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Seasonal and non-seasonal Susceptible-Exposed-Infective-Recovered-Susceptible (SEIRS) models are formulated and analyzed. It is proved that the disease-free steady state of the non-seasonal model is locally asymptotically stable if Rv < 1, and disease invades if Rv > 1. For the seasonal SEIRS model, it is shown that the disease-free periodic solution is locally asymptotically stable when R̅v < 1, and I(t) is persistent with sustained oscillations when R̅v > 1. Numerical simulations indicate that the orbit representing I(t) decays when R̅v < 1 < Rv. The seasonal SEIRS model with routine and pulse vaccination is simulated, and results depict an unsustained decrease in the maximum of prevalence of infectives upon the introduction of routine vaccination and a sustained decrease as pulse vaccination is introduced in the population. Mortality data of pneumonia and influenza is collected and analyzed. A decomposition of the data is analyzed, trend and seasonality effects ascertained, and a forecasting strategy proposed.

The drastic growth in the tourism industry is continuously raising questions for destinations regarding competitiveness in today's global market share. For small island destinations, destination management in the terms of marketing is a crucial factor that defines the competitiveness and success of smaller islands in order to remain competitive and economically benefit in the fast growing tourism industry. The purpose of this study was to uncover specific marketing strategies that needed to be incorporated within small island tourism destinations. To fill in the knowledge gap within the marketing of small island tourism, a case study was conducted by examining the challenges and opportunities in two small islands, Öland and Gotland, located in Sweden. The findings of the case study revealed the significance of cultural tourism and its role in the marketing of the destinations. The cultural attributes include the importance of heritage and nature; by providing unique travel attributes that step out of the typical 3S (sea, sun, sand). The findings were looked upon from local residents, businesses, and local tourism organizations which both concluded that cultural attributes are important factors to consider to solve the seasonality challenges with a clear market segmentation in order to continually remain competitive.

This paper serves to address the effect of time on the sales of clothing retail, from 2010 to May 2019. The data was retrieved from the US Census, where N=113 observations were used, which were plotted to observe their trends. Once outliers and transformations were performed, the best model was fit, and diagnostic review occurred. Inspections for seasonality and forecasting was also conducted. The final model came out to be an ARIMA (2,0,1). Slight seasonality was present, but not enough to drastically influence the trends. Our results serve to highlight the economic growth of clothing retail sales for the past 8 years, cementing the significance of the production economy's stability. The quarterly GDP data was collected in order to find out the relationship with the differenced clothing data. Some observations of GDP data were affected by the clothing data before removing the seasonality. After removing the seasonality, the clothing expense is white noise and not predictable from the historical GDP.

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Organisational culture is a complex phenomenon that has received a lot of attention in research. Nevertheless, most of the studies on organisational culture concern the traditional organisation and there is a lack of research on how organisational culture is perceived in a start-up. Therefore, this study aims at examining the stories of organisational members working in a start-up operating seasonally. The study reveals that flexibility is perceived as a main principle of the organisation, and dives deeper into what flexibility represents for this type of the business. The flexibility is two-fold and is perceived as favourable but the organisational members also acknowledge disadvantages of flexible working and identify chaos and stress as the main disadvantage. This qualitative immersive study explains why flexibility as the principle of the business might sabotage the growth of the organisation. The study contributes to deeper understanding of organisational culture and its influence on effectiveness, understanding of what it means to be a start-up, and provides insights on challenges that start-ups operating seasonally need to deal with.