Abstract/Summary The discovery of a cadaver or skeletal remains (hereinafter the "Remains") raises a number of questions, one of which is the matter of the identity of the remains. The answer to this particular question can be found through forensic identification and utilization of one of the methods thereof. The aim of my thesis is to provide a brief overview of the methods which are currently most commonly used for the purposes of identifying Remains and introduce the reader to their basics, options and limitations. In order to ensure a better understanding of the subject, I have included a section concerning the Remains and the post-mortem changes thereof. In this thesis, I will focus only on those parts of scientific fields, which are relevant for identification of the Remains, and, similarly with respect to information systems, I target only the information being collected and analyzed by such systems in cases of Remains whose identity is not know. In this thesis, I have chosen to proceed from general terms, division of forensic identification, activities being carried out upon the discovery of the Remains, to the individual methods of identification, information system and practical case studies. The thesis is divided into ten chapters. In the first chapter, I address the subject of general terms...

Abstract Anion exchanger 2 (AE2) is a member of the anion exchanger gene family, which includes three additional members, AE1, AE3, and AE4. They are also known as Na+-independent Cl-/HCO3- exchangers, and their major function is to regulate intracellular pH and chloride concentration. All four isoforms have several N-terminally truncated variants that are often expressed cell type specifically. Red blood cells express the full-length AE1 isoform that interacts with ankyrin, an adapter protein linking plasma membrane to the spectrin-based membrane skeleton. This membrane skeleton association is essential for maintaining the membrane integrity of red blood cells. AE3 variants are mainly found in the brain and heart, whereas AE4 is localized in the kidney. Anion exchanger 2 is expressed in every cell line and tissue studied thus far, and it has been mainly localized to the plasma membrane. However, we found two types of localization/targeting of the AE2 protein in several of the cell lines studied. The protein was localized to either the plasma membrane or the Golgi complex, depending on the cell type. The AE2 variant expressed in these cells was identified as the full-length AE2 protein. The determinants of differential intracellular targeting were assessed. We hypothesized that Golgi-AE2 is anchored to the Golgi membranes via its association with the Golgi membrane skeleton. We were able to show that the Golgi localization of AE2 correlated with the cell type specific expression of Ank195, a Golgi membrane skeletal protein. In cells where AE2 was targeted to the plasma membrane, Ank195 was not expressed. In addition, the detergent insolubility and co-redistribution properties of AE2 and Ank195 strongly suggested that these proteins interact with each other. The Golgi membrane skeleton has been shown to be necessary for maintaining the Golgi structure. Our studies were consistent with these findings, showing that in cells in which AE2 expression was reduced by using AE2-specific antisense oligonucleotides, the Golgi complex was dispersed. The spectrin-based membrane skeleton was probably partially detached from the Golgi membranes leading to breakdown of the Golgi structure and disorganization of the microtubules associated with it. The present findings suggest that the targeting of AE2 is cell type specific, and that Golgi-localized AE2 serves as a membrane association site for the spectrin-based Golgi membrane skeleton, thereby participating in the maintenance of the Golgi structure.

