Si les drones militaires connaissent un développement important depuis une quinzaine d’année, suivi depuis quelques années par les drones civiles dont les usages ne font que se multiplier, en réalité les drones ont un siècle avec le premier vol d’un avion équipé d’un système de pilotage automatique sur une centaine de kilomètre en 1918. La question des règles d’usage des drones civiles sont en cours de développement malgré leur multiplication pour des usages allant de l’agriculture, à l’observation en passant par la livraison de colis. Ainsi, leur intégration dans l’espace aérien reste un enjeu important, ainsi que les standards de communication avec ces drones dans laquelle s’inscrit cette thèse. Cette thèse vise en effet à étudier et proposer des solutions pour les liens de communications des drones par satellite.L’intégration de ce lien de communication permet d’assurer la fiabilité des communications et particulièrement du lien de Commande et Contrôle partout dans le monde, en s’affranchissant des contraintes d’un réseau terrestre (comme les zones blanches). En raison de la rareté des ressources fréquentielles déjà allouées pour les futurs systèmes intégrant des drones, l’efficacité spectrale devient un paramètre important pour leur déploiement à grande échelle et le contexte spatiale demande l’utilisation d’un système de communication robuste aux non-linéarités. Les Modulations à Phase Continue permettent de répondre à ces problématiques. Cependant, ces dernières sont des modulations non-linéaire à mémoire entraînant une augmentation de la complexité des récepteurs. Du fait de la présence d’un canal multi-trajet (canal aéronautique par satellite), le principal objectif de cette thèse est de proposer des algorithmes d’égalisation (dans le domaine fréquentiel pour réduire leur complexité) et de synchronisation pour CPM adaptés à ce concept tout en essayant de proposer une complexité calculatoire raisonnable. Dans un premier temps, nous avons considéré uniquement des canaux sélectifs en fréquence et avons étudier les différents égaliseurs de la littérature. En étudiant leur similitudes et différences, nous avons pu développer un égaliseur dans le domaine fréquentiel qui proposant les mêmes performances a une complexité moindre. Nous proposons également des méthodes d’estimation canal et une méthode d’estimation conjointe du canal et de la fréquence porteuse. Dans un second temps nous avons montré comment étendre ces méthodes à des canaux sélectifs en temps et fréquence permettant ainsi de conserver une complexité calculatoire raisonnable. / If the use of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) has been booming for military applications since adecade, followed by civil applications since a few years (with a lot of completely different purposes), the first UAV has been developed and tested in 1918 with the first flight of a fight withthe first autopilot system. The issue of a complete and safe integration in the existing air trafficair craft system is currently being studied as the multiple use case of UAV are growing exponentially from agriculture, observation and package delivery. Hence, the integration of UAV inthe air traffic system is a global issue, and so are the communication standard in which the thesis take place. This thesis aims to study and propose solutions for the communication link by satellitefor UAV. This satellite link would ensure the reliability of the system, and above all of theCommand and Control Link, by avoiding the issue of a terrestrial communication network (such asover the ocean, where no terrestrial network is available). Due to spectral resource lack alreadyallocated for the UAV, the spectral efficiency of the communication link is a critical issue, as its robustness to non-linearity due to the spatial context. Continuous Phase Modulation is a potentialsolution to answer to those issues. However, this will lead to an increased computational complexity at the received compared to linear modulation scheme The aeronautical channel bysatellite is characterized by a doubly-selective channels due to Ground Reflections of the signal,and in this thesis, we proposed equalization algorithms and synchronization techniques for CPM in this context while trying to keep a reasonable computational complexity a. First, we have only considered transmission over frequency selective channels. We have made a study of the equalizers proposed by the literature and by studying their similitudes and differences, we have been able to propose a new equalizer with a lower computational complexity but having the same performance. We also have proposed a channel estimation method and a joint channel and carrier frequency estimation for CPM over frequency-selective channels. In a second time, we have extended our method to doubly selective channel (as there is Doppler Spread in our communication system due to the UAV speed) which allows us to have an overall receiver structure with a reasonable computational complexity.

