The scope of this thesis investigates value added by a turbocharger with an associated motor-generator unit to a diesel engine used by a commercial vehicle. A thermodynamic model of the engine was prepared in GT-SUITE software. Case studies were primary focused on a reduction of specific fuel consumption as well as a nitrogen oxides production using an energy recuperation of exhaust gas. Furthermore, there are described potential benefits of using an electric assistance in order to increase an exhaust gas temperature during a steady state engine operation. Additionally, there is an investigation of potential benefits of a turbocharger assistance in a transition engine mode operating during rapid acceleration of the vehicle. The results of individual analysis will be taken into account for a selection of turbocharger regarding specific engine implementation. The results of simulation suggest that it is possible to lower specific fuel consumption, production of nitrogen oxides, as well as accelerate turbocharger response.

The objective of the presented diploma thesis is reduction of nitrogen oxides from the flue gas stream on catalyst under non-standart conditions. Emphasis is places on the description of selected pollutants in flue gas (especially nitrogen oxides), legislative requirements for air protection and technologies for removal of nitrogen oxides, expecially methods of selective catalytic and non-catalytic reduction. The practical part is devoted to the reduction of nitrogen oxides by selective catalytic reduction on a pilot plant INTEQ II in the laboratory NETME Center. The subject of interest is the determination of the NOx reduction efficiency depend on the temperature for selected catalyst. The end of the practical part pursues with comparison of measurement results and their evaluation.

No description available.

京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(エネルギー科学) / 甲第24253号 / エネ博第451号 / 新制||エネ||84(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院エネルギー科学研究科エネルギー変換科学専攻 / (主査)教授 川那辺 洋, 教授 林 潤, 教授 澄川 貴志 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Energy Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

Comparative studies over micro-/mesoporous Cu-containing zeolites ZSM-5 prepared by top-down treatment involving NaOH, TPAOH or mixture of NaOH/TPAOH (tetrapropylammonium hydroxide) were conducted. The results of the catalytic data revealed the highest activity of the Cu-ZSM-5 catalyst both in the absence and presence of water vapor. The physico-chemical characterization (diffuse reflectance UV-Vis (DR UV-Vis), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy, temperature-programmed desorption of NOx (TPD-NOx), and microkinetic modeling) results indicated that the microporous structure of ZSM-5 effectively stabilized isolated Cu ion monomers. Besides the attempts targeted to the modification of the textural properties of the parent ZSM-5, in the next approach, we studied the effect of the co-presence of sodium and copper cations in the microporous H-ZSM-5. The presence of co-cation promoted the evolution of [Cu–O–Cu]2+ dimers that bind NOx strongly with the desorption energy barrier of least 80 kJ mol−1. Water presence in the gas phase significantly decreases the rate of ammonia oxidation, while the reaction rates and activation energies of NH3-SCR remain unaffected.

Nanosized SSZ-13 was synthesized hydrothermally by applying N,N,N-trimethyl-1-adamantammonium hydroxide (TMAdaOH) as a structure-directing agent. In the next step, the quantity of TMAdaOH in the initial synthesis mixture of SSZ-13 was reduced by half. Furthermore, we varied the sodium hydroxide concentration. After ion-exchange with copper ions (Cu2+ and Cu+), the Cu-SSZ-13 catalysts were characterized to explore their framework composition (XRD, solid-state NMR, ICP-OES), texture (N2-sorption, SEM) and acid/redox properties (FT-IR, TPR-H2, DR UV-Vis, EPR). Finally, the materials were tested in the selective catalytic reduction of NOx with ammonia (NH3-SCR). The main difference between the Cu-SSZ-13 catalysts was the number of Cu2+ in the double six-membered ring (6MRs). Such copper species contribute to a high NH3-SCR activity. Nevertheless, all materials show comparable activity in NH3-SCR up to 350 °C. Above 350 °C, NO conversion decreased for Cu-SSZ-13(2–4) due to side reaction of NH3 oxidation.

