Shopping is a daily necessary activity to most of the people in Hong Kong. From the old days when people went shopping in the bazaars to the recent days when most people go shopping in shopping centres, the dominant mode of shopping changed. The effects brought by different kinds of shopping facilities to people are worth studying. It is not difficult to observe the trend that old retail developments in old districts are mainly shopping streets while new retail developments in new towns are mainly shopping centres. Some voices from the public are pushing the retaining of old street shops and old street cultures despite the property developers tend to build shopping centres in their new projects. The benefits from shopping streets and shopping centres to shoppers and developers have been studied in this dissertation by empirical and conceptual background study, survey to shoppers and shop operators and information provided by property agents and employees of private developers. From socialization point of view, the comprehensive tenant mix and comfortable shopping environment in shopping centres attract shoppers to stay longer in shopping centres than in shopping streets which increase the chance of interaction among shoppers thus improve their level of social lives. However, the stability of shops and shop operators in shops at shopping streets is beneficial to building up community strength within the neighbourhood. The relationships among shoppers and shop operators and among shop operators in shopping streets are stronger than that in shopping centres. For the benefits other than socialization aspect, shops in shopping streets provide cheaper goods due to the relatively lower rents and lower overhead costs in shopping streets while shopping centres provide better accessibility and better facilities due to their better management. For the benefits to developers, developing shopping centres is beneficial to them in the ways of increasing their rental income when leasing retail premises and boosting the selling prices of residential properties where shopping centre is a bundle of the development. In some of the projects of official organizations, such as Urban Renewal Authority, we can see that benefits from these two shopping facilities can be merged together. For example, the design of shopping streets and the buildings around and setting up greenery areas along shopping streets can improve the air-conditioning problem and improve the attractiveness of staying to shoppers. Private developers also introduced old shops to their shopping centres. Product prices of old shops remain the same in shopping centre as in shopping streets. However, the relationship among shoppers and shop operators cannot be copied easily even if the old shop signs are the same. Time is needed for building the strength within a community. / published_or_final_version / Housing Management / Master / Master of Housing Management

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No description available.

Located in the Columbus, Ohio, Graceland typifies all the qualities of a dying urban shopping plaza. High amounts of abandoned retail space, a vast sea of parking and undefined vehicular paths create an uninviting public space, while the lack of pedestrian passages, appropriate amounts of shade and connections to natural features contribute to its acerbic character.This revitalization proposal will apply pedestrian scale design strategies to this urban plaza in an effort to increase its accessibility to both pedestrians and cars, promote an atmosphere of comfort and environmental engagement while allowing opportunities for economic growth and stability. The first design goal is the retrofit of the parking and access to encourage walking while still allowing the convenient passage of the automobile. The second design goal is the creation of a compact, mixed-use region with a transportation stop as its anchor. The third design goal is the provision of plan that allows the car but in a manner that protects the needs of the pedestrian. / Department of Landscape Architecture

The suburban shopping centre has become part of the urban landscape of Australia over the past 40 years. From their initial point of innovation in the capital cities, suburban centres diffused rapidly through the urban system. The majority of the 26 regional cities identified in Queensland, New South Wales, Victoria and Tasmania have at least one centre, and in some the extent of suburbanisation has eclipsed the traditional central business area as the prime focus of retail activity. The advent of suburbanised shopping systems also highlights the partial demise of a locally-owned competitive capitalist sub-mode of activity and its replacement by a competitive oligopolistic capitalist sub-mode involving nationally-based firms. As with any change, the shifts in location, ownership and method of operation associated with the growth of suburbanised retailing systems have the capacity to bring about changes in the efficiency and equity of regional cities. Although it is not possible to prove conclusively that the efficiency of retail operations is improved by the growth of suburban centres, the advent of a system which encourages competition between retail firms appears to result in lower prices. Access to retail facilities is also potentially improved for a significant proportion of the populations of regional cities, although comparison shopping between centres might also generate increased cross-city flows of traffic. However, equity is not necessarily increased by these changes. Although the accessibility of lower income, elderly and less mobile households is improved, changes in the location of retailing favour younger, more affluent and mobile shoppers to a greater extent. And although the developers and owners of suburban shopping centres meet many of their own costs, there is evidence that they do not contribute to local government rate revenues to a level commensurate with their turnover and profits. On the other hand, the local authority is often faced with the demands of central business area property owners and retailers to revitalise their section of the city, bringing about an effective transfer of funds from the public to the private sector. The result may well be a net decrease in equity. Under pressure from local business interests, some city councils have chosen to restrict the pace of retail suburbanisation, whilst others have chosen to allow market forces to take their course.

Thesis (M. Hous. M.)--University of Hong Kong, 2008. / Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M. Hous. M.)--University of Hong Kong, 2008. / Includes bibliographical references (leaf 82-85)

Thesis (M.Hous.M.)--University of Hong Kong, 2001. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 113-115). Also available in print.

Thesis (M. Hous. M.)--University of Hong Kong, 2007.

A maioria dos estudos de impactos de pólos geradores de viagens são desenvolvidos a partir da adequação de metodologias desenvolvidas em diferentes contextos e disponíveis na literatura. Este trabalho buscou avaliar a adequação de algumas destas propostas, em termos de área de influência, distribuição de viagens e escolha modal, em shopping centers de Porto Alegre. Os dados para análise foram provenientes de uma pesquisa origem e destino realizada recentemente em Porto Alegre por meio de entrevistas domiciliares (EDOM). A partir da comparação dos resultados obtidos na análise de cinco shopping centers, foi possível identificar a relação entre as características dos usuários, da região de entorno e do padrão de viagens dos empreendimentos. Com relação à escolha modal, observou-se que as características do empreendimento, a facilidade de acesso ao pólo pelos diversos modos de transporte disponíveis e os aspectos sócio-econômicos da área de influência são variáveis que podem explicar a escolha do modo utilizado. Para a delimitação da área de influência dos shopping centers, constatou-se que as propostas que utilizam a distância de viagem como critério para definição se mostraram mais realistas do que aquelas que adotam o tempo de viagem como base. Na distribuição de viagens, verificou-se que o perfil econômico dos residentes na área de influência, bem como informações que caracterizem as atividades existentes nas zonas de tráfego são variáveis que podem explicar a distribuição de viagens de shopping centers. Por fim, concluiu-se que o banco de dados da EDOM é uma fonte de dados potencial na análise da demanda de shopping centers.