Thesis (Ph. D.)--Rutgers University, 2009. / "Graduate Program in Political Science." Includes bibliographical references (p. 419-455).

Inaug.-diss.--Halle. / Lebenslauf. Includes bibliographical references ("Literatur": p. [10]-12).

Thesis (M.A.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1965. / eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Bibliography: l. 175-183.

No description available.

The aim of this paper is to trace the role Japan's print media played in the course by which the nation came to be imagined in the late nineteenth century, and once conceived, altered and expanded in the early twentieth century. By the conclusion of the Russo-Japanese War (1905) a shift from a multiplicity of ideological articulations vis à vis the nation to a hegemony of "official" nationalism, which incorporated imperialism, had occured. How Japanese newspapers became an effective and powerful ideological institution which served to facilitate the hegemony of "official" nationalism is here examined. As the manner in which a culture communicates is a dominant influence on the formation of a culture's social and intellectual preoccupations, the monopoly of print in Meiji Japan makes an analysis of it a crucial first step in understanding how Japanese nationalism developed. Meiji newspapers evolved through four distinct phases: "pro-establishment," "political," "early commercial," and "fully commercial." In each succeeding stage of development, news was more finely strained. Print media's commercial coming of age had significant consequences: "official" nationalism became hegemonic, non-"official" nationalisms were effectively marginalized, and print came to play an increasingly central role in the body politic. An examination of editorial coverage of the war indicates the 1903-1905 period was pivotal to this development. / Arts, Faculty of / History, Department of / Graduate

Cette thèse consiste à interroger les expériences de la guerre russo-japonaise (1904-1905), en rapprochant deux objets historiques : l'histoire de la guerre et l'histoire de la médecine. Son objectif est de documenter et d’analyser l'organisation du Service de santé de l’armée impériale japonaise et les pratiques médicales qui en déroulent au tournant du vingtième siècle. En examinant la professionalisation de la médecine militaire pendant l’ère Meiji (1868–1912) et son implication pendant le conflit de 1904-1905, il est question de comprendre la production culturelle des discours, des objets et des images liées aux maladies et aux blessures de guerre. Cette analyse repose sur les regards croisés des différents acteurs (Japonais et observateurs internationaux) sur le corps blessé et malade, que les atteintes soient physiques ou psychiques. Les résultats montrent comment le bouleversement sur le champ de bataille, induit par l’augmentation de la puissance de feu et la réorganisation tactique et stratégique suscitée par cette dernière, est aussi le pendant d’une médicalisation des activités combattantes, de la recherche militaire et de la production d’expertises. Le paradigme du « combat asceptique » et le succès de la lutte contre les maladies servent à légitimer le rôle de la médecine dans les armées. Par ailleurs, la transformation des formes de violence de guerre accentue aussi la fragilité des médecins sur le champ de bataille, où les effets de l’industrialisation progressent. À l’épreuve de la professionnalisation, de la spécialisation et des pratiques individuelles, cette thèse discute les apports et les limites des stratégies adoptées par les médecins japonais pour préserver la santé des armées face à la violence de la guerre industrielle. / This thesis analyses the experiences of the Russo-Japanese War (1904-1905), bringing together two historical objects of inquiry: the history of warfare and the history of medicine. Its purpose is to document and understand the organization of the Imperial Japanese Army Sanitary Corps and the medical practices that unfolded within it at the turn of the twentieth century. Focusing on the creation and the institutionalization of the care of the war wounded and sick during the Meiji era (1868-1912) and its implications for the conflict of 1904-1905, this thesis highlights the institutional and social dynamics of military medicine and the cultural production of discourses, objects and images related to war diseases and wounds. Our theoretical framework articulates the entanglement of the various actors’ perceptions (Japanese doctors and international observers) on the wounded and/or diseased body. Our results show how the transformation of the battlefield, induced by increased firepower and the resulting tactical and strategic reorganization, was also a driving force for the medicalization of combat activities, military research and the production of expertise. These processes reshaped the paradigms of combat aimed at maintaining the competitiveness of the military, that the success of preventive medicine serves to legitimize. They also accentuate the fragility of the army and the structure of medicine on the battlefield, which were under increasing stress due to the rapid progress of industrialization. The professional specialization and individual practices observed during the war lead us to discuss the benefits and limits of the strategies adopted by Japanese military surgeons to resist the increasingly destructive realities of industrial warfare.