International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 25-28, 1999 / Riviera Hotel and Convention Center, Las Vegas, Nevada / Because of the limits of feedback devices, high-speed pseudo-noise code generators cannot depend simply on the improvement of clock rate. Based on the characteristic equation of linear feedback registers and the m-sequence sampling theory as well, deduction is made to indicate a novel way to improve the speed of pseudo-noise code generators 2^l (2^l < n, n is the length of registers) times as fast as the conventional one. Also, we extend our applications to non-reducible and non-primitive polynomials. It could be a good way to generate these linear codes at higher rates.

Task switching produces a number of reliable behavioural measures, the main focus of interest here being 'switch cost', the increase in response time when switching between tasks as opposed to performing them separately. Switch costs are typically measured between two tasks and compared to a single-task repeat condition. Current explanations of switch cost fall broadly into either active reconfiguration based accounts (e.g. Rogers & Monsell, 1995) whereby the extra time taken to switch between tasks is attributable to reconfiguration of task set, or passive carryover accounts (Allport, Styles & Hsieh, 1994) where extra time is accrued by the need to overcome conflict between the current task set and the enduring activity of the previous task set. This thesis used the Continuous Series II (Gurd, 1995), a novel continuous verbal switching task which requires individuals to switch continuously between increasing numbers of overlearned sequences (e.g. days, numbers). The aim was to investigate the application of general (whole-task) switch costs (RT costs), memory-based switching and the differential pattern of errors produced by the task, with a view to determining the most appropriate theoretical model to explain costs in the task. General switch costs are measured over the whole time course of the task from beginning to end, instead of the more usual measurement of switch cost over a single switch or repeat within the whole task. Such long-term measures of switch cost account for 'global representational structures' in the task, which are said to contribute to the cost of switching yet are absent from local transitional measures (Kleinsorge, Heuer & Schmidtke, 2004). Global representational structures account for not only the current and preceding trials actually performed but also the possible alternatives for the preceding, current and subsequent trials, thereby reflecting all representations relating to performance of the tasks. The Continuous Series II (Gurd, 1995) measures costs continuously over time between increasing numbers of verbal tasks and as yet has not been linked to either a reconfiguration or carryover-based account. Initial administration to healthy controls and neurological patients confirmed difficulty-related increasing costs and revealed a dissociation of errors between two versions of the task, one including semantic categories. This suggested differential sources of control overseeing conflict detection and resolution, linked in this work to Kahneman's dual system model (Kahneman, 2011) and suggesting the implication of active control. Further work with monozygotic twins mirrored for handedness revealed no predicted effect of handedness but did reveal the employment of vocalised inner-speech as a successful self cueing device, known to be supportive of active reconfiguration in switching (Monsell, 2005). Such cueing was employed by this sample of older adults but had not appeared to benefit the neurological patients who clearly had reconfiguration deficits. Further development of the two versions of the task also allowed rejection of a passive carryover explanation of switch-cost on the basis that switching to the easier task was not more difficult, counter to the prediction of Allport, Styles & Hsieh (1994). At this stage it was evident that some portion of general cost for the task may be artefactual, as participants displayed behaviour suggesting the order of tasks and their updating nature (task content) may be inflating cost beyond a pure measure of switching (an inevitable risk of general switch cost measurement). Investigation of task order showed that production of the category 'days' appeared to conflate sources of error. Reducing the difficultly of component tasks (removing the need to update items) demonstrated that a substantial proportion of general cost was indeed purely switch-related. Returning to the question of cueing (previously demonstrated to be beneficial when self-generated), the final study introduced explicit external cues, consistently predicted to benefit switching (Monsell, 2005). These cues did not reduce time costs in verbal task switching and furthermore failed to prevent errors of task order. The lack of external cue benefit supports an amended version of the Rogers & Monsell (1995) task-set reconfiguration model as the best explanation of switch costs in verbal task-switching. This amended model relies entirely on internally generated representations in a closed system and supports the role of active control in generating switch-cost. General cost, while incorporating task-related artefacts, rehearsals and error recovery, nevertheless has at its core a switch related element. Furthermore, the failure of cues to extinguish between-task errors negates excessive reliance on working memory and further supports the rejection of passive carryover accounts of task switch cost.

