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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
31

Some chemical relations of lime-sulphur solution, lead arsenate amd nicotine

Hedges, C. C. January 1912 (has links)
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Cornell.
32

Spray droplet - dried particle relationships for some spray dried materials

Crosby, E. J. January 1954 (has links)
Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1954. / Typescript. Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 253-257).
33

Effects of a thin, flexible nozzle on droplet formation and impingement /

Hawke, Shane R. January 1900 (has links)
Thesis (M.S.)--Oregon State University, 2007. / Printout. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 87-89). Also available on the World Wide Web.
34

Evaluation and performance prediction of cooling tower spray zones /

Viljoen, D. J. January 2006 (has links)
Thesis (MScIng)--University of Stellenbosch, 2006. / Bibliography. Also available via the Internet.
35

Sistemas microestruturados contendo extratos de Chamomilla recutita L. para aplicações dermocosméticas / Microstructured systems containing Chamomilla recutita L. extract for dermocosmetic applications

Simone Vieira Pereira 24 April 2015 (has links)
A Chamomilla recutita L. é uma das plantas medicinais mais cultivadas no Brasil e no mundo. Os extratos da C. recutita são de interesse para as indústrias farmacêuticas e cosméticas, visto que estes apresentam atividades anti-inflamatória, antioxidante e adstringente. A ação terapêutica do extrato pode ser mais pronunciada que a ação terapêutica de um de seus ativos isolados. No entanto, a incorporação de um extrato em uma formulação pode ser difícil devido à baixa estabilidade dos extratos, bem como à possibilidade de gerarem instabilidade das formulações. Microencapsulando o extrato com um carreador é possível aumentar estabilidade do extrato quanto evitar instabilidade na formulação. Além disso, a microencapsulação é capaz de fornecer outras vantagens, como uma liberação controlada. Dois processos foram estudados como alternativas para a microencapsulação do óleo essencial e do extrato hidroalcoólico da C. recutita usando quitosana como carreador: o spray drying e o spray freeze drying. Planejamentos fatorais foram utilizados para determinar os fatores que mais influenciaram no diâmetro médio das micropartículas, eficiência de encapsulação e teor dos marcadores e rendimento do processo. A apigenina e a apigenina-7-glicosídeo foram usadas como marcadores do extrato hidroalcoólico e o óxido de bisabolol A foi usado como marcador do óleo essencial. Os processos de spray drying e spray freeze drying dos dois extratos foram otimizados e as micropartículas resultantes foram caracterizadas com relação ao diâmetro médio, rendimento do processo, teor e eficiência de encapsulação dos marcadores, atividade antioxidante in vitro, densidade, índice de Carr, fator de Hausner, umidade, morfologia, perfil de liberação n vitro e estabilidade. Os resultados mostraram que o processo de spray drying apresentou os melhores resultados para eficiência de encapsulação, com valores de aproximadamente 98%, 95% e 80% para apigenina, apigenina-7-glicosídeo e óxido de bisabolol A, respectivamente. As eficiências de encapsulação obtidas no processo de spray freeze drying foram de aproximadamente 59%, 58% e 38% para os mesmos marcadores, respectivamente. As micropartículas produzidas por spray freeze drying apresentaram formato irregular e poroso, enquanto as produzidas por spray drying apresentaram formato esférico e superfícies mais lisas, sem poros ou fissuras. Ao contrário do que ocorreu com o extrato hidroalcoólico, a perda do marcador do óleo foi elevada no processo de spray drying, com teor final de 35%. Os teores dos marcadores ficaram acima de 80% para o processo de spray freeze drying do óleo e acima de 90% para o extrato hidroalcoólico. As micropartículas produzidas por spray drying do extrato hidroalcoólico e do óleo e por spray freeze drying do extrato hidroalcoólico e do óleo apresentaram diâmetro médio de 5,1 ?m, 5,0 ?m, 31,0 ?m e 96,4 ?m, respectivamente. Ensaios de liberação in vitro mostraram que as micropartículas foram capazes de sustentar a liberação dos respectivos marcadores. Os estudos de permeação in vitro das micropartículas produzidas por spray drying do extrato hidroalcoólico também mostraram que estas foram capazes de sustentar a liberação. A microencapsulação proporcionou em todos os casos um aumento considerável da estabilidade. As micropartículas produzidas por spray drying do extrato hidroalcoólico apresentaram teores de marcadores no mínimo 50% maiores que o extrato puro após 90 dias. O spray freeze drying se mostrou como a melhor alternativa para produção de micropartículas de quitosana contendo o óleo essencial de C. recutita, enquanto o processo de spray drying se mostrou como uma ótima alternativa para microencapsulação do extrato hidroalcoólico da C. recutita. / Chamomilla recutita L. is one of the most cultivated medicinal plants in Brazil and around the world. Its extracts are important to both the pharmaceutical and cosmetics industries due to its therapeutic applications, such as an anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and astringent. The therapeutic effects of an extract may be more pronounced than those of an isolated active compound. However, the incorporation of an extract in a formulation is difficult due to the low stability of extracts and the potential instabilities they may cause in formulations. Microencapsulating an extract in a carrier is a potential way of increasing the stability of an extract and avoiding instabilities in a formulation. Compound microencapsulation also brings other advantages, such as controlled release rates. Two processes were studied as alternatives to microencapsulating C. recutita essential oil and C. recutita hydroalcoholic extract using chitosan as a carrier: spray drying and spray freeze drying. Factorial designs were used to determine which process factors most influence the mean diameter, encapsulation efficiency and content of the chemical markers, and process yield. Apigenin and apigenin-7-glucoside were used as chemical markers for the hydroalcoholic extract and bisabolol oxide A was used as the chemical marker for the essential oil. The spray drying and spray freeze drying processes for both the oil and hydroalcoholic extract were optimized and the resulting microparticles were further characterized to determine mean diameter, process yield, marker encapsulation efficiency and content, in vitro antioxidant activity, density, Carr index, Hausner factor, water content, morphology, in vitro release profiles and stability. The results showed spray drying had the best encapsulation efficiency results, with about 98%, 95% e 80% of the apigenin, apigenin-7-glucoside and bisabolol oxide A content, respectively, inside the microparticles. The encapsulation efficiencies obtained in the spray freeze drying process were about 59%, 58% e 38% for the same chemical markers, respectively. Microparticles produced by spray freeze drying were irregular and porous, whereas microparticles produced by spray drying were spherical and fairly smooth, without porous or cracks. Contrary to what happened with the hydroalcoholic extract, oil marker content was low for spray dried microparticles, with final content at 35%. Chemical markers contents were above 80% for the oil and above 90% for the hydroalcoholic extract in spray freeze dried microparticles. Spray dried microparticles containing extract and oil and spray freeze dried microparticles containing extract and oil had mean diameter of 5.1 ?m, 5.0 ?m, 31.0 ?m and 96.4 ?m, respectively. In vitro release profiles showed all microparticles were able to sustain their respective marker release rates. In vitro permeation studies of spray dried microparticles containing hydroalcooholic extract also showed sustained release rates for the corresponding markers. Microencapsulation also provided considerable increase in C. recutita hydroalcoholic extract stability and C. recutita essential oil stability. After 90 days spray dried microparticles containing hydroalcoholic extract presented marker content 50% higher than the pure hydroalcoholic extract. Spray freeze drying was the best alternative to produce chitosan microparticles containing C. recutita essential oil, while spray drying was shown to be an excellent way to microencapsulate C. recutita hydroalcoholic extract in chitosan.
36