Les travaux développés dans cette thèse portent sur la "co-conception diagnostic / ordonnancement des mesures dans un système contrôlé en réseau" qui est un sujet multidisciplinaire nécessitant des compétences en théorie du contrôle et en théorie des réseaux. La thèse a pour but de développer, dans le contexte des systèmes contrôlés en réseau, une approche de co-conception qui intègre de façon coordonnée les caractéristiques qui expriment la performance du diagnostic des défauts et les paramètres de l'ordonnancement temps-réel des messages. L'intérêt de cette approche coordonnée réside essentiellement dans la minimisation des ressources nécessaires pour atteindre la performance du diagnostic requise, minimisation qui prend tout son sens dans le contexte des systèmes embarqués. Nous nous sommes intéressés plus particulièrement à l'étude des problèmes liés à l'élaboration d'algorithmes de diagnostic efficaces et adaptés aux caractéristiques de l'application de façon tout en prenant en compte différents types de contraintes liées au réseau. En conjonction avec ces algorithmes, deux ensembles de techniques d'ordonnancement des mesures ont été développés : - ordonnancement hors ligne - ordonnancement évènementiel en ligne Pour l'ordonnancement hors ligne, les séquences de communication sont conçues en amont, préalablement à la mise en oeuvre de l'algorithme de diagnostic (implémentation). D'autre part, nous proposons aussi des techniques d'ordonnancement en ligne basées sur l'échantillonnage évènementiel développé au cours de la dernière décennie. Au contraire de la plupart des recherches en automatique classique, considérant que l'échantillonnage des signaux continus est réalisé d'une manière périodique, les mesures dans cette approche sont transmises si et seulement si la condition de transmission (évènement) est vérifiée / The works developed in this thesis deal with 'fault diagnosis and sensor scheduling co-design' in networked control system. This multidisciplinary subject requires theoretical knowledge in both fault diagnosis and communication networks. Our contribution consists in developing a co-design approach that integrates in the same framework the characteristics of fault diagnosis performance and real time sensor scheduling. The main benefit of this approach is minimizing the required network resources for attending acceptable fault diagnosis performances. We are interested in the development of more efficient and more adapted for real time implementation fault diagnosis algorithms while taking into account different types of communication constraints. In conjunction with these algorithms, two sets of sensor scheduling techniques are used : - Off-line scheduling - On-line scheduling (event triggered sampling) For off-line scheduling, the communication sequences are designed before the implementation of the diagnostic algorithm. In this context, we proposed several techniques for scheduling with different spatial and temporal complexity and adapted to different operating condition for the detection and the isolation of faults based on the information provided by the selected communication sequences. Moreover, we deal also with on-line scheduling techniques based on the event triggered sampling developed during the last decade. In This approach measurement packets are transmitted if and only if the transmission condition (event) is verified. This saves resources provided by the network while maintaining acceptable performance of fault diagnosis. The objective of these algorithms is to minimize the number of transmitted information which means less energy consumption and has a major importance in wireless networked control systems

In appetitive conditioning, a neutral stimulus (CS) is conditioned to elicit a positive emotional response by pairing it with a positive/appetitive unconditioned stimulus (US). This method is useful for studying emotional disorders and emotion in general. Studying appetitive conditioning in humans has been hampered by the lack of adequate positive unconditioned stimuli. This study investigated multimodal social stimuli as potential unconditioned stimuli in an appetitive conditioning paradigm. Neutral faces (CS+’giggle’ and CS+’woohoo’) were paired with two multimodal unconditioned stimuli consisting of the same smiling face and two different sound stimuli (US‘giggle’ and US‘woohoo’). The dependent variable was participant skin conductance response (SCR) alongside participant emotional ratings of the stimuli, that together indexes the conditioned response. CS+’giggle’ was hypothesized to be rated as happier, and less fearful than CS+’woohoo’. Successful conditioning was evidenced by higher happiness ratings for both stimuli after acquisition compared to habituation. However, no effect of acquisition was found on SCR.  US’woohoo’ was also rated as more fearful and arousing and less happy and pleasant than the US’giggle’. In sum, this thesis presents a paradigm that can be used in future studies on appetitive conditioning.

Steel Catenary Riser (SCR) is a popular solution for a floating production facility in the deep and ultra-deep ocean. In the analysis of SCR, the behavioral characteristics are investigated to check the failure modes by assessing the magnitude and the frequency of the stress and strain which SCR goes through in time series. SCR is affected by the motions of connected floating production facility and exciting environmental loads. The driven force and motion of SCR has an interaction with seabed soil which represents the stiffness and friction force where SCR touches the seabed. Dynamic response of SCR is primarily caused by the coupled motion of floating structure. The displacement of floating structure is often large and fast enough to cause short cycles of negative and positive tension on SCR. The interaction between SCR and seabed is concentrated at the touchdown zone resulting into the compression and corresponding deformation of pipeline at the position. This paper presents models of floating production facilities and connected mooring lines and SCRs in 100-year hurricane environmental loads and seabed, focusing on the motional characteristics of SCR at the touchdown zone. In time series simulation, the model of SCR is first analyzed as a pipeline with indefinite elasticity so that the SCR does not fail even if the exciting loads exceed the property limit of SCR. Then the SCR design is manually checked using criteria for each failure mode to estimate the integrity.

The reaction mechanism for the selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of nitric oxide by ammonia on (010) V2O5 surface represented by a V2O9H8 cluster was simulated by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The computations indicated that SCR reaction consisted of three main parts. In the first part ammonia activation on Br&oslash / nsted acidic V-OH site as NH4+ species by a nonactivated process takes place. The second part includes the interaction of NO with pre-adsorbed NH4 + species to eventually form nitrosamide (NH2NO). The rate limiting step for this part as well as for the total SCR reaction is identified as NH3NHO formation reaction. The last part consists of the decomposition of NH2NO on the cluster which takes advantage of a hydrogen transfer mechanism between the active V=O and V-OH groups. Water and ammonia adsorption and dissociation are investigated on (101) and (001) anatase surfaces both represented by totally fixed and partially relaxed Ti2O9H10 clusters. Adsorption of H2O and NH3 by H-bonding on previously H2O and NH3 dissociated systems are also considered. By use of a (001) relaxed Ti2O9H10 cluster, the role of anatase support on SCR reaction is investigated. Since NH2NO formation on Ti2O9H10 cluster requires lower activation barriers than on V2O5 surface, it is proposed that the role of titanium dioxide on SCR reaction could be forming NH2NO. The role of vanadium oxide is crucial in terms of dissociating this product into H2O and N2. Finally, NH3 adsorption is studied on a V2TiO14H14 cluster which represents a model for vanadia/titania surface.