<p>In this study, we have addressed the serotonergic and the opioid system within the CNS. Both systems are of outmost importance in the etiology of disease states, especially mental disorders. </p><p>In our investigation of the serotonergic system, we have synthesized novel enantiomerically pure 6-aryl-3-amino- and 8-aryl-3-aminochromans as ligands for the 5-HT₇ receptor. One reason for the lack of understanding of the physiological functionality of the serotonin 5-HT₇ receptor, the most recently discovered member of the serotonin receptor family, is the absence of partial agonists and agonists. In this series, we have identified partial agonists with more than189 fold selectivity over the 5-HT_1Areceptor and one agonist with 29 fold greater selectivity over the serotonin 5-HT_1Areceptor. Thus the present series constitutes a starting point for developing highly selective ligands for the 5-HT₇ receptor. </p><p>In our investigation of the opioid system, our focus has been on the natural product salvinorin A, which is a highly selective kappa opioid receptor agonist. In the total synthesis of salvinorin A, we have accomplished the synthesis of a key intermediate, 6-(3-furyl)-4-methyl-5,6-dihydro-pyran-2-one via ring closing metathesis. Furthermore, synthetic methodologies have been developed as a part of the total synthesis. Several lipases have been screeened for their ability to generate enantiomerically pure 1-(3-Furyl)-3-buten-1-ol via bio-catalyzed hydrolysis of the corresponding acetate. The lipase from <i>Pseudomonas fluorescens</i> was identified as having stereoselectivity high enough to generate a % <i>ee </i>value above 98%. We have also developed a route for the introduction of a hydroxyl functionality in the γ position of α,β-unsaturated cyclic ketones by the regioselective oxidation of 1-silyloxy-1,3-dienes using dimethyldioxirane. We have initiated the investigation of the pharmacophore responsible for the kappa opioid activity by synthesizing simplified analogues of salvinorin A. A synthetic route providing easy access to simplified analogues of salvinorin A have been established.</p>

Pyrenophora tritici-repentis (Ptr) is the necrotrophic fungus responsible for tan spot of wheat (Triticum aestivum). Ptr causes disease on susceptible wheat cultivars through the production and secretion of host-selective toxins (HSTs). HSTs are compounds that are only known to be produced by fungi and considered to be primary determinants of pathogenicity. Infiltration of these toxins into sensitive wheat elicits the same symptoms as the pathogen, which simplifies investigations of host- pathogen interactions due to exclusion of the pathogen. These characteristics make HSTs ideal molecules to dissect molecular plant-microbe interactions. Known HSTs of Ptr include Ptr ToxA (ToxA), Ptr ToxB (ToxB) and Ptr ToxC (ToxC). ToxA is the most characterized toxin of Ptr, as well as the first proteinaceous HST identified. The proposed mode-of-action for ToxA includes internalization into sensitive wheat mesophyll cells, localization to the chloroplast, photosystem perturbations and elicitation of high amounts of reactive oxygen species (ROS), all of which lead to necrosis. However, it is still unknown how ToxA is transported to the chloroplast. To identify additional interacting components involved in ToxA symptom development, genes were silenced in tobacco plants (Nicotiana benthamiana) using the tobacco rattle virus (TRV) virus-induced gene-silencing (VIGS) system. Four genes were identified that potentially could play a role in ToxA-induced cell death: a 40S ribosomal subunit, peroxisomal glycolate oxidase (GOX), a thiamine biosynthetic enzyme (Thi1), and the R-gene mediator, Sgt1. Ptr exhibits a complex race structure determined by the HST(s) produced and the symptom(s) elicited on sensitive wheat cultivars. Currently, there are eight characterized races and other HSTs and races have been proposed. Isolate SO3 was discovered in southern Oregon and elicits ToxA-like symptoms on a wheat differential set, yet lacks the ToxA gene. The transcriptome of SO3 was sequenced, assembled, and aligned to a ToxA-producing isolate, Pt-1C-BFP, which will aid in the identification of the protein(s) that may be responsible for these ToxA-like symptoms. SO3 contains a set of 497 sequences that were not found in the ToxA-producing isolate Pt-1C-BFP (BFP). These sequences should be further investigated to identify those that encode small secreted proteins (SSPs) and could potentially serve as HSTs and pathogenicity factors of SO3. / Graduation date: 2013