A biological study of the spread of pesticides from small droplets

Abdalla, Mohamed Ragab January 1984 (has links)
No description available.
37

Microencapsulation d’un adhésif sensible à la pression par des procédés d’atomisation / Microencapsulation of a pressure sensitive adhesive by methods based on atomization

Gavory, Cécile 08 October 2012 (has links)
L'objectif de ce travail de thèse consiste en l'étude de l'encapsulation, par des procédés d'atomisation, d'un adhésif sensible à la pression se présentant sous la forme d'une émulsion aqueuse. Des microparticules de diamètres moyens inférieurs à 50 μm et à base d'éthylcellulose plastifiée ont été élaborées par spray-drying ; la proportion d'adhésif incorporé a pu atteindre 25% en masse. L'encapsulation a également été réalisée par spraycooling avec des matières d'enrobage fusibles, notamment avec une huile de palme totalement hydrogénée. Un plan de criblage a été réalisé et a permis d'identifier des conditions optimales avec 50% d'adhésif et 2% d'un tensioactif lipophile : des tailles équivalentes aux précédentes et une adhésion maximale de l'ordre de 6 N après rupture des particules ont été obtenues. Le polymorphisme relatif aux matières grasses a été mis en évidence et des analyses couplées ont permis de mettre au point un traitement thermique adéquat pour s'en affranchir. Des tests de résistance mécaniques de microparticules unitaires de diamètres inférieures à 20 μm ont été menés et ont montré pour les deux types de particules des niveaux de forces de rupture de quelques centaines de micronewtons et une relation quasi linéaire entre ces forces et les tailles de particules / The aim of this work was to microencapsulate a water-based pressure sensitive adhesive by mechanical methods based on atomization. Microparticles having a mean diameter inferior to 50 μm have been produced by spray-drying with a wall material made up of plastified ethylcellulose; the proportion of adhesive incorporated reached 25% w/w. Besides, the microencapsulation of the adhesive was achieved by spray-cooling with fusible wall materials. A totally hydrogenated palm oil was especially selected. An experimental screening design was carried out: optimal formulation conditions were identified, namely 50% adhesive and 2% of a lipophilic emulsifier. Mean diameter size of the microparticles collected was equivalent to the spray-dried one and their adhesive forces reached 6 N after crushing. Polymorphism inherent in fats subjected to quenching was brought to light and coupled analyses enabled to set an appropriate thermal treatment to overcome it. Mechanical tests performed on unitary microparticles having diameters inferior to 20 μm and elaborated by both spray methods revealed that the order of magnitude of the crushing forces was about few hundreds micronewtons and the forces raised almost linearly with the particles size
38

