This thesis is concerned with the direct and indirect mechanisms through which psychosocial stressors affect well-being, within the framework of the Michigan Model (House, 1981). An additional aim is to examine the stress process during workplace transitions. Empirical studies were conducted in three occupational settings: a cross-sectional pilot study with a sample of white-collar employees of several companies (N=144), and two longitudinal studies with samples drawn from a single retail chain, the "manager study" (N=261) and the "relocation study" (N=175). Although statistical control for individual differences (including response style) attenuated associations between work characteristics and strain outcomes, in all three samples work characteristics jointly contributed to the explanation of job satisfaction and psychological distress. More specifically, perceptions of control and social support were associated with job satisfaction, while work demands played a significant role in explaining symptom report. Furthermore, symptom levels predicted work absence in a combined sample of retail employees (N=221). In addition to direct effects, mediation and moderation patterns were examined. Results suggested that work perceptions partially mediated relations between personality (specifically locus of control beliefs and neuroticism) and strain. A similar pattern of mediation was apparent for social support. However, evidence for moderation of the stress process by individual and work characteristics was equivocal. Cross-sectional analyses using the manager sample data revealed significant interactions of control and Type A behaviour with work characteristics, but these interactions were not consistent in form with theory and past research. In contrast, in the longitudinal relocation study interactions were consistent with expectations: the negative impact of change was buffered by social support from senior colleagues and perceptions of control. Longitudinal analyses also demonstrated negative effects of workplace change; decreasing job satisfaction was observed during organisational restructuring, and transfer to a new branch was associated with increased psychological distress. Furthermore latent variable models revealed that changes in support, role ambiguity, and control over time were predictive of changes in job satisfaction. Overall, the present studies emphasise the need to examine simultaneously the joint influences of individual and work characteristics in occupational stress research. In this way the direct and indirect mechanisms through which psychosocial factors influence strain may be more fully understood, and strain-reducing interventions devised.

Submariners are exposed to a unique range of stressors, such as cramped living conditions, lack of privacy, extended periods of isolation and confinement, lack of sunlight, and constant threat. These are in addition to those associated with the military environment. Due to the dangers of the work and potential for disastrous consequences, submariners need to be emotionally stable and possess good coping skills. Previous research on the Royal Australian Navy (RAN) Submarine Service indicated a need for further support to improve individual coping and organisational outcomes. Based on this research, current attitudes towards Submarine Service were examined, such as views on working hours, job demands, training and preparation, and being a submariner. Going one step further, this study investigated the effectiveness of a multimodal cognitive behavioural workplace stress management intervention with RAN submariners. A quasi-experimental design was employed and the eight-session intervention was conducted with operational submariners whilst they were working on shore. Work outcomes measured included job satisfaction, job performance, and sickbay attendance, and psychological outcomes examined were stress and strain symptoms, depression, anxiety, coping resources, health and general wellbeing. These outcomes were assessed through self-report both at sea and on shore. Stress symptoms, vocational strain, interpersonal strain, and role overload strain all decreased after the intervention, and use of social support as a coping resource and confidence in job performance both increased. Unfortunately, however, these changes were not sustained in the sea-going environment. These results are discussed in light of previous research, and recommendations for the organisation and for future research are outlined.

Thesis (M. Nurs.)--University of Hong Kong, 2007.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Sydney, 2009. / Title from title screen (viewed June 1, 2009) Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy to the Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine. Degree awarded 2009; thesis submitted 2008. Third "a" in "GABAA" on t.p. is a subscript. Includes bibliography. Also available in print form.

Thesis (M.S.)--Missouri State University, 2009. / "May 2009." Includes bibliographical references (leaves 57-62). Also available online.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1984. / Typescript. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 34-36).

Thesis (M.Ed.)--University of Alberta, 2009. / Title from pdf file main screen (viewed August 10, 2009). "A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Graduate Studies and Research in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Education in Counselling Psychology, Educational Psychology, University of Alberta." Includes bibliographical references.

