Jantzen Beach Shopping Center is an anomaly on the landscape challenging traditional criteria for the location of regional shopping centers. Located on Hayden Island on the Oregon side of the border, it has access from only one exit in each direction off the Interstate 5 freeway. The predominantly industrial and recreational land use of the region within a five minute travel time from the shopping center results in an exceptionally small adjacent residential population. Its potential trade area is further limited by the intervening shopping opportunity for Washington residents afforded by the Vancouver central business district which lies adjacent to the Interstate freeway two miles to the north. Interviews established that because of the uneven economic growth within the SMSA, the shopping center was located on the Oregon side of the border due to Portland’s larger population and the propensity for Clark County residents to shop in Oregon to avoid sales tax.

published_or_final_version / Housing Management / Master / Master of Housing Management

As estações metroferroviárias sempre fizeram o papel urbanístico de agregar atividades econômicas e sociais nos seus arredores. Contudo, as estações do Metrô de São Paulo foram concebidas visando o embarque e o desembarque rápido de passageiros, e não foi previsto nos projetos o uso de espaços para atividades comerciais no interior das estações ou em áreas agregadas aos edifícios. Na atualidade, em função da necessidade de facilitar os deslocamentos das pessoas na metrópole, as estações devem acomodar outras atividades e serviços que possam agregar facilidades ao cotidiano dos usuários. Assim, verifica-se a ocupação de espaços com comércio e serviços nas estações existentes cujos projetos não contemplaram este uso. Da mesma forma, foram implantados os empreendimentos associados na modalidade de shopping centers em áreas agregadas às estações ou no seu espaço aéreo. A presente pesquisa, a partir de estudos de caso, utiliza-se dos métodos e técnicas de Avaliação Pós - Ocupação - APO aplicados em estações metroferroviárias, focando na utilização de áreas para o desenvolvimento de atividades comerciais. O escopo deste estudo se restringe à análise dos impactos da utilização de espaços para comercialização pós - ocupação dos edifícios. A partir dessa análise, identificou-se as melhorias que podem ser adotadas para os próximos projetos e para as estações estudadas. Foram selecionados os instrumentos que se mostraram adequados para avaliação desses espaços, e após sua aplicação foram analisados os resultados. A partir do diagnóstico, contendo os pontos positivos e negativos, foram propostas melhorias para os estudos de caso e diretrizes para os projetos de novas estações. A utilização de espaços para o desenvolvimento de atividades comerciais nas estações deve ser contemplada no programa arquitetônico, de modo que possa ser considerada nos estudos econômicos financeiros que nortearão os investimentos destinados à construção de uma linha de metrô. / Metro rail stations have traditionally played a role in the urban planning process by contributing to the incorporation of economic and social activities to adjacent areas. However São Paulo\'s metro stations were designed for rapid passenger boarding and disembarking. As such, the original designs did not include the designation of areas within or adjacent to metro stations for retail and service activities. Yet, because of the importance today of facilitating the movement of people throughout the greater metropolitan area, a need has arisen to accommodate retail and service offerings capable of providing users with added convenience. To this end, retail and service spaces have been occupied in existing stations in which the original designs did not set aside specific spaces for these activities. Similarly, shopping centers have been opened in areas adjacent to or above existing stations. This survey drew on case studies to apply Post-Occupancy Evaluation techniques and methods to metro rail stations, with a view to analyzing the use of specific areas for retail and service activities. The scope of the study was limited to examining the impact of using designated spaces in metro facilities for post-occupancy retail and service activities. Through the survey, enhancements to future design projects and existing stations were identified. Appropriate instruments for evaluating the respective spaces were selected and, following their application, the corresponding outcomes analyzed. The diagnostic study, which considered and laid out advantages and disadvantages of the proposal, offers a series of recommended improvements on the individual case studies as well as the project guidelines for new metro stations. Finally, the designation of dedicated spaces for retail and service activities in metro stations should be contemplated in the respective architectural designs as a means to ensure consideration of this important factor in the economic-financial studies aimed at determining the investment requirements for new metro lines.

