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Electric field sensing near the surface microstructure of an atom chip using cold Rydberg atomsCarter, Jeffrey David January 2013 (has links)
This thesis reports experimental observations of electric fields using Rydberg atoms, including dc field measurements near the surface of an atom chip, and demonstration of
measurement techniques for ac fields far from the surface. Associated theoretical results
are also presented, including Monte Carlo simulations of the decoherence of Rydberg states
in electric field noise as well as an analytical calculation of the statistics of dc electric field
inhomogeneity near polycrystalline metal surfaces.
DC electric fields were measured near the heterogeneous metal and dielectric surface of
an atom chip using optical spectroscopy on cold atoms released from the trapping potential.
The fields were attributed to charges accumulating in the dielectric gaps between the wires
on the chip surface. The field magnitude and direction depend on the details of the dc
biasing of the chip wires, suggesting that fields may be minimized with appropriate biasing.
Techniques to measure ac electric fields were demonstrated far from the chip surface,
using the decay of a coherent superposition of two Rydberg states of cold atoms. We have
used the decay of coherent Rabi oscillations to place some bounds on the magnitude and
frequency dependence of ac field noise.
The rate of decoherence of a superposition of two Rydberg states was calculated with
Monte Carlo simulations. The states were assumed to have quadratic Stark shifts and the
power spectrum of the electric field noise was assumed to have a power-law dependence
of the form 1/f^κ. The decay is exponential at long times for both free evolution of the
superposition and and Hahn spin-echo sequences with a π refocusing pulse applied to
eliminate the effects of low-frequency field noise. This decay time may be used to calculate
the magnitude of the field noise if κ is known.
The dc field inhomogeneity near polycrystalline metal surfaces due to patch potentials
on the surface has been calculated, and the rms field scales with distance to the surface as
1/z^2. For typical evaporated metal surfaces the magnitude of the rms field is comparable
to the image field of an elementary charge near the surface.
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Theoretical study of atomic processes and dynamics in ultracold plasmasBalaraman, Gouthaman S.. January 2008 (has links)
Thesis (Ph.D)--Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009. / Committee Chair: M. R. Flannery; Committee Member: John Wood; Committee Member: Michael Schatz; Committee Member: Rigoberto Hernandez; Committee Member: Turgay Uzer. Part of the SMARTech Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Collection.
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Untersuchung von Autoionisationsresonanzen in Krypton und Xenon mit photoneninduzierter Fluoreszenzspektroskopie nach Anregung mit schmalbandiger SynchrotronstrahlungKlumpp, Stephan. Unknown Date (has links)
Univ., Diss., 2009--Kassel.
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Bildung schwachgebundener atomarer negativer Ionen in Stößen mit zustandsselektierten Rydberg-AtomenReicherts, Monika. Unknown Date (has links) (PDF)
Universiẗat, Diss., 2000--Kaiserslautern.
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Mistura de quatro ondas em átomos de rubídio envolvendo estados de RydbergMelo, Natalia Rodrigues de 24 July 2014 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2014-07-24 / CNPq;
FACEPE. / Neste trabalho, aplicamos a técnica de mistura de quatro ondas para estudar a resposta nãolinear
de uma amostra constituída de átomos de Rb, em vapor, com excitações ressonantes por
dois e três fótons. As ressonâncias por dois fótons envolvem estados altamente excitados, estados
de Rydberg, que podem ser acessados seletivamente, possibilitando uma comparação direta
da resposta devido aos diferentes estados nd e (n+2)s, com n variando entre 14 e 20. Neste
sistema, investigamos as propriedades do sinal gerado coerentemente em função da intensidade
dos feixes incidentes e da densidade atômica. Duas configurações foram estudadas: i) colinear,
onde os feixes de excitação incidem na amostra em uma mesma direção, e ii) de feixes cruzados,
onde introduzimos um ângulo de cruzamento, q , entre os feixes incidentes. A variação da
intensidade do sinal gerado com os números quânticos n e l permite uma clara distinção dos
vários caminhos de excitação, incluindo as diferentes contribuições dos níveis de estrutura-fina
dos estados 5p e 6p. Na configuração colinear e em altas densidades atômicas dois efeitos são
analisados: i) a supressão do sinal gerado na posição da ressonância de três fótons, devido a
efeitos de interferência destrutiva entre os campos incidentes e os campos gerados na amostra;
e ii) um alargamento no perfil das linhas espectrais correspondentes às ressonâncias de dois
fótons, indicando uma contribuição de mecanismos de auto-alargamento. Na configuração de
feixes cruzados, investigamos o efeito cooperativo de deslocamento em frequência relacionado
à ressonância de três fótons, o qual apresenta uma dependência tanto com a densidade atômica
como com a interação com o próprio campo gerado. Mostramos que esses resultados, incluindo
os efeitos de deslocamento em frequência e de casamento de fase, podem ser bem descritos por
um modelo teórico simples baseado nas equações de Maxwell-Bloch semiclassicas, com um
tratamento perturbativo nos campos incidentes. Em particular, obtemos uma estimativa para a
seção de choque de auto-alargamento associada às coerências induzidas por dois fótons, bem
como, uma boa descrição da dependência com q do deslocamento em frequência cooperativo.