English women writers of the eighteenth century manifested enthusiasm for a form best described as a framed-novelle sequence, that is, a form in which conversations between characters/narrators are interspersed with embedded narratives. This thesis argues that the framed-novelle, with its distinctive juxtaposition of narrative and critical conversation facilitated feminine intervention in the period’s political, social, and literary debates. It demonstrates that Delarivier Manley, Jane Barker, Eliza Haywood, Sarah Scott, Sarah Fielding and Jane Collier used the framed-novelle sequence to develop a feminine but nonetheless authoritative socio-critical voice which allowed them not only to intervene in contemporary literary debates about the risks and rewards of reading fictions (especially with regards to the wider significance of the feminocentric and apparently trivial matter of amatory, romantic tales)but also to construct timely argument about the effect of fictional exemplarity on readers. Consideration of the literary and cultural contexts of the framed-novelle’s production, specifically its relation to other forms of narrative sequences such as the oriental tale and the fairy tale collection and to the period’s ideals of sociable conversation and critical practice also allows this thesis to identify the framed-novelle’s importance within the larger field of eighteenth-century literary development. Through close readings in each main chapter of an earlier and later framed-novelle by each author, this thesis explores the distinctiveness and internal cohesion of the framed-novelle as a subgenre, while also recognizing the particularity of each writer’s protofeminist perspective on their accumulation of feminocentric tales.

The nucleotide sequence for the pDKl TOL plasmid region encoding toluate-1,2-dioxygenase (Xy1XYZ, TO) was determined. TO is the first enzyme in the meta-cleavage operon, responsible for the conversion of toluates and benzoates to their carboxy-substituted diols. DNA sequence analysis revealed the presence of three open reading frames (ORF). The three ORFs correspond to xylX (1353 bp), xylY (486 bp) and xylZ (1008 bp), encoding predicted protein products of 51370 Da, 19368 Da and 36256 Da, respectively.

Phylogeography of temperate plant species with the focus on Central Europe Ph.D. Thesis Hana Daneck Charles University Prague Faculty of Science Department of Botany Supervisor: Prof. RNDr. Karol Marhold, CSc. Consultant: Mgr. Tomáš Fér, Ph.D. Praha 2012 2 Summary This thesis presents contribution to clarification of postglacial history of temperate plant taxa in Europe with the focus on especially interesting region of Central Europe, for which diverse roles in postglacial plant histories were suggested. The first part of the thesis summarises general phylogeographical views and methodological approaches with the respect to species history after the last ice age in Europe. Further, the most important aspects of phylogeography of European temperate plant taxa are discussed. The second part contains a set of papers dealing with selected European temperate plant species, for which phylogeographical patterns throughout their present distribution area were inferred, including assumptions on the origin of their contemporary Central European populations and comparisons with another previously studied species. Paper 1: Phylogeographic pattern of the European forest grass species Hordelymus europaeus: cpDNA evidence. This paper presents phylogeographical pattern based on chloroplast haplotype variation covering the...

