The history of cultivating barley dates back to the beginning of conscious agriculture, accompanying humans together with wheat, as the second oldest grain. It is not possible to understand the current role barley plays in our economy only from the perspective of its use of malting, although we regard it as a priority, both in light of breeding and cultivating, and its research. With regard to the short growing season, the weaker root system and its biological character, barley reacts sensitive to stressful conditions of all kind, and thus also to any br1eeding mistake. Throughout its entire vegetation period, spring barley is exposed to the pressure of a number of fungal diseases. Especially in regard to the malting barley, it is necessary to fight against this danger effectively. High demands are put on the quality of malting barley and diseases can - to a large extent - decide on economic breeding results. It says: For successful breeding of malting barley, its outcome is the tax of the complex breeding proceedings. The fight against fungal diseases is a significant part of agricultural engineering. A series of preparations against fungal diseases exist and further registrations of preparations continue to occur. The laboratory Kluky s.r.o. is one of the companies that makes registered experiments of the preparations. Within this recognized laboratory, the experiment of monitoring diseases of the spring barley was carried out while applying chosen beneficent substances.

This thesis focuses on assessing the effectiveness of selected herbicides for spring wheat protection against most occurring dicotyledonous weeds. To verify the effectiveness of selected herbicides was small plot trial on the Farm Kašík, Blanné . The most frequent weeds were (Atriplex patula L., Capsella bursa - pastoris L., Stellaria media L., Thlaspi arvense L. and Tripleurospermum inodorum L.). In an attempt were applied four herbicides (MUSTANG FORTE, Sekator OD, Basagran Super , tank mix glean 75 WG + Dicopur M 750) at two different doses (the minimum and maximum doses recommended by the manufacturers). Effectiveness were evaluated in four measurements with the percentage of subjective estimation methods .

This dissertation explores the role of female political actors in the gendered rebuilding of Tunisia’s post-Ben Ali political infrastructure and how gender both informed and featured in the early stages of the democratic transition. Drawing on thirteen months of fieldwork and over 300 hours of interviews, it narrates a yet untold story of the transformation of female political actors from object to subject of the state. In the post-revolutionary political terrain, gender and women’s rights were imbued with broader discursive significance, becoming a vehicle through which to distinguish two broad political categories of Islamism and secularism, which showcased continuity with the historical deployment of gender in pre-independence and post-colonial authoritarian contexts. However, analysis of the development of gender parity legislation from its introduction in the interim electoral law in advance of the 2011 elections, through the constitutional and electoral law drafting processes, and its implementation in the 2014 elections, reveals the inadequacy of gender as a metaphor for broad political characterisations and the fluidity of the Tunisian political terrain as seen through a gendered lens. It was only through the collaborative work of female political actors across the ideological spectrum within the National Constituent Assembly that the foundational texts of the Second Republic were gendered, acknowledging and addressing the ways that the lived experiences of women, as socially and historically constituted subjects, can mediate access to rights. By virtue of this process, these female deputies, whose own subjectivities were transformed through interaction with male-dominated political institutions, enacted and embodied new modes of the female citizen as subject. Finally, in tracing the development of the gender parity laws through the formative years of Tunisian democracy, this dissertation illuminates the ways in which access to newly democratised political power remains gendered, mediated through the complex interplay between larger political, social, and economic structures.