Efeitos termicos da secagem em spray

Kanzig, Rodolfo Guilhermo 15 July 2018 (has links)
Orientador : Chin Shu Chen / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-15T09:32:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Kanzig_RodolfoGuilhermo_M.pdf: 2666010 bytes, checksum: d39b29ad0e08d758369e55e8224ea989 (MD5) Previous issue date: 1976 / Resumo: Neste estudo o método de analiso de sistemas foi aplicado na analise dos efeitos térmicos durante a secagem em spray. O modelo matemático foi programado em Fortran IV e executado no sistema de computação PDP 10. Assumindo cinética de reação de primeira ordem e diversas energias de ativação estudaram-se o efeito da distribuição de tamanhos das partículas do tamanho das partículas, do teor de sólidos da alimentação do secador e a influência das tempera furas. Os resultados indicam a importância do tamanho das partículas e da energia de ativação da reação no tratamento térmico. A presença de partículas pequenas, ao aumentar a velocidade de secagem, diminui tratamento térmico. Simulando condições de secagem cos dados publicados na literatura, obtiveram-se valores de D212 entre 0,009 e 0,018 minutos a Z = 200 para Salmonella Typhimurium, Thompson e Ketucky. Conclui-se que o tratamento térmico durante a secagen em spray pode ser dividido em duas partes: durarte a secagem e durante o transporte até a saída do secador, sendo em cada uma, indicada a influência qualitativa das variáveis / Abstract: In this study the method of system analysis was applied to analyze the thermal effects during the process of spray drying. The model was programmed in Fortran IV end was executed on system PDP 10 Computer. By assuming the first order reaction and different activation energies, the effects of particle size distribution, particle size, solid content, of feed and influence of temperatures were studied. The results indicated the important effects of particle size and the activation energy of re-action on thermal treatments. The presence of small particles by increasing drying velocity was found to decrease thermal effects. Simulation of drying conditions similar to that of reported in the literature, values of D212 between 0,009 and 0,018 minutes at Z = 200 ºF, were obtained for Salmonella Typhimurium, Thompson e Ketucky. It concluded that thermal effects during spray drying nay be divided in two parts; one during drying: itself and the other during transport to the outlet of the drier. The application of the model was able to evaluate the qualitative effects of various variables on the thermal processes / Mestrado / Mestre em Tecnologia de Alimentos
39

Efeito da encapsulação de licopeno na sua estabilidade e biodisponibilidade / Effect of encapsulation of lycopene on their stability and bioavailability