In this study, we have addressed the serotonergic and the opioid system within the CNS. Both systems are of outmost importance in the etiology of disease states, especially mental disorders. In our investigation of the serotonergic system, we have synthesized novel enantiomerically pure 6-aryl-3-amino- and 8-aryl-3-aminochromans as ligands for the 5-HT7 receptor. One reason for the lack of understanding of the physiological functionality of the serotonin 5-HT7 receptor, the most recently discovered member of the serotonin receptor family, is the absence of partial agonists and agonists. In this series, we have identified partial agonists with more than189 fold selectivity over the 5-HT1A receptor and one agonist with 29 fold greater selectivity over the serotonin 5-HT1A receptor. Thus the present series constitutes a starting point for developing highly selective ligands for the 5-HT7 receptor. In our investigation of the opioid system, our focus has been on the natural product salvinorin A, which is a highly selective kappa opioid receptor agonist. In the total synthesis of salvinorin A, we have accomplished the synthesis of a key intermediate, 6-(3-furyl)-4-methyl-5,6-dihydro-pyran-2-one via ring closing metathesis. Furthermore, synthetic methodologies have been developed as a part of the total synthesis. Several lipases have been screeened for their ability to generate enantiomerically pure 1-(3-Furyl)-3-buten-1-ol via bio-catalyzed hydrolysis of the corresponding acetate. The lipase from Pseudomonas fluorescens was identified as having stereoselectivity high enough to generate a % ee value above 98%. We have also developed a route for the introduction of a hydroxyl functionality in the γ position of α,β-unsaturated cyclic ketones by the regioselective oxidation of 1-silyloxy-1,3-dienes using dimethyldioxirane. We have initiated the investigation of the pharmacophore responsible for the kappa opioid activity by synthesizing simplified analogues of salvinorin A. A synthetic route providing easy access to simplified analogues of salvinorin A have been established.

There is an increasing trend towards advancing the understanding and development of ethylene oligomerization catalysts, both in academia and industry. The metal of choice in this chemistry is invariably chromium, which has shown great versatility in selective trimerization/tetramerization, non-selective oligomerization and polymerization of ethylene. While much success has been achieved in ethylene trimerization, the same con not be said about tetramerization catalysis. Aminophosphine based ligands have demonstrated their ability towards selective 1-octene production, however, the popular PNP catalyst is able to achieve only 70% selectivity. In order to explore the possibility of developing and enhancing the selectivity of chromium based ethylene tetramerization catalyst, this thesis work was undertaken. The ligand systems we chose for our work were bidentate aminophosphine based (PN(CH2)nNP), which has yielded interesting selective oligomerization. Subtle modifications were found to result in drastic changes in selectivity, from tetramerization (PN(CH2)3NP) to trimerization (PN(CH2)2NP). We managed to successfully develop the first truly selective (over 90%) 1-octene catalyst with polymer-free behavior. Further modifications on the ligand framework, where one atom of Si was used to link the two NP units, resulted in non-selective oligomerization, in which case we determined that the oxidation-state of chromium is a key player. We explored other modifications on our selective ligands in which one of the arms on the bidentate ligand was replaced with a base-donor amine, phosphine or pyridine, and resulted in interesting selectivity changes. The final modification that we tested was a novel N(CH2)2P ligand and found it to be a highly active, non-selective oligomerization catalyst.

"March, 2009". / Thesis (PhD)--Macquarie University, Faculty of Science, Dept. of Physics & Engineering, 2008. / Bibliography: p. 145-158. / Introduction -- Frequency selective surfaces -- Absorb/transmit frequency selective surface absorber -- Switchable frequency selective surface for wireless applications -- Energy-saving glass characterisation -- Frequency selective surface solution for energy-saving glass -- Conclusion. / This thesis presents three topics related to frequency selective surfaces (FSSs), namely bsorb/transmit FSSs, active FSSs and passive bandpass FSSs for energy-saving glass used in modern buildings. These three FSSs are unique in their design and functionalities. The absorb/transmit FSS is a novel dual-layer frequency selective surface for 5 GHz WLAN applications. This FSS can stop propagation of specific bands by absorbing as opposed to re ecting, while passing other useful signals. This is in contrast to the conventional Salisbury and Jaumann absorbers, which provide good absorption in the desired band while the out-of-band frequencies are attenuated. The second topic is a single-layer bandpass active FSS that can be switched between ON and OFF states to control the transmission in 2.45 GHz WLAN applications. Previously, researchers have focused on the bandstop and dual-layer versions of the active FSS. This is in contrast to the design presented in this thesis which is single-layer and provides extra advantage in a practical WLAN environment. Also the dc biasing techniques that were used for the active FSS design are easier to implement and provide good frequency stability for different angles of incidence and polarisations in both ON and OFF states. The last topic is on the use of a bandpass FSS in energy-saving glass panels used in building design. The manufacturers of these glass panels apply a very thin metal-oxide coating on one side of the glass panels to provide extra infrared (heat) attenuation. However, due to the presence of the coating, these energy-saving glass panels also attenuate communication signals such as GSM 900, GSM 1800/1900, UMTS and 3G mobile signals etc. This creates a major communication problem when buildings are constructed with windows of this glass. In this thesis, a solution to this problem is presented by designing and etching a cross-dipole bandpass FSS on the coated side of the glass to pass the useful signals while keeping infrared attenuation at an acceptable level. One of the advantages of this FSS design is that measured material values of the metal-oxide coating are used for simulations, which have not been done previously. / Mode of access: World Wide Web. / 166 p. ill. (some col.)

