Dans le sillage des guerres totales et des génocides du XXe siècle sont apparus des ouvrages d’un genre nouveau : les témoignages. Ils sont le fait d’hommes et de femmes survivants d’une violence politique extrême qui, endossant le rôle de témoins, ont entrepris de faire connaître leur expérience au plus grand nombre en rendant compte par écrit des sévices endurés. Leur mission : attester ce qu’ils ont vu et subi, rendre hommage aux disparus, initier un questionnement sur les mécanismes ayant conduit au meurtre de masse, et opposer aux tentatives de destruction de l’humain et de sa culture une réflexion sur le vivre-ensemble et la dissolution toujours possible des liens sociaux les plus fondamentaux. Le corpus légué par ces témoins constitue l’objet d’étude de cette thèse de doctorat, qui poursuit un double objectif : décrire, sur la base d’une lecture minutieuse des textes, partiellement assistée d’outils d’analyse textométriques, les principales caractéristiques du genre, et poser les jalons d’une histoire du témoignage et de sa réception, publique et critique, à partir de récits faisant état d’expériences aussi diverses que celles du feu pendant la Grande Guerre, de l’univers concentrationnaire sous le régime nazi et de la violence coloniale en Algérie. Comprendre ce qui spécifie génériquement ces textes au-delà de la diversité des œuvres et des événements dont elles sont issues, suppose de dégager le projet commun qui les sous-tend et les constitue en lignée, étant entendu qu’un genre ne se définit pas en fonction de critères ontologiques immuables. Il apparaît dans des circonstances socio-historiques précises, et se déploie à un niveau d’interférences sémiotiques qui justifie cette double approche, philologique et historique. / Books of a new kind appeared out of the total wars and genocides of the twentieth century – testimonies. They are written by male and female survivors of extreme political violence, who, taking on the role of witnesses, decided to share their experiences with others by writing of the suffering they had undergone. Their mission consists in testifying what they saw and experienced, paying tribute to those who did not survive, questioning the mechanisms which led to mass murder, and opposing to the attempts to destroy human beings and their culture a reflection about living together and the ever-present possibility of the most fundamental social relationships falling apart. The corpus left by these witnesses is the object of study of this PhD dissertation, which has two aims: to describe, based on a close reading of the texts, partially aided by the tools of textometric analysis, the main characteristics of the genre, and to create the basis of a history of testimonies and their public and critical reception, using accounts which reveal such diverse experiences as trench warfare during the World War One, the concentration camps of the Nazi regime, and colonial violence in Algeria. In order to understand the generic specificity of these texts going beyond the diversity of the works and the events they proceed, it is necessary to define the underlying common project which forms a tradition, given that a genre is not defined according to unchanging ontological criteria. It appears in precise socio-historical circumstances, and is situated at a level of semiotic interference which justifies this dual philological and historical approach.

Thesis (PhD) Stellenbosch University, 2014 / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study investigates how the contextual frames of reference (CFRs) of the three extant Setswana Bibles – Moffat, Wookey and BSSA (Bible Society of South Africa) – could have impacted on their renderings of the book of Ruth. The fact that the Bibles were translated within contexts that differed from those of the Hebrew text of Ruth gives rise to the assumption that some of such contexts or frames could have had problematic influences on decision making during translation. Differing frames were assumed to have led to differences (i.e., translation shifts) between the translations and the Hebrew text. Such frames were hypothesised