Alterações na coluna vertebral de cães são comumente encontradas na rotina clínica e cirúrgica veterinária. Existem poucos estudos sobre a anatomia ultrassonográfica musculoesquelética do segmento toracolombar e lombar da coluna vertebral normal de cães. O objetivo deste trabalho foi comparar a anatomia ultrassonográfica musculoesquelética normal dos segmentos vertebrais avaliados com imagens obtidas pela ressonância magnética, tomografia computadorizada e peças anatômicas visando demonstrar a sua capacidade de identificação de estruturas. A varredura ultrassonográfica permitiu a visibilização da musculatura da região, processos articulares, processos espinhosos, ligamentos interespinhosos e ligamento amarelo na janela lombossacra. A tomografia computadorizada forneceu imagens com melhor detalhamento ósseo quando comparada ao exame ultrassonográfico. A ressonância magnética de baixo campo permitiu a identificação das mesmas estruturas que o exame ultrassonográfico acrescido da identificação do líquido cefalorraquidiano, processos transversos e melhor detalhamento dos discos intervertebrais e medula espinhal. Com o conhecimento da anatomia ultrassonográfica da região, acredita-se que lesões musculares e ligamentares possam ser identificadas. Vale salientar que em regiões onde a tomografia computadorizada e a ressonância magnética não estejam acessíveis a ultrassonografia da região pode ser uma boa alternativa para identificar possíveis alterações não visibilizadas ao exame radiográfico, ou complementar o mesmo. / Changes in the spine of dogs are usually found in clinical and surgical practices. There are few studies on musculoskeletal ultrasound anatomy of thoracolumbar and lumbar segments of the normal spine of dogs. The aim of this study was to compare normal musculoskeletal ultrasound anatomy of the vertebral segments evaluated with images obtained by magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography and anatomical parts in order to establish its ability to identify structures. The ultrasound scan allowed visualization of the muscles of the region, articular processes, spinous process, interspinous ligament and yellow ligament in the lumbosacral window. Computed tomography provide images with better bone details when compared to ultrasound examination. Low field magnetic resonance imaging allowed the identification of the same structures as the ultrasound examination plus the identification of cerebrospinal fluid, transverse processes and better detail of the intervertebral discs and spinal cord. Knowledge of ultrasound anatomy of the region may lead to detection of muscle and ligament injuries. It is emphasized that in areas where CT and MRI are not accessible, ultrasonography of the region can be a good alternative to identify possible alterations not visualized by radiographic examination or supplement it.

The objective of this study is to explore the methods used for automatic roof reconstruction so far and on the basis of this analysis purpose a methodology, which uses the geometric structure of Straight Skeleton for an initial approximation of the roof shape. In the first part of this thesis issues of automatic detection and extraction of building roof planes from laser scanning data are explored. Also, the Straight Skeleton is described in detail here and its potential for the construction of hip and saddle roofs is explained. An iterative approach which consists of deleting or moving appropriate points between roof planes using the principles of orthogonal regression is specified as an optimization method. In the second part of this thesis the proposed algorithm was implemented using CGAL (an open source library) and then it was tested on different data sets. In the very end, it is concluded that the use of the proposed algorithm on more complex types of roofs is inappropriate. The excellent results of the optimization of hip and saddle-shaped roof types are highlighted simultaneously.

This master thesis is focused on cartography generalization of a rivers using collapse and partial collapse method with the usage of straight skeleton data structure. The proposed method was designed for large scale maps in geographical view and for medium scale maps in cartographic view (till 1 : 100 000). The thesis is focusing on width of a river as stand alone criteria for generalization decision. The presented solution represents set of a criteria which decides on generalization of a river. The presented thesis also solves problematic situations that exist on a river such as islands, junctions, shoulders or bifurcation. The thesis also includes proposed generalization algorithm which is using straight skeleton data structure. The algorithm is implemented in C++ programming language in Microsoft Visual Studio IDE. The algorithm uses external libraries Qt and CGAL (Computational Geometry Algorithms Library) for functioning. Algorithm results are saved in ESRI geodatabase with the usage of Python 2.7 programming language and external library ArcPy. Water areas from ZABAGED were chosen as appropriate data for testing. Achieved results of generalization are presented on test data for various scales and they are compared with base maps of Czech Republic. Keywords: digital cartography, cartography...

