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Lucretia Coffin Mott, in an era filled with events the significance of which reverberates today, spoke publicly about issues of societal and ethical concern. This study focuses on her work as a nineteenth-century female Quaker minister who through public speaking educated adults about the following: abolition of slavery, rights of women, and peaceful ways to address injustice. Separate chapters explore each of these three vital issues. Lucretia Mott ranks as a pioneer female public speaker. At a time that barred women's speaking in public, she spoke about significant issues. Her speaking admitted her to the company of American women who pioneered in speaking publicly. These endeavors to speak to "promiscuous" audiences, those comprised of adult males and females, also admitted her to the company of women who endured criticism, insults, and peril. Through a process of education, these women changed history and shaped culture. Lucretia Mott's Quaker perspective, her way with spoken words, and her womanhood distinguished her work as an educator in public forums and settings that ranged from religious meetings to the lyceum and conventions called to consider issues of national import. What could have prepared this Quaker minister--active in public domains for more than fifty years--for a place among the pioneers who advocated and practiced the right of women to speak purposefully in public forums? Lucretia Mott's commitment to the Society of Friends enabled her to be a pathfinder both in education and on important issues. Therefore, Chapter Two presents an exploration of Quaker history, spirituality, and practices to inform for purposes of historic educational analysis and interpretation. References in historical works to noteworthy innovations that originated from efforts by Quakers in American society and to successes in business sparked this inquiry. This study examined her speeches to see how they reflected Quaker principles and practices and her work as a pioneer public speaker who educated about societal and ethical issues. The study concludes that her work was energized because she knew her history, she questioned her world and she lived her faith. / Ph. D.

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Tropical deforestation is singled out as one of the more critical issues facing African countries during the last few decades. In discussing causes of forest depletion, local farmers are often the first to be identified. However, these local farmers have been living in legal, political, social, and economic environments that have had tremendous effects on the system of natural resources management in Africa as well as elsewhere in the tropics.This research project was designed to generate testable hypotheses evaluating the effectiveness of forest policies dating from 1985 in Francophone West Africa including Mali., Senegal, Niger, Burkina Faso, Guinea, Cote d'Ivoire, Benin, and Togo. Since 1985, because of factors such as the droughts of the 1970s and the 1980s, the growing pressure of humans on forest resources, the failure of six decades of centralized forest management policies, and the influence of the international community, national authorities have undertaken a series of reforms of their forest policies to adopt a decentralized management of forest resources. This decentralized forest management policy is aimed at involving local people in the development and the management of their forest resources, promoting local governance, increasing revenues, and achieving sustainable forest management. The actual situation is that new policies have been or are being implemented throughout the region, but until now an inability to evaluate their effectiveness for sustainable forest management exists. The purpose of this research was to identify ways to overcome this problem.The research was limited to reviewing written information on forest policies and legislation, conventions and programs that are related to forest management, to interviewing knowledgeable persons based in Washington, DC, who are interested in forest policy in Africa, and to personal and professional observations in the United States and in Africa. From the review and interviews, a conceptual analysis of key components of forest policies was made to highlight their meanings and usefulness in evaluating decentralized forest management policy. This analysis led to the formulation of hypotheses about decentralized forest management and the enumeration of criteria and indicators of sustainable forest management to measure the effectiveness of new forest policies dating from 1985 in Francophone West Africa. / Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Management