to have emanated from socio-cultural, textual, communication-situational and organisational circumstances pertaining to the making of the Hebrew text and the translations. Since contextual frames of various kinds presumably converged on the Setswana target texts (TTs), this study proposes an integrated multidisciplinary approach to frame analysis, namely, the cognitive CFR model. The framework, which is embedded in biblical interpretation, merges insights from other disciplines including translation studies, cognitive semantics and cultural studies. The translators‟ decisions are evaluated using the heuristic perspective of “an exegetically justifiable rendering.” The study identified indeed countless shifts in the three Setswana translations which resulted from hypothetical socio-cultural, organisational, communicational and textual factors. Moffat‟s shifts revealed a predomination of organisational CFRs throughout the book of Ruth. The organisational CFR also stood out occasionally for Wookey as well. BSSA did not show a predomination of any class of CFRs but manifested the least problematic CFRs. As far as the negative influences of CFRs were concerned, BSSA was the least affected, followed by Wookey and lastly Moffat. The study reveals that it could sometimes be simple, but other times also be difficult or impossible, depending on the pertinent CFR, to provide an exegetically justifiable rendering of an ST unit. Yet, it can be concluded from this study that an awareness of CFRs during translation or analysis of translations can contribute towards the improvement of existing translations or the reduction of problematic shifts in new Bible translation projects. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie studie ondersoek hoe die kontekstuele verwysingsraamwerke (KVRs) van die drie bestaande Setswana Bybels - Moffat, Wookey en BSA ( Bybelgenootskap van Suid-Afrika) – hulle weergawes van die boek Rut kon beïnvloed het. Die feit dat die Bybels vertaal is binne kontekste wat verskil van dié van die Hebreeuse teks van Rut, dra by tot die aanname dat van die kontekste of raamwerke moontlik ‟n problematiserende invloed op besluitneming tydens die vertalingsprosesse kon hê. Daar is aangeneem dat verskillende raamwerke lei tot verskille (byvoorbeeld: vertaalskuiwe) tussen die vertalings en die Hebreeuse teks. Daar is veronderstel dat sulke raamwerke spruit uit sosio-kulturele, tekstueel-kommunikatiewe en organisatoriese omstandighede van die vertaalproses asook die van die Hebreeuse teks. Aangesien verskillende soorte kontekstuele raamwerke vermoedelik ingespeel het op die Setswana teikentekste (TTs), fokus hierdie studie op 'n geïntegreerde multi-dissiplinêre benadering tot die raamwerk-analise, naamlik die kognitiewe KVR model. Die raamwerk, wat ingebed is in die veld van Bybelse interpretasie, kombineer insigte uit ander dissiplines, insluitend: vertaalkunde, kognitiewe semantiek en kulturele studies. Die vertaler se besluite word geëvalueer met behulp van die heuristiese perspektief van "'n eksegeties begrondbare vertaling." Die studie het inderdaad talle vertaalskuiwe in die drie Setswana vertalings geïdentifiseer wat teruggevoer kon word na hipotetiese sosio-kulturele, organisatoriese-, kommunikatiewe- en tekstuele faktore. Moffat se vertaalskuiwe vertoon ‟n dominansie van organisatoriese KVRs regdeur die boek Rut. Die invloed van organisatoriese KVR‟s is dikwels ook in Wookey geïdentifiseer. BSA vertoon egter nie „n oorheersing van enige klas van KVRs nie. Tewens, dit vertoon die minste problematiese KVRs. Sover die negatiewe invloede van KVRs betref, is BSA die minste geraak, gevolg deur Wookey en laastens Moffat. Die studie toon dat dit soms eenvoudig, maar ander kere ook moeilik of onmoontlik is, afhangend van die pertinente KVR, om 'n eksegeties-regverdigbare vertaling van 'n GT eenheid te bied. Tog, kan dit afgelei word uit hierdie studie dat 'n bewustheid van KVRs tydens vertaling of ontleding van vertalings kan bydra tot die verbetering van reeds bestaande vertalings of die vermindering van problematiese vertaalskuiwe in nuwe Bybelvertalingsprojekte.

