportunities lead to community formation around commonality of experience in addition to ascribed community relationships and roles. I situate this analysis within the context of the Universidad Tecnológica de los Valles Centrales de Oaxaca (UT), a small university in San Pablo Huixtepec, Oaxaca, Mexico. Through interviews and participant observation, I answer the following questions: (1) How is rural women's identity produced through policy, geography, and social influences? (2) In what ways do college women experience change in terms of family relationships and professional trajectories? and (3) How do changes in rural women's collective identity through professional development contribute to social movements for gender equality? This thesis provides a broader examination of the implications of shifts in family trajectory for belonging and women's identity in Mexico, contributing to larger discussions regarding higher education in rural areas, women's experiences and interactions within institutions, and women's collectives as venues for societal transformation. In conclusion, I offer recommendations for educational policy that supports women's identity development, promotes gender equality, and encourages women's leadership.

Bibliography: p. 208-221.

"January 1974". Bibliography: leaves 354-367.

University of Macau / Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities / Department of Economics

Drawing on the manuscript records of the Department of Crown Lands, its published reports, and case law, this thesis examines the illegal occupation of rural land, known as squatting in the Eastern Townships of Quebec in the period 1838 to 1866. By 1838, demographic pressure in the seigneuries, inflated land prices due to speculation, and inaccessible public land granting practices had made squatting a commonplace strategy for land acquisition. The responses to squatting of the Department of Crown Lands, the Legislature and the judiciary are analysed for what they implied about ideas of property in Lower Canada. / While the Department of Crown Lands' policy of pre-emption affirmed that squatters held rights to public land because they laboured to cultivate and improve it, the legislature refused to acknowledge that squatters could acquire such rights on private land; nine out of ten bills intended to ensure ejected squatters a systematically determined remuneration for improvements made by them on the private property of absentees failed to pass into law during the period. Most were rejected by the Legislative Council which defended the interests of landed wealth. / Lower Canadian courts, meanwhile, struggled to sort out laws relating to squatting. Ultimately they found that while squatters on private property owned their improvements, they had no right to the land itself. Thus the judiciary applied a bifurcated concept of property to rural land in Lower Canada despite the prevalence of liberal theories of absolute property rights during the nineteenth century.