A etapa final deste trabalho envolve a montagem e caracterização de uma armadilha magnetoótica
de Rb, visando o estudo da interação entre estados excitados a partir da coerência induzida
por processos não-lineares.
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Single ytterbium atoms in an optical tweezer array: high-resolution spectroscopy, single-photon Rydberg excitation, and a scheme for nondestructive detection / 単一イッテルビウム原子光ピンセットアレイ:超狭線幅分光と1光子リドベルグ励起及び非破壊検出スキームOkuno, Daichi 25 July 2022 (has links)
付記する学位プログラム名: 京都大学卓越大学院プログラム「先端光・電子デバイス創成学」 / 京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(理学) / 甲第24123号 / 理博第4851号 / 新制||理||1694(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院理学研究科物理学・宇宙物理学専攻 / (主査)教授 高橋 義朗, 教授 石田 憲二, 教授 田中 耕一郎 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Science / Kyoto University / DFAM
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Interaction of Rydberg hydrogen atoms with metal surfacesSo, Eric January 2011 (has links)
This thesis presents a theoretical and experimental investigation of the interaction of electronically excited Rydberg hydrogen atoms with metal surfaces and the associated charge-transfer process. As a Rydberg atom approaches a metal surface, the energies of the Rydberg states are perturbed by the surface potential generated by the image charges of the Rydberg electron and core. At small atom-surface separations, the Rydberg atom may be ionised by resonant charge transfer of the Rydberg electron to the continuum of delocalised unoccupied metal states, with which the Rydberg electron is degenerate in energy. Typically, this ‘surface ionisation’ can be measured by extracting the remaining positively charged ion-cores with externally applied electric fields. By applying various levels of theory, from classical to fully time-dependent quantum calculations, this thesis explores various experimentally relevant effects on the charge-transfer process, such as the magnitude and direction of the externally applied electric field, the atom collisional velocity, the presence of local surface stray fields and electronically structured surfaces. The theoretical results give insight into the previous experimental work carried out for the xenon atom and hydrogen molecule, and point out some of the fundamental differences from the hydrogen atom system. Experiments involving Rydberg hydrogen atoms incident on an atomically flat gold surface, a rough machined aluminium surface and a single crystal copper (100) surface are presented, providing for the first time the opportunity to make a quantitative comparison of theory and experiments. The ability to control the critical distance at which charge-transfer occurs is demonstrated by using Rydberg states of varying dimensions and collisional velocities. By changing the collisional angle of the incident Rydberg beam, the effect of Rydberg trajectory is also investigated. By manipulating the polarisation of the Rydberg electron with electric fields, genuine control over the orientation of the electron density distribution in the charge-transfer process is demonstrated. This property was predicted by the theory and should be unique to the hydrogen atom due to its intrinsic symmetry. By reversing the direction of the electric field with respect to the metal surface, electrons rather than positive ions are detected, with ionisation dynamics that appear to be very different, as predicted by quantum calculations. Experiments involving the single crystal Cu(100) surface also suggests possible resonance effects from image states embedded in the projected bandgap which are shown from quantum calculations to play an important role in the surface charge transfer of electronically structured metal substrates. The experimental technique developed in this work provides some exciting future applications to study quantum confinement effects with thin films, nanoparticles and other bandgap surfaces. The ability to control the Rydberg orbital size, electronic energy, collisional velocity and orientation in the charge-transfer process will provide novel ways of probing the surface’s electronic and physical structure, as well as being a valuable feature in offering new opportunities for controlling reactive processes at metallic surfaces.