Submitted by Nathanne_estagiaria Silva (nathanne.silva@fgv.br) on 2012-01-09T17:48:52Z No. of bitstreams: 1 000022967.pdf: 17146999 bytes, checksum: 20be45f231c949f3bbebaef0627c1166 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2012-01-09T17:49:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 000022967.pdf: 17146999 bytes, checksum: 20be45f231c949f3bbebaef0627c1166 (MD5) / Both types of stress, physiological and psychological, constitute, in my opinion, only one phenomenon though it's necessary to make this segmentation in a didactic way. In this paper, both types were theorectically studied, but the same is supposed to analyse only the influence of the personality factors as: Extraversion, Introversion and the dogmatism upon the·vaulne ability to stress. The cognitive determinants · were taken as mediators of this relation. The battery used for empirical verification was composed by the following tests: l6PF of Cattell and Eber; Toulouse-Pie r on P Factor, Rokeach Dogma Scale and the Sorting - Test adapted for this paper. These instruments were used in order to test the hypothesis: the extravert and the dogmatic, both in the isolated condition or combined, present vulnerability to stress much more than the introvert and thenon-dogmatic at the same conditions. The multiple regression analysis has shown that no difference was observed, in relation to vulnerability to stress, among the types extravert, introvert, dogmatic and non-dogmatic neither isolated nor at the combinations extravert-dogmatic and introvert-non-dogmatic. It's possible that some circunstances may explain this phenomenon, such as: First; the vulnerability to stress is much more related to personality tratts than to type. - Second : the instrument used to measure extraversion- introversion doesn' t provide a valid measure since the concept is based on the first formulation of activation theory. - At last we could add another relation about the influence of personality factors upon the vulnerability to stress. This relation may be studied under the two aspects of stress: specificity and non-specificity. Thus, it could be possible to presume that personality factors as much as cognitive determinants would be more related to specificity than to non-specificity. The last one would be more entailed to physiological aspects. This last proposition, could serve as a scheme to a different empirical and theorical analysis of the personality factors influence upon the vulnerability to stress, emphasizing especificity more than non- specificity. / Les deux types de stress physiologique et psychique constituent, selon moi, un seul phénomene, quoique cette division soit nécessaire du point de vue didactique. Dans cet étude, les deux types ont été abordés théoriquement mais ce travail se propose ã analyser l'influence des facteurs de personnalité - extroversion, introversion et dogmatisme - sur la vulnerabilité au stress . Les déterminants cognitifs ont été considérés comme médiateurs de cette relation. L'instrument utilisé pour la vérification empirique a été composé par les tests suivants: le 16 PF de Cattell et Eber, le Facteur P. de Toulouse-Piéron, l'Bchelle de Dogmatisme de Rokeach et le Sorting-Test adapté à cet étude. Ces instruments ont été employés pour tester les hypotheses: l'extroverti et le dogmatique, tantôt dans la condition isoléetantôt en combinaison, présentent une plus grande vulnérabilité au stress que l'introverti et le non-dogmatique, dans les mêmes conditions. L'analyse de la regression multiple a prouvé qu'aucune différence, pour la vulnerabilité au stress, a été observée par rapport aux types extroverti, introverti, dogmatique et non-dogmatique soit isolément soit dans les combina naisons cxtrovcrti-dogmatique ct lntroverti -dogmatiquc. It est probable que certaines circonstances puissent expliquer ce phenomene. D'abord, il est possible que la vuln€rabilitê au stress soit plus en rapport avec le trace de personalitê qu'avec le type de personalitê. Par ailleurs, il est possible que l'instrument employê pour mesurer extroversion-introvcrsion ne fournisse pas une mesure: valide puisque le concepte est fondê sur les premieres formulations de la thêorie de l'activation. Nous pourrions encore ajouter un autre rapport dans l'influence des facteurs de personnalite sur la vulnêrabilitê au stress. Ce rapport peutêtre etudie dans les deux aspects du stress: la specificitê et la non-specificite. De cette façon, on pourrait conjecturer que les facteurs de personnalitê aussi bien que les dêterminants cognitifs seraient plus en rapport avec la spêcificit€ qu'avec la non-spêcificitê. Celle-ci serait plus liée aux aspects physiologiques. Cette derniére proposition pourrait servir comme schêma pour une diffêrente analyse thêorique et empirique de l'influence des facteurs de personnali t€ sur la vulnêrabilitê au stress, soulignant plutô t la spêcificité que la non-spécificitê. / Os dois tipos de stress fisiológico e psicológico constituem, a meu ver, um único fenômeno, embora, do ponto de vista didático, faça-se necessária esta divisão. Neste estudo ambos os tipos foram abordados teoricamente, mas o mesmo se propõe a analisar a influência dos fatores de personalidade - extroversão, introversão e dogmatismo- na vulnerabilidade ao stress. Os determinantes cognitivos foram considerados como mediadores desta relação. O instrumental utilizado para a verificação empírica foi composto dos seguintes testes: 16 PF de Cattell e Eber, Fator P de Toulouse-Pieron, Escala de Dogmatismo de Rokeach e o Sorting-Test, adaptado para esse estudo. Esses instrumentos foram utilizados para testar as hipóteses; o introvertido e o não-dogmático, tanto na condição isolada quanto em combinação, apresentam vulnerabilidade ao stress maior do que o extrovertido e o dogmático nas mesmas condições. A análise da regressão múltipla demonstrou que nenhuma diferença quanto à vulnerabilidade ao stress foi observada em relação aos tipos extrovertido, introvertido, dogmátlco e não-dogmático, quer isoladamente, quer nas combinações extrovertido-dogmático e introvertido-não-dogmático. É provável que algumas circunstâncias possam explicar esse fenômeno. Em primeiro lugar é possível que a vulnerabilidade ao stress esteja mais relacionada com traço de personalidade do que com tipo. Em segundo lugar, pode ser que o instrumento utilizado para medir extroversão-introversão não forneça uma medida válida: uma vez que o conceito se baseia nas primeiras formulações da teoria da ativação. Poderíamos, ainda, acrescentar uma outra relação na influência dos fatores de personalidade na vulnerabilidade ao stress . Esta relação pode ser estudada sob os dois aspectos do stress: a especificidade e a não-especificidade. Assim sendo, poder-se-ia conjecturar que tanto os fatores de personalidade quanto os determinantes cognitivos estariam mais relacionados com a especificidade do que com a não-especificidade. Esta última estaria mais vinculada aos aspectos fisiológicos. Esta última proposição poderia servir de um esquema para uma diferente análise teórica e empírica da influência dos fatores de personalidade na vulnerabilidade ao stress, enfatizando mais a especificidade do que a não-especificidade.