This diploma thesis Comparison of yield capacity of spring wheat varieties deals with small-scale experiments of three varieties (Astrid, Epos, Tercie) in two vegetation periods. Repetition variations were established in 2015 and 2016 on the school grounds of the Agricultural Faculty of the University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice. During two growing seasons the production of yield elements (the number of plants and the number of fertile crops - ears) was monitored for all varieties and after harvest other yield elements were evaluated the number of grains in the ear and weight of a thousand grains. Actual revenue was determined. Grain analysis determined the bulk density as a quality indicator. In the results and discussion the individual yield elements are described and statistically evaluated. The number of plants was better in 2015 regarding soil density characteristics. The number of fertile offsprings was the highest in the case of Astrid variety in the first production year (642). The number of grains in the ear was very variable for all observed varieties, both production years 2015 and 2016 (from 15 grains in the ear to 68 grains in the ear). Total actual yield was higher in 2015 than in 2016 (by 1.1 t.ha-1). Each spring wheat is characterized by its shorter growing season, during which it must optimally produce the highest yield possible and therefore needs adequate responsible care.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:26:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2006-08-29Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:14:03Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 peres_rmp_me_fca.pdf: 2436230 bytes, checksum: 5fb7fc77c77fb16e3520bf6c8a18b152 (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) / A formação de bases de dados digitais municipais contribuem diretamente para análises das mais diversas áreas do conhecimento. Gerando fontes confiáveis de informações geográficas. Com o objetivo de gerar as representações computacionais do espaço físico geográfico territorial de Botucatu-SP e de construir uma base de dados digital dos aspectos físicos - culturais do município de Botucatu foram utilizados ferramentas, métodos, comandos e procedimentos de geoprocessamento no SPRING (Sistema para Processamento de Informações Georreferenciadas). Foram utilizadas as grades altimétricas de radar da missão SRTM (Shuttle Radar Topography Mission) para elaboração de planos de informações temáticos e imagens de satélites de diferentes formatos para a confecção do mapa de uso e cobertura do solo e foram feitas comparações entre métodos tradicionais de entrada de dados (digitalização) e método automáticos (geração de isolinhas por imagens de radar). Os resultados evidenciaram a correlação entre os dados gerados através de digitalização e das grades de radar da missão SRTM. Também conclui-se que a classificação digital das terras mostrou-se mais eficiente quando houve segmentação da imagem do que quando feita por supervisionamento com máxima verossimilhança. / The formation of municipal digital database contributes directly for many analyses in several areas of knowledge, generating trustworthy source of geographical information. Tools, methods, commands and procedures of geoprocessing at SIG-SPRING have been used in order to generate the computer representations of the geographical area of Botucatu- SP and building a digital database of physical and cultural aspects of the city of Botucatu-SP. Radar altimeter grids of the SRTM (Shuttle Radar Topography Mission) mission have been used to make the thematic information plans and satellite imagery of different formats in order to make the map and soil coverage and comparisons among traditional methods of data entry (digitalization) and automatic data (generation of isolines per radar images) have also been made. The results showed the correlation among generated data through digitalization and the radar grids of the SRTM mission. It is also concluded that the digital classification of areas has proved to be more efficient when there was a segmentation of image instead the supervising using maximum verisimilar process.

Orientador: Luiz Alberto Vieira Dias / Co-orientador: Quintino Dalmolin / Acompanhada de 2 disquetes / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná / Resumo: O mapeamento de pontos turísticos envolvendo a teoria cartográfica não tem sido muito explorado no Brasil, principalmente em meio digital e para visualização em monitor de computador. A partir desta observação, propôs-se o desenvolvimento do presente trabalho, cujos objetivos principais foram: 1) a aplicação do programa SPRING no mapeamento de localização de pontos turísticos e outros pontos de interesse para o turista; 2 ) a geração de uma carta-imagém utilizando imagem orbital Landsat-TM; 3) a elaboração de símbolos cartográficos apropriados a um mapeamento de pontos turísticos e outros pontos de informação de localização ao turista; 4) a aplicação de teste de eficiência dos símbolos cartográficos gerados com estudantes; 5) a montagem de hipertexto para divulgação da pesquisa na INTERNET. A metodologia adotada baseou-se em estudos científicos publicados sobre o assunto, e utilizou os programas SPRING (INPE) e AutoCAD RI 2 para elaboração dos planos da cidade de São Sebastião e dos símbolos cartográficos, respectivamente; além da imagem TM-Landsat. A área de estudo da pesquisa correspondeu à cidade de São Sebastião localizada no Litoral Norte do Estado de São Paulo, à 209 Km da Capital. Utilizou-se como material cartográfico os mapas do IBGE, escala 1:50.000, e