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Medida do tempo de vida de estados de Rydberg em átomos frios de 85 Rb / Lifetime measurement of Rydberg states of 85 using a sample of cold atomsMagalhães, Kilvia Mayre Farias 23 July 1999 (has links)
Neste trabalho apresentamos os primeiros resultados sobre medida do tempo de vida de estados de Rydberg utilizando átomos frios confinados em uma armadilha magneto-optica de 85Rb. Medidas de tempo de vida de estados altamente excitados são importantes para o teste de teorias modernas sobre interação átomo-vácuo; desta forma medidas precisas são necessárias. A utilização de átomos frios apresenta várias vantagens quando comparadas com técnicas convencionais. Entre elas podemos citar a possibilidade de observação do sistema atômico por longos períodos (>100 µs), e o controle da densidade de forma eficiente para evitar a manifestação de efeitos indesejáveis (colisões, superradiância) que limitam a precisão da medida. Apresentamos a medida do tempo de vida do estado 27D e 38S e comparamos os resultados experimentais com previsões teóricas de diferentes modelos. Algumas discrepâncias são observadas, o que reforça a necessidade da obtenção de um conjunto maior de medidas incluindo outros níveis para indicar qual modelo teórico é mais próximo da realidade. / In this work we present our first results on lifetime measurement of Rydberg states using cold atoms held in a magneto-optical trap of 85Rb. Lifetime measurements of highly excited states are important for testing modern theories on atom-vaccum interaction, therefore precise measurements are required. The use of cold atoms presents some advantage when compared with conventional techniques. Among them we cam point out the possibility of atomic observation for long periods of time (<100 µs), the atomic density control in order to avoid undesired effects (such collisions and superradiance) which can limit the measurement precision. We present the lifetime measurement of 27D and 38S states and compared the experimental results with theoretical prediction using different models. Some discrepancies are observed, which indicates the need of a large set of measurement for other states in order to indicate the best model.
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Estudo de colisões entre átomos de Rydberg ultrafrios em amostras atômicas aprisionadas numa armadilha óptica de dipolo / Study of collisions between ultracold Rydberg atoms in atomic samples trapped in an optical dipole trapKondo, Jorge Douglas Massayuki 18 December 2014 (has links)
Neste trabalho, estudamos colisões entre átomos de Rydberg ultrafrios em uma amostra atômica de alta densidade aprisionada em uma armadilha óptica de dipolo (AOD) tipo QUEST (Quasi Electrostatic Trap). Nossos objetivos incluíam testar a manifestação de fenômenos de muitos corpos bem como estudar efeitos de anisotropia nos processos colisionais envolvendo dois corpos. Para isso, escolhemos o processo colisional descrito por 5/2+5/2(+2)3/2+(2)7/2 no intervalo de 37 ≤ ≤47. O processo foi estudado na ausência e presença de campo elétrico estático, originando as ressonâncias Förster. Os resultados mostram que mesmo em alta densidade atômica o processo de dois corpos domina a interação, apesar da clara manifestação do bloqueio dipolar. Após modificações na montagem experimental, estudamos um dos picos da ressonância Förster 375/2+375/2393/2+357/2 em função da direção e amplitude em relação ao eixo longitudinal da AOD. Discutimos os resultados e os desafios futuros do experimento. / In this paper, we study collisions between ultracold Rydberg atoms in a high density atomic sample trapped in an optical dipole trap (ODT), type QUEST (Quasi Electrostatic Trap). Our goals included testing the manifestation of many-body phenomena and to study anisotropy effects in collisional processes involving two Rydberg atoms. In order to do this, we have chosen the collision process described by 5/2+5/2(+2)3/2+(2)7/2 in the range of 37 ≤ ≤47. The process was studied in the presence and absence of a dc static electric field, also known as Förster resonances. The results show that even at high atomic density, two-body interaction dominates de process, despite the clear manifestation of Rydberg blockade. After several improvements in our experimental setup, we have studied also a Förster resonance peak 375/2+375/2393/2+357/2 as a function of the magnitude of the dc static electric field as well as the angle between this field and the longitudinal axis of the ODT. We discuss the results and future challenges of the experiment.
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Construção de uma armadilha de dipolo tipo QUEST para átomos de Rydberg / Construction of a QUEST dipole trap for Rydberg atomsGonçalves, Luis Felipe Barbosa Faria 28 March 2012 (has links)
Neste trabalho, descrevemos a construção de uma armadilha óptica de dipolo, tipo Quest, para átomos de Rydberg utilizando um laser de CO2 de alta potência. A amostra aprisionada apresenta aproximadamente 3 × 106 átomos de 85Rb numa densidade 4 × 1011 átomos/cm3, em temperaturas da ordem 30 µK. O tempo de vida da armadilha é da ordem de 200 ms. Neste sistema, observamos a fotoionização dos estados de Rydberg devido ao laser de CO2 em 10, 6 µm, contudo fomos incapazes de quantificá-lo. Além disso, medimos o tempo de vida do estado 37D do Rb na armadilha de dipolo, o resultado foi compatível ao encontrado na literatura. Em suma, o sistema esta operante para experimentos mais complexos. / In this work, we describe the implementation of a QUEST dipole trap for Rydberg atoms using a CO2 high power laser. The trapped atomic sample has approximately 3 × 106 85Rb atoms, at a density of 4 × 1011 atoms/cm3 and a temperature of about 30 µK. The trap lifetime is about 200 ms. We observed photoionization of the Rydberg states due to the CO2 laser at 10, 6 µK, however we were unable to quantify it. Furthermore, we measured the 37D state lifetime of the Rb in the dipole trap, the experimental result was in agreement with the literature. In summary, the system is fully operating for more complex experiments.
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