Este trabalho procura demonstrar que a multifuncionalidade dos centros comerciais planejados contribui de forma decisiva para acelerar a sua consolidação. A parte teórica se apoia particularmente nos trabalhos de Eberhard Ziedler, Heliana C. Vargas, Lucrécia D\'A. Ferrara, Herman Hertzberger, Richard Rogers e Carlos J. L. Balsas. Quanto à base empírica os centros comerciais escolhidos foram estudados a partir de uma abordagem generalista, até uma análise mais pormenorizada, crítica, de quatro estudos de caso (o Shopping Parque D. Pedro de Campinas, o Centro Industrial e Empresarial AlphaVille de Barueri, o Catuaí Shopping Center de Londrina e o BarraShopping do Rio de Janeiro), chegando-se à definição de três fases em seu processo evolutivo: a de implantação, de desenvolvimento e consolidação. A partir da análise dos padrões atuais, foi possível a idealização de um cronograma hipotético de instalação de um centro comercial condizente com a realidade brasileira. Algumas recomendações para um melhor planejamento e projeto foram elaboradas. Ao final, apenas para ilustrar a metodologia idealizada, apresenta-se um exercício de aplicação que propõe um centro comercial multifuncional para a cidade de Maringá - PR. / This text advances the premise that the multifunction of planned commercial centers contributes in a decisive way to accelerate its consolidation. Eberhard Ziedler, Heliana C. Vargas, Lucrécia D\'A. Ferrara, Herman Hertzberger, Richard Rogers and Carlos J. L. Balsas, researches, support the theoretical part. With regard to the empiric basis, the chosen commercial centers were studied from a generalist approach toward a detailed and critical analysis concerning four cases (Shopping Parque D. Pedro - Campinas, Centro Industrial e Empresarial AlphaVille - Barueri, Catuaí Shopping Center - Londrina and BarraShopping - Rio de Janeiro). This leaded to the definition of the commercial centers three-evolution phases: implantation, development and consolidation. The recent standard analysis turned possible the idealization of a hypothetical chronogram viewing a commercial center installation suitable to Brazilian reality. For better planning and design some recommendations were elaborated. Finally to illustrate the idealized methodology, an application exercise proposing a multifunction commercial center to the City of Maringá -PR, is presented.