arquivos digitais na escala 1:10.000 de plantas da Prefeitura Municipal. Observou-se, ao final do trabalho, que foi possível a geração de símbolos cartográficos, planos da cidade de São Sebastião com informações turísticas, e da carta-imagem no SPRING, dentro do conceito cartográfico, apesar de algumas dificuldades encontradas para a transferência de símbolos projetados analogicamente para o meio digital. Concluiu-se que a maioria dos símbolos foi eficiente na comunicação, podendo-se prever que um turista decodificará corretamente a informação transmitida pelos símbolos, quando utilizar os planos e a carta-imagem. Elaborou-se uma home page para divulgação na INTERNET que apresenta-se como um dos produtos finais da pesquisa. / Abstract: Mapping of touristic sites designed with cartographic concepts were not explored in depth in Brazil, mainly for visualization on computers. This research was proposed as a contribution for this theme. The main objective were: 1) the use of the software SPRING (GIS developed by INPE - National Institute of Spatial Research) in mapping of touristic sites and others points with tourist interest; 2) the design of an map-image based on a TM-Landsat satellite image; 3) the elaboration of cartographic symbols for touristic sites and others points with touristic interest for the tourist to decode the right information quickly; 4) the application of a test of efficiency to cartographic symbols with students; 5) the elaboration of a hipertext for INTERNET, to aim the divulgation and to make public the mapping of touristic sites with cartographic quality. The methodology applied was based on published scientific studies on the subject. Respectively, the software SPRING (INPE) and AutoCAD R.12 to draw São Sebastião City plans and cartographic symbols were adopted. Besides that, a São Sebastião TM-Landsat image for this research study area, which is located at the North Shore of São Paulo State (209 Km from São Paulo City) - Brazil was used. As cartographic reference, the maps from IBGE (Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics) in scale 1:50.000, and digital maps from the Municipality of São Sebastião (SP) in scale 1:10.000 were used. As conclusion we could observe that was possible to generate cartographic symbols for São Sebastião City plans with touristic information, and an map-image in SPRING (INPE), according to cartographic concepts, despite the difficulties with symbols transformation. An INTERNET home page was too a final product of this research. We concluded that most symbols were efficient in communication, foreseeing that tourists will decode accurately the meaning of the symbols.

Master of Science / Geology / Matthew E. Brueseke / The Upper Wind River Basin (UWRB) is located in north-central Wyoming, to the south of the Yellowstone National Park boundary and east of Jackson Hole. Both Lava Mountain and Spring Mountain are Quaternary volcanoes in the UWRB. Lava Mountain is a shield volcano composed of 26 separate lavas capped by a scoria cone. Spring Mountain is located about ~36 km east of Lava Mountain, north of Dubois, WY, where eruptions of basalt cut through Paleocene and Eocene strata. The goal of this study aims to reconstruct the petrogenesis of magmas erupted at both volcanoes using geochemical, petrographic, and isotopic analyses. Important local events in geologic history played a large role in the development of the UWRB. This includes a long history of ancient and Cenozoic subduction, regional extension, and also the migration of the North American plate over the Yellowstone hotspot. The few previous studies on Lava Mountain claim the rocks are mafic in composition, however this was based solely on reconnaissance geological mapping. Geochemical evidence presented in this thesis show Lava Mountain rocks range from basaltic andesite to dacite. Basaltic andesite and dacite are interstratified at the base until approximately 2774 m; the rest of the volcano is andesite. All Lava Mountain samples are largely aphanitic and crystal-poor. Conversely, at Spring Mountain, localized normal faulting controls the location of eruptions of olivine-rich basalt. Petrographic analysis for both Lava Mountain and Spring Mountain display a range of evidence for open system processes, including sieved and/or resorbed pyroxenes, olivines and feldspars, as well as xenocrysts that suggest an influence from crustal assimilation. A petrogenetic model is introduced that discusses how Lava Mountain magma production occurred via fractional crystallization of basalt to dacite, then magma mixing of basaltic andesite and dacite, coupled with small amounts of crustal assimilation, to form the locally erupted andesites. All samples, including Spring Mountain basalts, have ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr isotopes of 0.70608 and 0.70751, with ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd isotopes of 0.51149 and 0.51157 and εNd values of -18 to -22. Pb isotopes plot to the left of the Geochron and directly on to slightly above the Stacey-Kramers curve. Strontium, neodymium, and lead isotope data suggest that Spring Mountain basalts are melts of ancient (e.g., 2.8 Ga Beartooth province) lithospheric mantle. The high ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr values and exceptionally low εNd values separate the UWRB rocks from both Yellowstone and Snake River Plain volcanics, and suggest they originated from a different magma source. Finally, thermal evidence suggests melting genesis for UWRB rocks may not be Yellowstone plume related; rather it is more likely linked to Cenozoic extension.