Orientador : Nancy Airoldi Teixeira / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-02T08:18:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Santos_JaquelineRochaBorgesdos_M.pdf: 2979401 bytes, checksum: 0e13bd2e764d45e4b5fa97aacd10a383 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2002 / Resumo: Neste estudo, investigamos as alterações comportarnentais produzidas pela inibição aguda da síntese do óxido nítrico em ratas fêmeas adultas no labirinto em cruz elevado, campo aberto, teste de retração da cauda, esquiva ativa sinalizada, esquiva passiva e desamparo aprendido. Os animais receberam L-NAME por via i.p. na dosagem 100mg/kg (grupo tratado, N=10) e solução salina 0,9% (grupo controle, N=10) 30 minutos antes do teste no labirinto em cruz elevado, campo aberto e teste de retração da cauda. No desamparo aprendido, os animais receberam solução salina 0,9%, ou L-NAME 10 e 100mg/kg, 30 minutos antes do confinamento ou choques inescapáveis; 24 horas após, foram submetidos a choques escapáveis. No labirinto em cruz elevado, diferenças estatisticamente significantes foram observadas no tempo e na freqüência de entradas nos braços abertos do grupo tratado em relação ao controle. No campo aberto, diferenças estatísticas foram observadas no tempo de centro e levantar-se (rearing), no grupo tratado em relação ao controle. No teste de retração da cauda, houve diferença estatisticamente significativa no tempo de latência de retração da cauda do grupo tratado em relação ao controle. Na esquiva passiva, os animais receberam por via i.p. solução salina 0,90.10ou L-NAME 100mg/kg30 minutos antes do treino e teste, consistindo os seguintes grupos: grupo C-C (os animais receberam solução salina 0,9% no dia do treino e teste); C-D (os animais receberam solução salina 0,90.10 no dia do treino e LNAME 100mg/kg no dia do teste); D-C (os animais receberam L-NAME 100mg/kg no dia do treino e solução salina 0,9% no dia do teste); D-D (os animais receberam L-NAME l00mg/kg no dia do treino e teste). Não foram observadas diferenças estatísticas na porcentagem de aprendizagem nos grupos. Na esquiva ativa sinalizada, diferenças estatístcas foram observadas entre os grupos satina e tratado, no dia do treino, causando um déficit no escape, mas não os impediu de aprender a tarefa. Desta forma, a inibição da síntese do óxido nítrico alterou parcialmente o comportamento exploratório e emocional, reduziu a ansiedade, produziu analgesia, não prejudicou a aprendizagem e memória, apresentou efeito antidepressivo na dosagem 100m/kg de L-NAME / Abstract: In this work we investigated behaviour altered produced foracute inhibition of nitric oxide synthesis in adults female rats in plus maze test, open field, tail flick test, ative avoidance signalling, passive avoidance and learned helplessness. The animaIs received L-NAME i.p. 100mg/kg(treated group, N=lO) and saline solution 0,9% (contro1group, N=10) 30 minutes before of plus maze test open field and tail flick test. In leamed helplessness, the animals received saline solution 0,9%, or LNAME 10 and l00mg/kg, 30 minutes before confinament or inescapable shocks; 24 hours before, were submetted at escapable shocks. In the plus maze test, significant statistical differences were observed in time and frequency of entries into open arms of treated and control groups. In the open field, statistical differences were observed in center time and rearing, in treated group reIative to control group. Statistical differences were seen at tail flick test in latency time of tail flick of treated group relative to control group. In passive avoidance, the animais received i.p. saline solution 0,9% or L-NAME 100mg/kg 30 minutes before training and test, divided in four groups: group C-C (the animaIs received saline solution 0,9% in the training and test days); C-D (the animais received saline solution 0,90.10 in the day of training and L-NAME 100mg/kg in the test); D-C (the animais received L-NAME 100mg/kg in the day of training and saline solution 0,90.10 in the test); D-D (the animaIs received L-NAME 100mg/kg in the training and test days). No statistical differences were seen in percentage of learning tn the groups. In ative avoidance signaling, statistical differences were observed between controI group and treated group, in the training day caused an escape deticit, but did not avoided them to learn task. Thus, the acute inhibition of nitric oxide synthesis altered partialy exploratory and emotional behaviour, reduced anxiety, produced analgesy, did not injured learned and memory, presented antidepressive effect at dose of 100mg.kg-1 / Mestrado / Mestre em Farmacologia