Julio Rafael Pelissari 23 May 2014 (has links)
Licopeno, um pigmento natural considerado o mais potente antioxidante dentre os carotenoides, é oque tem maior incidência no soro humano. Seu consumo regular está relacionado principalmente com a prevenção do câncer de próstata. Porém, estudos também demonstram sua relação com a prevenção de câncer de pâncreas e bexiga, doenças cardiovasculares como a aterosclerose e doenças neurodegenerativas. Todavia, por ser altamente insaturado o licopeno é susceptível à degradação, sendo degradado na presença de luz, oxigênio e se exposto a altas temperaturas. A microencapsulação entra como uma alternativa para tentar garantir maior estabilidade a este carotenoide. A técnica de spray-chilling, por dispensar o emprego de altas temperaturas e solventes durante o processo de atomização, representa uma alternativa promissora na encapsulação do licopeno. Os objetivos deste trabalho foram encapsular uma solução oleosa de licopeno (10%) através da técnica de spray-chilling,utilizando gordura vegetal low trans como carreador, caracterizar as micropartículas obtidas e avaliar a biodisponibilidade do licopeno livre e encapsulado em ratos wistars. Foram formulados seis tratamentos, que diferiam pela concentração de solução comercial de licopeno, sendo T1 com 20%, T2 com 23,1%, T3 com 28,6%, T4 com 33,3%, T5 com 17,9% mais 10% de goma arábica e T6 com 19,2% mais 5% de carboximetilcelulose (CMC). As micropartículas obtidas destes tratamentos foram avaliadas quanto a tamanho e distribuição, morfologia por microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV), espectroscopia de infravermelho com transformadas de Fourier (FT-IR), difração de raios-X (DRX). A estabilidade do licopeno encapsulado foi avaliada em diferentes condições de armazenamento (sob vácuo, umidade relativa de 33%, temperatura de refrigeração e ambiente) e também foi determinada por meio de quantificações periódicas de licopeno, bem como através da análise análise da cor instrumental. A biodisponibilidade foi avaliada utilizando-se 68 animais divididos em grupos, para os quais se administrou por gavagem o licopeno livre e o encapsulado. O tamanho das micropartículas obtidas ficou em torno de 60-110 µm e a distribuição foi polidispersa, independente da concentração de licopeno. A microscopia revelou micropartículas esféricas, com superfície rugosa, com alguns poros e tamanhos variados. No FT-IR verificou-se que não houve formação de ligações distintas na solução oleosa de licopeno e nas amostras atomizadas. Nos difratogramas observou-se a presença da forma polimórfica β para o agente carreador e para as micropartículas. Na estabilidade a adição da goma arábica e o armazenamento sob temperatura de refrigeração e vácuo, foram as melhores condições para retardar a degradação do licopeno. Os resultados dos ensaios de biodisponibilidade foram inconclusivos. Desta forma, conclui-se que é possível encapsular licopeno através da técnica de spray-chilling, porém, para trabalhos futuros, seriam necessários aprimoramentos na técnica de encapsulação e/ou na formulação para conferir maior proteção ao carotenoide, bem como adequações na metodologia para determinação de sua biodisponibilidade, para obtenção de resultados conclusivos. / Lycopene, a natural pigment considered the most potent antioxidant among the carotenoids, it has the higher incidence in the human serum. Its regular consumption is mainly related with the prevention of prostate cancer. However, studies also show its relation to the prevention of pancreatic cancer and bladder cancer, cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis and neurodegenerative diseases. However, by being highly unsaturated the lycopene is susceptible to degradation, being degraded in the presence of light, oxygen and if exposed to high temperatures. The microencapsulation comes like an alternative to ensuring higher stability for this carotenoid. The technique of spray-chilling represents a promising alternative to encapsulation of lycopene. The aims of this study were to encapsulate an oily solution of lycopene (10%) through of the technique of spray-chilling, using a low-trans fat as carrier, to characterize the obtained microparticles and to evaluate the bioavailability of lycopene free and encapsulated in Wistar rats. Six treatments were formulated, that differed by the content of oily solution of lycopene:T1 with 20%, T2 with 23.1%, T3 with 28.6%, T3 with 28.6%, T4 with 33.3%, T5 with 17.9% plus 10% of Arabic gum and T6 with 19.2% plus 5% of carboxymethylcellulose (CMC). The microparticles obtained from these treatments were evaluated for size and distribution, morphology by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), infrared spectroscopy with Fourier transform (FT-IR) and X-ray difraction (XRD). The stability of the lycopene encapsulated was evaluated by its periodic quantification at different storage conditions (vacuum, relative humidity of 33%, refrigeration temperature and environment temperature). Instrumental color, \"L\" and \"a\" parameters, also was measured. The bioavailability was evaluated using 68 animals, for which the free and lycopene encapsulated were administered by gavage. The size of microparticles obtained was around 60-110 µm and the distribution was polydisperse, independent of the concentration of lycopene. The microscopy revealed spherical microparticles, with rough surface, with some pores and varying sizes. In the FT-IR it was found that there was no formation of distinct bonds in oily solution of lycopeno and the atomized samples. In the diffraction patterns observed the presence of polymorphic form \"β\" for the carrier agent and microparticles. On the stability the addition of Arabic gum and the storage at refrigerator temperature under vacuum, were the best conditions to delay the degradation of lycopene. The results of bioavailability assays were inconclusive. As conclusion, it is possible to encapsulate lycopene using the technique of spray-chilling but to future works, would be required improvements in the technique of encapsulation and/or formulations to give more protection to the carotenoid, as well as adjustments in the methodology for determination of their bioavailability, in order to obtaining conclusive results.
40

Retention of sparingly soluble flavouring compounds during spray drying of model solutions.

Elgar, John W. January 1981 (has links)
No description available.

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