abstract: Sea ice algae dominated by diatoms inhabit the brine channels of the Arctic sea ice and serve as the base of the Arctic marine food web in the spring. I studied sea ice diatoms in the bottom 10 cm of first year land-fast sea ice off the coast of Barrow, AK, in spring of 2011, 2012, and 2013. I investigated the variability in the biomass and the community composition of these sea-ice diatoms between bloom phases, as a function of overlying snow depth and over time. The dominant genera were the pennate diatoms Nitzschia, Navicula, Thalassiothrix, and Fragilariopsis with only a minor contribution by centric diatoms. While diatom biomass as estimated by organic carbon changed significantly between early, peak, and declining bloom phases (average of 1.6 mg C L-1, 5.7 mg C L-1, and 1.0 mg C L-1, respectively), the relative ratio of the dominant diatom groups did not change. However, after export, when the diatoms melt out of the ice into the underlying water, diatom biomass dropped by ~73% and the diatom community shifted to one dominated by centric diatoms. I also found that diatom biomass was ~77% lower under high snow cover (>20 cm) compared to low snow cover (<8 cm); however, the ratio of the diatom categories relative to particulate organic carbon (POC) was again unchanged. The diatom biomass was significantly different between the three sampling years (average of 2.4 mg C L-1 in 2011, 1.1 mg C L-1 in 2012, and 5.4 mg C L-1 in 2013, respectively) as was the contribution of all of the dominant genera to POC. I hypothesize the latter to be due to differences in the history of ice sheet formation each year. The temporal variability of these algal communities will influence their availability for pelagic or benthic consumers. Furthermore, in an Arctic that is changing rapidly with earlier sea ice and snowmelt, this time series study will constitute an important baseline for further studies on how the changing Arctic influences the algal community immured in sea ice. / Dissertation/Thesis / Masters Thesis Biology 2014

abstract: Fracture phenomena have been extensively studied in the last several decades. Continuum mechanics-based approaches, such as finite element methods and extended finite element methods, are widely used for fracture simulation. One well-known issue of these approaches is the stress singularity resulted from the spatial discontinuity at the crack tip/front. The requirement of guiding criteria for various cracking behaviors, such as initiation, propagation, and branching, also poses some challenges. Comparing to the continuum based formulation, the discrete approaches, such as lattice spring method, discrete element method, and peridynamics, have certain advantages when modeling various fracture problems due to their intrinsic characteristics in modeling discontinuities. A novel, alternative, and systematic framework based on a nonlocal lattice particle model is proposed in this study. The uniqueness of the proposed model is the inclusion of both pair-wise local and multi-body nonlocal potentials in the formulation. First, the basic ideas of the proposed framework for 2D isotropic solid are presented. Derivations for triangular and square lattice structure are discussed in detail. Both mechanical deformation and fracture process are simulated and model verification and validation are performed with existing analytical solutions and experimental observations. Following this, the extension to general 3D isotropic solids based on the proposed local and nonlocal potentials is given. Three cubic lattice structures are discussed in detail. Failure predictions using the 3D simulation are compared with experimental testing results and very good agreement is observed. Next, a lattice rotation scheme is proposed to account for the material orientation in modeling anisotropic solids. The consistency and difference compared to the classical material tangent stiffness transformation method are discussed in detail. The implicit and explicit solution methods for the proposed lattice particle model are also discussed. Finally, some conclusions and discussions based on the current study are drawn at the end. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Mechanical Engineering 2015