Submitted to the Faculty of EDUCATION in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF EDUCATION in the Department of EDUCATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY AND SPECIAL EDUCATION at the UNIVERSITY OF ZULULAND, 1998. / The present study examines determinants of occupational stress among teachers in KwaZulu-Natal. The first aim was to ascertain the extent to which teachers in KwaZulu-Natal experience stress from work-related factors. The second aim was to determine whether any relationship exists between teachers' personality dimensions and their stress levels. The third aim was to determine which personality dimension (s) best predict (s) stress in different work situations. The last aim was to determine whether any significant effects exist between teachers' biographical characteristics and perception of the nature of work-related stress factors. To this end, a standardized scale (KPQ) was used for eliciting teachers' personality dimensions and the researcher's own scale, Occupational Stress Inventory for Teachers (OSIT) for measuring teachers' occupational stress. The OSIT scale was validated by the researcher using the method of factor analysis. The research instruments were administered to a randomly selected sample of four hundred and forty four teachers. The findings reveal that teachers differ in the extent to which they experience stress from work-related factors. A very high percentage (67,1 %) of teachers report an above average level of occupational stress. The findings show that there is a negative relationship between extraversion and educational changes. The relationship between neuroticism and time pressures; neuroticism and administrative problems and neuroticism and pupil misbehaviour is positive. The findings also indicate that neuroticism is the best predictor of stress in situations involving time pressures; adrninistrative problems and pupil misbehaviour, whereas extraversion is the best predictor of stress in situations involving educational changes. The last findings show that teachers' sex, qualification and teaching experience have an influence on teachers' perception of time pressures; educational changes; administrative problems and pupil misbehaviour. On the basis of the findings of this study, both curative and preventative strategies were recommended for dealing with occupational stress which is experienced by teachers.