In this thesis I develop a theological ethics of migration that is attentive to the contemporary global crisis of human migration. Using the fourfold sense of scripture, with particular attention to allegory, as reclaimed from patristic and medieval exegesis by Henri de Lubac, I investigate four biblical narratives that I will show are paradigmatic of biblical approaches to the treatment of migrants. These narratives include Exodus, the Book of Ruth, and the parables of the Good Samaritan and the Prodigal Son. I present an in-depth exegesis of these narratives as vital theological and ethical sources for addressing the contemporary migration crisis. The core claim I advance in this thesis is that migration is theologically significant for Christians because loving aliens is commended throughout scripture and the theme of hospitality to migrants is central to the prophetic witness of the Church to the nations. Refugees and migrants reveal the interconnected nature of the contemporary world, and I argue that the millions of people who are currently on the move from their home nations are not only an urgent humanitarian challenge to the global community, but an ethical and theological litmus test of contemporary global civilization. The existence of so many migrants and refugees in a global civilization divided into bordered nation-states, which is also daily joined by movements of people and goods in planes, ships and trucks, reveals inconsistencies in modern political conceptions of the nation-state and of the rights of citizens. I argue that longstanding theological traditions that speak of Christians as wanderers and aliens provide a valuable source for addressing and repairing these inconsistencies. In Part I, I address the politicization of migration and modern contradictions that arise between migration law and globalization, such as territorial sovereignty and economic liberalism, and I identify vestiges of social contract theories arising before and during the Enlightenment as preventing migration from being addressed in ways that acknowledge basic and profound truths about the interconnected nature of the world. I argue that without addressing these underlying issues, migration will remain an ongoing political and humanitarian problem. In Part II, I engage in biblical exegesis to develop ethical claims for Christians and the Church, and address the underlying issues identified in Part I. I will argue that the exegesis of these biblical narratives reveal that aid, care and rescue of migrants, even to the point of self-sacrifice, present contemporary Christians and others with the opportunity to rediscover the meaning of justice and citizenship on an interconnected planet.

This thesis examines three genres of the oral heritage of the Neo-Aramaic-speaking Jewish community of Zakho, Kurdistan: the proverb, the enriched biblical narrative, and the folktale. During the past three decades, there has been a renewed interest in research on Neo-Aramaic, and a substantial growth of research in the field has been seen. However, the contemporary study of Neo-Aramaic has been focused almost exclusively on linguistic description and analysis. Content-based aspects of the study of the language and its cultures have received very little attention. This thesis is a first step towards filling this gap. The introduction to the thesis provides background information about the Jewish community of Zakho and about the Neo-Aramaic subgroup to which the Jewish Zakho dialect belongs, North-Eastern Neo-Aramaic (NENA). It then gives a brief review of relevant aspects of the study of folklore, before providing a description of the database of audio recordings upon which this thesis is based. The first chapter presents several approaches to the study of the proverb (paremiology). It is argued that an important component for the understanding and analysis of proverbs, one that is often overlooked, is the context of each proverb. The second chapter analyses an example of the genre of enriched biblical narrative through the lens of a concept taken from the field of thematology: the motifeme - a small meaning-bearing contextual-structural unit of the narrative. It demonstrates the non-linear historical development of the sequence of motifemes in the narrative analysed here, a feature which is particularly typical of Jewish narratives. The folktale is a genre central to the formation and maintenance of the Jewish Zakho communal identity, and the third chapter contains a detailed analysis of one particular folktale. The folktale chosen for analysis in this chapter features a cross-culturally uncommon motif: the motif of magical gender transformation. The NENA materials contained in this thesis are transcribed and translated into English. They are drawn from a database of recordings of members of the Zakho community living now mainly in Jerusalem, and were collected in the course of fieldwork undertaken by the author.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--State University of New York at Binghamton, English Dept., 2006. / Includes bibliographical references.

Zugl.: Hamburg, Univ., Diss., 2007

Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Rhode Island, 2008. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 161-168).