Wai Siu Fan Johnson. / "Architecture Department, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Master of Architecture Programme 2005-2006, design report." / Includes bibliographical references. / Chapter A --- Background and Research Methodology / Chapter A-1 --- Background / Chapter A-2 --- Intention and Research Methodology / Chapter B --- Theoretical Research / Chapter B-1 --- Defining Bigness / Chapter B-1-1 --- Mapping Buildings of Extreme Scale Difference and Programmatic Combination / Chapter B-1-2 --- Examples of Bigness / Chapter B-2 --- Quotations and Understanding / Chapter B-2-1 --- Rem Koolhaas's definition of Bigness / Chapter B-2-2 --- Properties of Bigness / Chapter B-2-3 --- Functions of Bigness in the City / Chapter B-2-4 --- Roles of Bigness in the City / Chapter B-3 --- Other Related Views on Bigness / Chapter B-3-1 --- "MVRDV, FARMAX: excursions on density" / Chapter B-3-2 --- "Charles Jencks, The Architectural Review, Aug. 2002" / Chapter B-3-3 --- "Alan Colquhoun, The Superblocks" / Chapter B-4 --- Evolution of Bigness / Chapter C --- Field Research and Case Studies / Chapter C-1 --- Langham Place: Bigness as Urban-Regenrator / Chapter C-1-1 --- Location Map and Aerial Photos / Chapter C-1-2 --- Visual Survey / Chapter C-1-3 --- Programmatic Comparison / Chapter C-1-4 --- Occupany Comparison / Chapter C-1-5 --- Urban Section (with Program) / Chapter C-1-6 --- Urban Section (24 Hours Activities Zone) / Chapter C-1-7 --- Urban Section (Occupancy Density) / Chapter C-1-8 --- Movement in Bigness vs. Movement in City / Chapter C-2 --- Shatin New Town Plaza: Bigness as Urban-Unifier / Chapter C-2-1 --- Aerial Photos / Chapter C-2-2 --- Shatin Development Sequence / Chapter C-2-3 --- Shatin Town Center Development Sequence / Chapter C-2-4 --- The Linked City Center / Chapter C-2-5 --- Spatial Arrangement : The Axis / Chapter C-2-6 --- Spatial Arrangement : The Nodes / Chapter C-2-7 --- Spatial Arrangement :The Layers / Chapter C-3 --- Casino in Las Vegas: Bigness as Urban-Generator / Chapter C-3-1 --- Impact of Bigness on Las Vegas Urban Development / Chapter C-3-2 --- Impact of Bigness on Las Vegas Down Town / Chapter D --- Research Summary / Chapter D-1 --- Research Summary / Chapter D-2 --- Refinement of Design Thesis Statement / Chapter E --- Site Selection / Chapter E-1 --- Site Options / Chapter E-1-1 --- Option 01 - Shenzhen / Chapter E-1-2 --- "Option 02 - Yau Tong Bay, Hong Kong" / Chapter E-2 --- Confirmed site for further design experimentation / Chapter F --- Site Research / Chapter F-1 --- Site Survey and Analysis / Chapter F-1-1 --- Regional Context ; / Chapter F-1-1-1 --- Regional Mapping 01 / Chapter F-1-1-2 --- Regional Mapping 02 / Chapter F-1-1-3 --- Potential Program / Chapter F-1-1-4 --- Potential Events / Chapter F-1-2 --- Neighbourhood Context / Chapter F-1-2-1 --- Visual Survey / Chapter F-1-2-1-1 --- Visual Survey (1)-Aerial / Chapter F-1-2-1-2 --- Visual Survey (2) - Panorama / Chapter F-1-2-1-3 --- Visual Survey (3) - Vantage Points / Chapter F-1-2-1-4 --- Visual Survey (4) - View from SWH / Chapter F-1-2-1-5 --- Visual Survey (5.1) - Materiality in Existing Site Condition / Visual Survey (5.2) - Objects in Existing Site Condition / Chapter F-1-2-2 --- Mapping Existing Context / Chapter F-1-2-2-1 --- Building Typology / Chapter F-1-2-2-2 --- Existing Waterfront Line / Chapter F-1-2-2-3 --- Transportation System / Chapter F-1-2-2-4 --- Scale Comparison / Chapter F-1-2-2-5 --- Programmatic Comparison / Chapter F-1-3 --- District Level / Chapter F-1-2-3-1 --- Indenify Problems - Existing Condition / Chapter F-1-2-3-2 --- Indenify Problems - Govn't Proposal / Chapter F-1-2-3-3 --- Indenify Potential / Chapter G --- Design Experimentation / Chapter G-1 --- Intention of Experimentation / Chapter G-2 --- Experimentation A / Chapter G-2-1 --- "Summary, Review and Comments" / Chapter G-3 --- Experimentation B / Chapter G-3-1 --- "Summary, review and Comments" / Chapter G-4 --- Experimentation C / Chapter G-4-1 --- "Summary, review and Comments" / Chapter G-5 --- Summary of Experimentation and extention of the ideas of Bigness / Chapter H --- Final Design / Chapter H-1 --- Design Objective and Intention / Chapter H-2 --- Site Design / Chapter H-2-1 --- Design Concept / Chapter H-2-1-1 --- Urban Strategies / Chapter H-2-1-2 --- Programmatic Strategies / Chapter H-2-1-3 --- Scale Mapping / Chapter H-2-2 --- Design Development / Chapter H-3-1 --- Design Sketches / Chapter H-3-2 --- Sketch Model / Chapter H-2-3 --- Finalized Site Design / Chapter H-2-3-1 --- Site plan / Chapter H-2-3-2 --- Site Section / Chapter H-2-3-3 --- Diagrams / Chapter H-2-3-4 --- Massing and Typology of Massing / Chapter H-2-3-5 --- Visual Impressions / Chapter H-2-3-6 --- Final Model / Chapter H-3 --- Selected Building Design / Chapter H-3-1 --- Building 01 / Chapter H-3-2 --- Building 02 / Chapter H-3-3 --- Other Buidling Lots and Elements / Chapter I --- Bibliography / Chapter J --- Appendix / Chapter J-1 --- "Planning Study on the Harbour and its Waterfront Areas, HKSAR" / Chapter J-2 --- "Yau Tong Bay Redevelopment, Henderson" / Chapter J-3 --- Case Studies