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:24:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2008-12-04Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:31:55Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 castro_lis_me_botfca.pdf: 1204333 bytes, checksum: 67b8f66d8cf3eb0d853f108d5f0509ab (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / A gestão ambiental de uma bacia hidrográfica visa garantir rentabilidade aos agricultores, gerar empregos e arrecadação aos municípios, barrar a exclusão social e o êxodo rural, sempre preservando o meio ambiente, promovendo a recuperação das áreas degradadas, bem como a qualidade e a quantidade das águas. Para garantir que o planejamento ambiental otimizado da gestão de conflitos de uso na área da bacia seja implementado, é necessário que novas tecnologias como, por exemplo, os Sistema de Informação Geográfica (SIG) seja utilizado como ferramenta de apoio para a tomada de decisão. Com o objetivo de elaborar um diagnóstico ambiental para o planejamento e gestão eficiente dos recursos naturais na sub-bacia do Ribeirão Pouso Alegre no município de Jaú – SP foi criado um banco de dados a partir de um estudo detalhado de suas características como: solo, dados hidrometeorológicos, declividade, uso do solo, rede de drenagem, e para tanto, foi utilizado o SIG-SPRING. Esse diagnóstico apontou diferenças nas medidas de vazão, sendo o aumento na vazão dos córregos que compõem a sub-bacia na ordem de 22% a 35% em função da ocorrência de chuvas. Também foram apurados resultados do balanço hídrico de dados acumulados em 50 anos, onde se pode avaliar o comportamento dos Índices de Aridez e de Umidade na área da bacia. Através do cruzamento dos mapas de solo e declividade, foram encontradas as classes I, II, III e IV de Capacidade de Uso e com o cruzamento desse mapa com o Mapa de Uso Atual das terras foi verificada a existência de áreas que apresentam uso inadequado, nas terras identificadas como Classe IV, com declividade >12%. 2 A rede de drenagem da bacia em estudo foi atualizada através da sua digitalização tendo como base as fotografias aéreas de 2005 e foram comparadas com a rede de drenagem digitalizada das cartas do IGC, escala 1:10000, de 1980... / Environmental management of a river basin is intended to ensure profitability for farmers, create jobs and revenue to municipalities, spreading social exclusion and rural exodus, always preserving the environment, promoting the recovery of degraded areas, as well as the quality and quantity of water. To ensure that environmental planning optimal management of conflicts of use in the basin area is implemented, it is necessary that new technologies such as the Geographic Information System (GIS) is used as a tool to support the decision-making. Aiming to establish an environmental diagnosis for planning and efficient management of natural resources in the sub-basin of Ribeirao in the city of Pouso Alegre Jaú - SP was created a database from a detailed study of their characteristics such as soil, hydrometeorological data, slope, soil use, drainage network, and to that end, we used the GIS-SPRING. The diagnosis showed differences in measures of flow, and the increase in the flow of streams that make up the sub-basin in the order of 22% to 35% depending on the rainfall. Also cleared were results of the water balance of data accumulated in 50 years, where you can evaluate the behavior of Indices of aridity and humidity in the area of the basin. Through the crossing of the maps of soil and slope, we found the classes I, II, III and IV of capacity use and the crossing of the map with the Statement of Current Use of the land was checked for areas that have misuse, the land identified as Class IV, slope with> 12%. The network of drainage basin in the study was updated through its scan based on the aerial photographs from 2005 and were compared with the network of drainage scanned the letters from the IGC, 1:10000 scale, in 1980. Through this comparison was possible to observe a decrease of 60% in the amount of tax that make up the sub-basin of Pouso Alegre Stream...(Complete abstract click electronic access below)