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:26:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2006-11-10Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:14:18Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 miguel_maf_me_assis.pdf: 431082 bytes, checksum: b122c908469f0c975f870ba10dcad5b2 (MD5) / O presente trabalho tem por objetivo central o levantamento sistemático das obras escritas pela escritora Ruth Rocha (1931), bem como da produção crítica produzida sobre sua obra (em livros, teses, dissertações, artigos científicos, artigos de divulgação publicados em jornais e revistas). Além disso, é realizada uma reflexão introdutória sobre as principais tendências observadas no conjunto dessa produção crítica. Motivou a realização do trabalho o fato de a autora destacar-se significativamente em meio aos escritores que compõem a geração de 70 da literatura infanto-juvenil brasileira, num momento em que esta passa por profundas transformações, incorporando-se definitivamente à indústria cultural e contando com o mecenatismo do Estado, comprador e distribuidor de grandes tiragens de obras infantojuvenis para escolas e bibliotecas de todo o Brasil. Num primeiro momento da dissertação, é apresentada uma rápida visão geral dos caminhos trilhados pelo gênero infanto-juvenil, enfatizando a questão do utilitarismo e do mercado. Em seguida, são organizados dados sobre a vida da autora, coletados em diversas fontes (entre elas, muitas entrevistas), no intuito de constituir um apanhado biográfico geral sobre Ruth Rocha. No capítulo subseqüente, procurase levantar o estado da questão referente à produção crítica sobre a obra da escritora, com base em dados extraídos da crítica profissional e da imprensa não especializada. Finalmente, é feito um amplo levantamento dos títulos literários publicados pela escritora. / The present work has for central objective the systematic rising of the works written by writer Ruth Rocha (1931), as well as of the critical production produced on your work (in books, theses, dissertations, scientific goods, popularization goods published in newspapers and magazines). besides, an introductory reflection is accomplished on the main tendencies observed in the group of that critical production. It motivated the accomplishment of the work the author's fact he/she to stand out significantly amid the writers that compose the generation of 70 of the Brazilian infantile-juvenile literature, in one moment in that this raisin for deep transformations, incorporating definitively to the cultural industry and counting with the sponsor of the State, buyer and distributor of great circulations of infantile-juvenile works for schools and libraries of the whole Brazil. In a first moment of the dissertation, a fast general vision of the roads is presented thrashed by the infantile-juvenile gender, emphasizing the subject of the utilitarian and of the market. Soon after, they are organized data about the author's life, collected in several sources (among them, many interviews), in the intention of constituting has been hit biographical general on Ruth Rocha. In the subsequent chapter, he/she tries to get up the state of the subject regarding the critical production on the writer's work, with base in extracted data of the professional critic and of the press non specialized. Finally, it is made a wide rising of the literary titles published by the writer.

The primary aim of the study is to investigate the effectiveness of professional teacher development for a group of teachers at full-service schools (FSSs), who are the implementers of inclusive education according to Education White Paper 6, the inclusive education policy in South Africa. The researcher used ontological and epistemological assumptions, as well as specific social research methodologies. This created a scientific grounding for the findings of the study. The methodology included a qualitative research approach and research design. Focus group interviews and observation were used for data collection. In this study purposive sampling was used. The participants in this study were chosen because of their teaching experience at full-service schools; sampling was therefore done with a purpose. Phenomenology is used in the study to decide what happens in the lived experiences of the focus group interviewees, who were teachers at full-service schools. This helped the researcher to better understand the needs and problems of the participants. During qualitative data analysis the information was organised, arranged and prepared systematically and classified into themes and categories and then coding followed. The analysis showed that in the absence of an appropriate model for professional teacher development for FSSs, the teachers at the schools were not in a position to implement inclusive education adequately. The researcher proposes a framework that is based on the ecological systems theory of Bronfenbrenner, taking the intervention collaborative framework designed by the researcher based on findings and recommendations into consideration. The collaboration among stakeholders in the different levels would encourage teamwork in the development of the FSS teacher. The full-service school teacher is influenced by various elements, the learner with diverse needs in the classroom, members of the management team, the school-based support team and colleagues at school. Members of the district-based support team, the school governing body, as well as members from the wider school community all have an influence on a teacher’s development as a professional person. / Inclusive Education / D. Ed. (Inclusive Education)

Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-08T16:03:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 122484.pdf: 11000839 bytes, checksum: 1e7b1de2df0e53705be71712ef56c270 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-03-31 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Who was Ruth Escobar? Is it possible to answer this question? The uniqueness of a person, the point of view adopted by this thesis, is only understandable when it comes to a bigger perception of it s individuality as a subject of it s social context. Through this outlook, I aim to comprehend the paths walked by Ruth Escobar betIen 1935 and 1990, when she undertook a series of professional activities and sociopolitical fights. With this time frame 1935 to 1990 and the access to countless unpublished documents was possible to establish a multifaceted view to Ruth Escobar and built a life narrative understood as the report of this practices. To review this 55 years frame, focusing on the quality of the being allow us to notice several artistic and politic practices which counted on the initial boost or the later involvement, but still relevant, of Ruth Escobar. In order to better narrate the dimension of what was lived, I built eight sides of this character, which are related to well defined features as experiences, made with or from her personal involvement. To this sides I sought titles that encapsulated the essence of the practice I narrate at the chapter in question. The titles, related to the chapters structure of this thesis, were created in order to retell the course of our character: the Adventurous, the Newbie, the Producer, the Rebel, the Mastermind, the Resistant, the Feminist, the Resurrected. Eight different looks to the experiences lived by Ruth Escobar. It stands out that this report was written from the intersection of written documents and oral sources. The written documents are mostly centered on the journalistic material and documents released from the dungeons of the last Brazilian censorship. To complement the textual narrative, I organized at the end of each chapter an image dossier, many of them unpublished in Brazil and Portugal. The study of the different paths followed by Ruth Escobar, as an actress, producer, businesswoman, feminist, deputy and cultural agent, make possible a reading of the events and of the society in which Escobar was involved. It allows, mostly, to understand the transformations that took place on the São Paulo Theater and it s reflections on the theater made in Brazil, and as a result, aligning the Brazilian theater to the scenic and politic avant garde of the XX century. / Quem foi Ruth Escobar? É possível responder a essa questão? A unicidade de uma pessoa, do ponto de vista adotado nesta tese, só é compreensível na percepção maior de sua individualidade, enquanto sujeito inserido em seu contexto social. Desta perspectiva, procurase compreender as trajetórias percorridas por Ruth Escobar entre 1935 e 1990, quando esta empreendeu uma série de atividades profissionais e de lutas sócio-políticas. Com este recorte temporal 1935 a 1990 e o acesso a inúmeros documentos, ainda não trabalhados na historiografia teatral brasileira, foi possível estabelecer um olhar multifacetado para Ruth Escobar, e construir uma narrativa de vida compreendida como relato de práticas. Ao olhar esse tempo de cinquenta e cinco anos, privilegiando o nível do indivíduo, percebe-se as inúmeras práticas, artísticas e políticas, que contaram com o impulso inicial ou com envolvimento posterior, porém muito relevante, de Ruth Escobar. Para melhor narrar essa dimensão do vivido, construiu-se oito facetas dessa personagem, que correspondem a traços bem definidos enquanto experiências elaborados com ou a partir de seu envolvimento pessoal. Para essas facetas procurei encontrar um título que sintetizasse a essência da prática que eu estava relatando no conjunto do capítulo em questão. Para recontar o percurso dessa personagem foram elaborados os seguintes títulos, em sequência com a estrutura dos capítulos desta tese: A Aventureira, A Novata, A Produtora, A Rebelada, A Organizadora, A Resistente, A Feminista, A Ressurgida. Estes foram os oito diferentes olhares para as experiências vivenciadas por Ruth Escobar. Ressalta-se que esse relato foi elaborado a partir do cruzamento de fontes orais e documentos escritos. Sendo esses último centrados, em sua grande maioria, em material jornalístico e documentos liberados dos porões da censura da última ditadura brasileira. Para complementar essa narrativa textual, elaborei ao final de cada capítulo, um dossiê de imagens, muitas delas inéditas no Brasil e em Portugal. O estudos dos diferentes caminhos trilhados por Ruth Escobar enquanto atriz, produtora, empresaria, feminista, deputada e agente cultural, tornam possível uma leitura dos acontecimentos e da sociedade na qual ela estava inserida. Permite, principalmente, compreender as transformações ocorridas no teatro paulista, e as suas reverberações no teatro praticado no Brasil, e, como consequência, alinhando o teatro brasileiro às vanguardas cênicas, e políticas, do século XX.