As estações metroferroviárias sempre fizeram o papel urbanístico de agregar atividades econômicas e sociais nos seus arredores. Contudo, as estações do Metrô de São Paulo foram concebidas visando o embarque e o desembarque rápido de passageiros, e não foi previsto nos projetos o uso de espaços para atividades comerciais no interior das estações ou em áreas agregadas aos edifícios. Na atualidade, em função da necessidade de facilitar os deslocamentos das pessoas na metrópole, as estações devem acomodar outras atividades e serviços que possam agregar facilidades ao cotidiano dos usuários. Assim, verifica-se a ocupação de espaços com comércio e serviços nas estações existentes cujos projetos não contemplaram este uso. Da mesma forma, foram implantados os empreendimentos associados na modalidade de shopping centers em áreas agregadas às estações ou no seu espaço aéreo. A presente pesquisa, a partir de estudos de caso, utiliza-se dos métodos e técnicas de Avaliação Pós - Ocupação - APO aplicados em estações metroferroviárias, focando na utilização de áreas para o desenvolvimento de atividades comerciais. O escopo deste estudo se restringe à análise dos impactos da utilização de espaços para comercialização pós - ocupação dos edifícios. A partir dessa análise, identificou-se as melhorias que podem ser adotadas para os próximos projetos e para as estações estudadas. Foram selecionados os instrumentos que se mostraram adequados para avaliação desses espaços, e após sua aplicação foram analisados os resultados. A partir do diagnóstico, contendo os pontos positivos e negativos, foram propostas melhorias para os estudos de caso e diretrizes para os projetos de novas estações. A utilização de espaços para o desenvolvimento de atividades comerciais nas estações deve ser contemplada no programa arquitetônico, de modo que possa ser considerada nos estudos econômicos financeiros que nortearão os investimentos destinados à construção de uma linha de metrô. / Metro rail stations have traditionally played a role in the urban planning process by contributing to the incorporation of economic and social activities to adjacent areas. However São Paulo\'s metro stations were designed for rapid passenger boarding and disembarking. As such, the original designs did not include the designation of areas within or adjacent to metro stations for retail and service activities. Yet, because of the importance today of facilitating the movement of people throughout the greater metropolitan area, a need has arisen to accommodate retail and service offerings capable of providing users with added convenience. To this end, retail and service spaces have been occupied in existing stations in which the original designs did not set aside specific spaces for these activities. Similarly, shopping centers have been opened in areas adjacent to or above existing stations. This survey drew on case studies to apply Post-Occupancy Evaluation techniques and methods to metro rail stations, with a view to analyzing the use of specific areas for retail and service activities. The scope of the study was limited to examining the impact of using designated spaces in metro facilities for post-occupancy retail and service activities. Through the survey, enhancements to future design projects and existing stations were identified. Appropriate instruments for evaluating the respective spaces were selected and, following their application, the corresponding outcomes analyzed. The diagnostic study, which considered and laid out advantages and disadvantages of the proposal, offers a series of recommended improvements on the individual case studies as well as the project guidelines for new metro stations. Finally, the designation of dedicated spaces for retail and service activities in metro stations should be contemplated in the respective architectural designs as a means to ensure consideration of this important factor in the economic-financial studies aimed at determining the investment requirements for new metro lines.

Este trabalho procura demonstrar que a multifuncionalidade dos centros comerciais planejados contribui de forma decisiva para acelerar a sua consolidação. A parte teórica se apoia particularmente nos trabalhos de Eberhard Ziedler, Heliana C. Vargas, Lucrécia D\'A. Ferrara, Herman Hertzberger, Richard Rogers e Carlos J. L. Balsas. Quanto à base empírica os centros comerciais escolhidos foram estudados a partir de uma abordagem generalista, até uma análise mais pormenorizada, crítica, de quatro estudos de caso (o Shopping Parque D. Pedro de Campinas, o Centro Industrial e Empresarial AlphaVille de Barueri, o Catuaí Shopping Center de Londrina e o BarraShopping do Rio de Janeiro), chegando-se à definição de três fases em seu processo evolutivo: a de implantação, de desenvolvimento e consolidação. A partir da análise dos padrões atuais, foi possível a idealização de um cronograma hipotético de instalação de um centro comercial condizente com a realidade brasileira. Algumas recomendações para um melhor planejamento e projeto foram elaboradas. Ao final, apenas para ilustrar a metodologia idealizada, apresenta-se um exercício de aplicação que propõe um centro comercial multifuncional para a cidade de Maringá - PR. / This text advances the premise that the multifunction of planned commercial centers contributes in a decisive way to accelerate its consolidation. Eberhard Ziedler, Heliana C. Vargas, Lucrécia D\'A. Ferrara, Herman Hertzberger, Richard Rogers and Carlos J. L. Balsas, researches, support the theoretical part. With regard to the empiric basis, the chosen commercial centers were studied from a generalist approach toward a detailed and critical analysis concerning four cases (Shopping Parque D. Pedro - Campinas, Centro Industrial e Empresarial AlphaVille - Barueri, Catuaí Shopping Center - Londrina and BarraShopping - Rio de Janeiro). This leaded to the definition of the commercial centers three-evolution phases: implantation, development and consolidation. The recent standard analysis turned possible the idealization of a hypothetical chronogram viewing a commercial center installation suitable to Brazilian reality. For better planning and design some recommendations were elaborated. Finally to illustrate the idealized methodology, an application exercise proposing a multifunction commercial center to the City of Maringá -PR, is presented.

published_or_final_version / Housing Management / Master / Master of Housing Management

published_or_final_version / Housing Management / Master / Master of Housing Management

published_or_final_version / Housing Management / Master / Master of Housing Management