As sequências espectrais foram criadas por Jean Leray num campo de concentração durante a Segunda Guerra Mundial motivado por problemas inerentes à Topologia Algébrica. Num primeiro momento, surge como uma ferramenta para auxiliar no cálculo da cohomologia de um feixe. Porém, Jean-Louis Koszul apresenta uma formulação puramente algébrica para tais sequencias, que consiste basicamente no cálculo da homologia de um complexo total associado a um complexo duplo. Concentraremos nosso trabalho nas definições e resultados que nos permitem demonstrar os seguintes resultados conhecidos da Álgebra usando sequências espectrais: o Lema dos Cinco, o Lema da Serpente, Balanceamento para o Funtor Tor, Mudança de Base para o Funtor Tor e o Teorema dos Coeficientes Universais. Apresentamos, ao final do trabalho, uma generalização que nos permite entender melhor os funtores derivados à esquerda: as Sequências Espectrais de Grothendieck. / Spectral sequences were created by Jean Leray in a concentration camp during World War II motivated by problems of Algebraic Topology. At first, it appears as a tool to assist in calculating the cohomology of a sheaf. However, Jean-Louis Koszul presents a purely algebraic formulation for these sequences, which basically consists in calculating a total of homology complex associated with a double complex. We will focus our work on the definitions and results that allow us to demonstrate known results of algebra using spectral sequences: The Five Lemma, The Snake Lemma, Balancing of functor Tor, Base Change for Tor and Universal Coefficient Theorem. We present, at the end of this work, a generalization that allows us to better understand the left derivative functors: the Spectral Sequence of Grothendieck.

