Same-sex couples are affected by the social and political climates in which they live, as these create the difference between acceptance and legalization, and discrimination and prohibition, of their relationships. This contingence is made increasingly impactful by the privileges and protections afforded to married couples by the federal government; same-sex couples, along with other couples that choose not to, or cannot, marry, are excluded from these benefits. Following the June 26, 2013 ruling that Section Three of the Defense of Marriage Act (DOMA), which defined marriage as between a man and a woman, was unconstitutional, same-sex couples were given access to over 1,100 federal protections and benefits and supported legally for the first time. My research explored the lived experiences of same-sex couples following this milestone in order to develop an understanding of the psychological and relational effects of the DOMA repeal on same-sex couples. This understanding may assist therapists working with these couples by increasing comprehension of their context and the effects of the DOMA repeal on their internal and relationship functioning. By understanding these aspects, therapists may work more capably and sensitively with same-sex couples, and be more informed regarding potential problems these clients may bring to therapy. Both qualitative and quantitative approaches were employed in order to gather comprehensive data on the topic, utilize the strengths of both methodologies, and enhance the results of each method with the other. A single instrument, an online survey, was utilized. The quantitative paradigm provided numerical data on the experiences of same-sex couples following the DOMA repeal, as well as differences in experiences based on variance in state laws. Under the qualitative paradigm, phenomenological methodology was utilized to explore and convey participants' experience of the repeal in their own words. Responses were collected via survey to allow for more anonymity for participants, as well as a more representative sample of same-sex couples across the country. Qualitative and quantitative questions were included on the survey; responses were analyzed separately, and then merged during interpretation. Implications for clinical practice derived from this study are reviewed, as well as implications for advocacy work and directions for further research. It is hoped that this study will provide a better understanding of same-sex couples' lived experiences following the repeal of DOMA's Section Three, and provide implications for therapists working with these couples.

[pt] Este trabalho expõe uma revisão da literatura acadêmica e jornalística sobre a sustentabilidade da moda e um estudo de campo sobre o lixão de roupas do Atacama. O objetivo é ser um compêndio sobre os impactos da indústria da moda e trazer iniciativas que visem minimizá-los. A moda é a segunda indústria mais poluente do mundo. Representa 2 por cento do PIB mundial, mas contribui com 8 por cento do total de emissão do carbono. É a segunda que mais consome água: 10 por cento do abastecimento e 20 por cento da poluição da água industrial global. Mais de 90 milhões de toneladas de resíduos têxteis vão parar nos aterros sanitários ao ano, sendo que um quarto é incinerada com alto impacto pelo uso de fibras sintéticas. O maior desafio da moda é ser circular e sustentável. Um dos exemplos emblemáticos do impacto da moda no meio ambiente é o descarte ilegal de roupas do deserto de Atacama, no Chile. Em 2021 foi noticiado como o maior lixão da moda do mundo com 300 hectares. Em 2023, através de pesquisa de campo foram encontradas 100 áreas de descarte de roupas: 50 dessas áreas com queimadas, 16 com descartes de roupas e 34 de outros tipos de descartes misturados. Foi observado que esse descarte ilegal tem um impacto social grande na região, onde a economia ao redor foca em peças coletadas para o sustento das famílias pobres. O estudo local e de imagens de satélite permitiu constatar mudanças na dinâmica do descarte ilegal. Muitos são os atores na cadeia da moda e cada um pode mudar os hábitos para termos uma moda menos poluente. Os designers podem utilizar modelagem eficiente, economia circular, upcycling, reciclagem, uso de fibras biodegradáveis em prol da sustentabilidade. Já o consumidor pode apoiar a economia circular, ser consciente com compras, lavagem de roupas, suas peças e a rastreabilidade dos materiais e processos utilizados na peça. / [en] This work presents a review of the academic and journalistic literature on the fashion sustainability and a field study on the Atacama clothing dump. The objective is to be a compendium on the impacts of the fashion industry and bring initiatives that aim to minimize them. Fashion is the second most polluting industry in the world. It represents 2 percent of world GDP but contributes 8 percent of total carbon emissions. It is the second largest consumer of water: 10 percent of the supply and 20 percent of the global industrial water pollution. More than 90 million tons of textile waste end up in landfills each year, a quarter of which is incinerated with high impact due to the use of synthetic fibers. Fashion s biggest challenge is to be circular and sustainable. In 2021 the largest illegal fashion dump in the world with 300 hectares was reported in Chile. In 2023, through field research and georeferencing, 100 clothing areas were found: 50 with fires, 16 with discards and 34 with mixed waste. The economy around the dump focuses on pieces collected for the livelihood of poor families. The local study and satellite images allowed us to observe changes in the dynamics of illegal disposal. Designers can use efficient modeling, circular economy, upcycling, recycling, use of biodegradable fibers forsustainability. Consumers, on the other hand, can support the circular economy, be conscious with purchases, washing clothes, their parts and the traceability of the materials and processes used in the part.

The work deals with the impact of immigration and integration policies on the living conditions of third-country nationals in the country. It is divided into two parts, theoretical and practical. The theoretical part defines related terms and types of migration. Further describes the causes and effects of migration in the economic, social and demographic. This work also introduces the current migration theories. The work also reflects the integration and integration policy of the state to receive and foreigners living in the Czech Republic. The thesis introduces the living conditions of foreigners living in the Czech Republic, with their position in the labor market, with their terms of health and social security. The work is also given view of immigration and immigration policy, Christian social ethics. The practical part of the thesis research by talking to strangers, employees of the state administration and employers who employ foreigners and thus actively contribute to the successful integration of foreigners into Czech society, to verify the facts mentioned in the theoretical part, the search for the causes of these facts, respectively. possible solutions.