There is an increasing trend towards advancing the understanding and development of ethylene oligomerization catalysts, both in academia and industry. The metal of choice in this chemistry is invariably chromium, which has shown great versatility in selective trimerization/tetramerization, non-selective oligomerization and polymerization of ethylene. While much success has been achieved in ethylene trimerization, the same con not be said about tetramerization catalysis. Aminophosphine based ligands have demonstrated their ability towards selective 1-octene production, however, the popular PNP catalyst is able to achieve only 70% selectivity. In order to explore the possibility of developing and enhancing the selectivity of chromium based ethylene tetramerization catalyst, this thesis work was undertaken. The ligand systems we chose for our work were bidentate aminophosphine based (PN(CH2)nNP), which has yielded interesting selective oligomerization. Subtle modifications were found to result in drastic changes in selectivity, from tetramerization (PN(CH2)3NP) to trimerization (PN(CH2)2NP). We managed to successfully develop the first truly selective (over 90%) 1-octene catalyst with polymer-free behavior. Further modifications on the ligand framework, where one atom of Si was used to link the two NP units, resulted in non-selective oligomerization, in which case we determined that the oxidation-state of chromium is a key player. We explored other modifications on our selective ligands in which one of the arms on the bidentate ligand was replaced with a base-donor amine, phosphine or pyridine, and resulted in interesting selectivity changes. The final modification that we tested was a novel N(CH2)2P ligand and found it to be a highly active, non-selective oligomerization catalyst.

Über die additive Fertigung, oftmals bezeichnet als 3D-Druck, lassen sich Bauteile nahezu beliebiger geometrischer Komplexität herstellen. Gleichzeitig lassen die Prozessrandbedingungen die direkte Einstellung der Mikrostruktur in den verwendeten metallischen Werkstoffen zu. Hieraus ergeben sich weitreichende Möglichkeiten bezüglich der Eigenschaftsoptimierung aktueller Hochleistungswerkstoffe.

Additive Fertigungsverfahren stellen in den letzten Jahren einen Megatrend dar, da sich mit diesen Verfahren endkonturnahe Werkstücke mit hohem Materialausnutzungsgrad herstellen lassen. Die auch als 3D-Druck bekannt gewordenen additiven Fertigungsverfahren sind jedoch nicht auf die Prototypenfertigung aus Kunststoffen begrenzt. Beim selektiven Laserschmelzen werden metallische Werkstoffe im Pulverbettverfahren mittels Laserstrahl aufgeschmolzen und somit schichtweise aufgebaut. Das Verfahren findet bereits in der Luft- und Raumfahrt, der Medizintechnik, aber auch in der Automobilindustrie und im Maschinenbau Anwendung für Prototypen, Einzelanfertigungen oder Kleinstserien. Des Weiteren ermöglicht es auch die Herstellung von Werkstücken mit besonders hoher Komplexität, die mit spanenden Verfahren nicht herstellbar sind, und bietet dadurch neue Gestaltungsmöglichkeiten bei der Konstruktion. Innerhalb des Vortrags werden nach der Vorstellung des Verfahrens verschiedene Methoden zur numerischen Simulation des selektiven Laserschmelzens von Edelstahl (1.4404) am Beispiel der kommerziellen Software Simufact Additive erläutert. Dazu werden der mechanische und thermo-mechanische Lösungsansatz betrachtet sowie die Methode zur Kalibrierung der Simulationen erläutert. Die Erläuterung eines voll transienten thermo-mechanischen Ansatzes erfolgt unter Verwendung der Software MSC Marc. Des Weiteren wird der Einfluss der Orientierung des Werkstücks im Herstellungsprozess auf resultierende Spannungen, Verzug sowie mechanische Eigenschaften analysiert und mit experimentellen Untersuchungen untersetzt.

The aim of this theses is to establish, with reference to relevant literature, what is the impact of selective primary prevention programs in several chosen classes from the viewpoint of the lecturers of these programs. The author lays out and describes in detail the concepts of risky behaviours, primary prevention of risky behaviours, selective primary prevention, lecturer of primary prevention programs and other concepts relevant to the subject at hand. In the research part of this theses, the author deals with a research problem formulated as follows: What is the impact of selective primary prevention programs in chosen classes from the perspective of the lecturers? The selected method is qualitative research. The specific chosen research tool is a half-structured dialogue, conducted with lecturers of programs of selective primary prevention with at least two years of experience in the field. KEYWORDS Risky behaviours; primary prevention of risky behaviours; lecturer of primary prevention programs; selective primary prevention; selective primary prevention programs.