A localização cromossômica do DNA ribossômico (rDNA) foi estudada em cromossomos politênicos e em tecidos diplóides de quatro espécies de sciarídeos: Trichosia pubescens; Rhynchosciara americana; R. milleri e Schwenkfeldina sp.. Resultados de hibridação em cromossomos mitóticos mostraram a existência de um único locus de rDNA; entretanto, sondas ribossomais hibridaram em mais de uma região dos cromossomos politênicos em todas as espécies analisadas devido à adesão de micronucléolos em regiões específicas dos cromossomos. Os micronucléolos são estruturas arredondadas que contêm, provavelmente, DNA extracromossômico transcricionalmente ativo. Em T. pubescens, o rDNA está predominantemente localizado nas secções cromossômicas X-10 e X-8. Em R. americana o rDNA está freqüentemente associado à heterocromatina centromérica dos cromossomos X, C, B e A, e também às secções X-1 e B-13. Sondas ribossômicas em R. milleri hibridaram, em alta freqüência, em regiões teloméricas e pericêntricas de cromossomos politênicos. Schwenkfeldina sp. apresenta uma distribuição incomum do rDNA em núcleos politênicos, caracterizada pela adesão de micronucléolos em muitas regiões cromossômicas. Os resultados mostraram que os micronucléolos estão preferencialmente associados à heterocromatina intercalar ou terminal de todos os sciarídeos analisados e, dependendo da espécie, estão aderidos a um número pequeno (Trichosia), moderado (Rhynchosciara) e grande (Schwenkfeldina sp.) de sítios em cromossomos politênicos. Este trabalho também descreve a caracterização de seqüências presentes nas extremidades cromossômicas de R. americana, que se iniciou através da triagem de uma microbiblioteca plasmidial, feita a partir de uma extremidade microdissecada B-1. Uma repetição do tipo satélite foi identificada e sua composição de bases, estrutura genômica e localização cromossômica são semelhantes às repetições teloméricas complexas de Nematocera que já foram descritas. Contudo, dados obtidos em outras espécies de Rhynchosciara, assim como a localização desse satélite e da transcriptase reversa, sugerem que o elemento repetitivo caracterizado neste trabalho não atinge as extremidades dos cromossomos. A caracterização de seqüências terminais e subterminais presentes nos cromossomos de R. americana foi continuada através da triagem de uma biblioteca de DNA desse díptero clonada em fagos Dash. Escolhemos como sonda para a triagem o clone pRaM47.33, representativo do elemento repetitivo M22, caracterizado em R. americana. Foram analisados cerca de 12kb de um único inserto de fago, que continha, alem das repetições M22, uma nova repetição de 16pb, organizada em tandem e que denominamos de M16. Resultados de hibridações in situ revelaram a presença da repetição M16 nas 5 extremidades cromossômicas não-telocêntricas de R. americana. Essa repetição também foi utilizada como sonda em uma outra triagem da mesma biblioteca genômica, o que permitiu a seleção e análise de aproximadamente 50kb de DNA cromossômico terminal de R. americana. Encontramos também, ao longo dessas 50kb de DNA analisado, repetições de 414pb anteriormente caracterizadas em R. americana; parte de seqüências do transposon Ramar1 e do retrotransposon RaTART . Além disso, foram observadas também seqüências que não apresentam semelhança significativa com seqüências depositadas no banco de dados GenBank, e que tampouco apresentam motivos repetitivos. Os resultados obtidos apontam para a possibilidade de que a região telomérica de R. americana seja composta por mais de um tipo de elemento repetitivo. / The chromosomal localization of ribosomal DNA (rDNA) was studied in polytene and diploid tissues of four sciarid species, Trichosia pubescens, Rhynchosciara americana, R. milleri and Schwenkfeldina sp. While hybridization to mitotic chromosomes showed the existence of a single rDNA locus, ribosomal probes hybridized to more than one polytene chromosome region in all the species analyzed as a result of micronucleolar attachment to specific chromosome sites. Micronucleoli are small, round bodies containing transcriptionally active, probably extrachromosomal rDNA. In T. pubescens the rDNA is predominantly localized in chromosome sections X-10 and X-8. In R. americana the rDNA is frequently found associated with centromeric heterochromatin of the chromosomes X, C, B and A, and also with sections X-1 and B-13. Ribosomal probes in R. milleri hybridized with high frequency to pericentric and telomeric regions of its polytene complement. Schwfenkfeldina sp. displays a remarkably unusual distribution of rDNA in polytene nuclei, characterized by the attachment of micronucleoli to many chromosome regions. The results showed that micronucleoli preferentially associate with intercalary or terminal heterochromatin of all sciarid flies analyzed and, depending on the species, are attached to a few (Trichosia), moderate (Rhynchosciara) or a large (Schwenkfeldina sp.) number of polytene chromosome sites. This work also describes the characterization of chromosome end sequences of Rhynchosciara americana, initiated with the screening of a plasmid microlibrary made from a microdissected polytene chromosome end. We report the identification and sequencing of an R. americana satellite displaying base composition, genomic structure and chromosomal localization similar to the complex telomeric repeats of Nematocera that have previously been characterized. However, data obtained in other Rhynchosciara species, as well as distinct chromosomal localization of satellite and reverse transcriptase loci in R. americana, suggest that the repetitive element characterized does not reach the very end of the chromosome. The characterization of chromosome end sequences of Rhynchosciara americana continued with the screening of a phage library made with its genomic DNA. We choose pRaM47.33, a clone whose insert is a repetitive microsatellite characterized in the subtelomeric region of R. americana chromosomes, as a probe for the screening. We analyzed 12kb of a single phage insert, composed of M22 tandem arrays and a new microsatellite which was 16pb long, arranged in tandem (named M16). In situ hybridization showed the presence of M16 repeats in the five telomeric termini of R. americana chromosomes. The M16 repeat was used as a probe in another screen of the same phage library, which allowed us to analyze approximately 50kb of terminal DNA. We find that repetitive sequences, such as the 414pb repeat previously characterized in R. americana and stretches of Ramar1 and RaTART mobile elements, also characterized in R. americana, compose the subtelomeric region of R. americana chromosomes. Additionally, we find sequences that do not match sequences in the GenBank database and do not present repetitive motifs. Our results suggest that the telomeric regions of R. americana chromosomes are composed of more than one type of repetitive sequence.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mathematics, 1980. / MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND SCIENCE. / Bibliography: leaves 48-49. / by David Jay Anick. / Ph.D.

Thesis. 1977. Ph.D.--Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Dept. of Mathematics. / MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND SCIENCE. / Vita. / Bibliography : leaves 104-110. / Ph.D.

Thesis. 1975. Ph.D.--Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Dept. of Mathematics. / Vita. / Includes bibliographical references. / Ph.D.