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Alors que les surfaces géométriques sont essentiellement représentées à l'aide de maillages triangulaires dans le domaine de la géométrie numérique, les structures permettant d'interagir avec ces géométries sont variées et adaptées aux différents traitements visés par l'utilisateur. Cette thèse présente des travaux réalisés sur des structures de dimension et de représentation géométrique variées, allant de l'étude des structures internes comme les squelettes analytiques pour la modélisation géométrique, passant par les structures surfaciques pour la sélection automatiques de poignées de déformation, jusqu'aux structures externes de contrôle d'objet de type "cage" offrant une représentation haut niveau de séquences animées d'objets issues de systèmes de performance capture. Sont présentés également les résultats obtenus sur les coordonnées aux valeurs moyennes offrant une solution au problème de l'interpolation de conditions de Dirichlet, pour lesquelles les formules analytiques des gradients et Hessiens sont fournies, et les fonctions biharmoniques pour lesquelles une base d'éléments finis est formulée pour la résolution du problème de Laplace biharmonique avec conditions mixtes Dirichlet/Neumann, ainsi que leurs applications à la déformation de formes 3D. / While 3D surfaces are essentially represented using triangle meshes in the domain of digital geometry, the structures that allow to interact with those are various and adapted to the different geometry processing tasks that are targetted by the user.This thesis presents results on structures of various dimension and various geometrical representations, going from internal structures like analytical curve skeletons for shape modeling, to on-surface structures allowing automatic selection of feature handles for shape deformation, and external control structures known as “cages” offering a high-level representation of animated 3D data stemming from performance capture. Results on spatial functions are also presented, in particular for the Mean-Value Coordinates, for which the analytical formulae of the gradients and the Hessians are provided, and biharmonic functions, for which a finite elements basis is given for the resolution of the biharmonic Laplace problem with mixed Dirichlet/Neumann boundary conditions, as well as their applications to 3D shapes deformation.

Multi-tissue pattern formation during development is a complex process in which extracellular communication events specify distinct cell types and regulate exquisite embryonic morphogenesis. The sea urchin embryo provides an excellent model for studying pattern formation due to relative genetic and morphological simplicity. The larval skeleton is secreted via biomineralization by the skeletogenic primary mesenchyme cells (PMCs). The PMCs undergo an epithelial-mesenchymal transition and migrate as individual cells within the blastocoel into stereotypic positions; this regulated PMC migration and positioning is required for normal skeletal patterning. Elegant PMC transplant experiments have demonstrated that PMC positioning, and thus skeletal patterning, is directed by ectodermal cues, and not by cues internal to the PMCs. In recent years, new efforts have been made to identify the ectodermal gene products that regulate skeletal development. The transcription factors Otp, Pax2/5/8 and Strim1, signaling by FGF, VEGF, and Wnt5a ligands have all been implicated in skeletal development in the sea urchin embryo; however, loss-of-function analysis for most of these gene products results in inhibition of skeletogenesis, suggesting that they regulate biomineralization and not PMC positioning and patterning. Notably, no skeletal patterning genes have previously been identified that pattern specific parts of the larval skeleton. This dissertation takes candidate-based and systems-level approaches to identify novel skeletal patterning genes that pattern distinct parts of the larval skeleton. We find that activation of the Alk4/5/7 receptor is required during gastrulation for anterior PMC positioning and skeletal patterning. We next test the function of the TGF-ß ligand Univin and find that it is necessary and sufficient for secondary skeletal patterning, indicating that Univin is a likely signaling ligand in anterior skeletal patterning. We also report a ventral accumulation of sulfated proteoglycans that requires function of the sulfate transporter, SLC26a2/7. This SLC-dependent sulfated proteoglycan accumulation is necessary and sufficient to attract PMCs to the ventral territory, and thereby pattern the ventral transverse skeletal elements. Finally, BMP5-8 function is required for left-side skeletal and serotonergic neuron development. Together, these studies reveal novel ectodermal genes that specifically regulate skeletal patterning across the anterior-posterior, dorsal-ventral, and left-right axes in Lytechinus variegatus embryos. / 2017-01-01T00:00:00Z

Proposes two buildings located at the top of the raised part of the resolved region. One building is positioned parallel to the access road. The shape of the building recalls the long kubus facing in the direction of the driveway and the building of accommodation is designed perpendicular to the object. Both objects are embedded into the basement terrain. Accommodation building is situated on the south, bright and warm side with a beautiful view.

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