Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-01T18:24:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 larissa_petrusk_santos_silva.pdf: 749219 bytes, checksum: 5561104fa056ab78db0fe753324ac85c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-08-30 / There is a broad discussion concerning the studies that ponder the origin and manifestation of the stuttering. Frequently, the studies face stuttering as a manifestation that happens throughout the body: breathing, genetics, heredity and neurological factors. Nowadays, the better known therapeutical proposals follow the principles of the Experimental and Social Psychology, or of the psychoanalysis, of the phenomenological Philosophy, and, specially, from the neurological and genetic biology. The scholars concern themselves about showing a specific spot in the body of the one who stutters or in the survey of the symptoms. In this research, the discourse analysis from the French school, as defended by Pêcheux will be used as theoretical basis. The discourse analysis has for foundation the discourse as structure and event, while "meaning effect between speakers" and suggests the functioning notion. When analyzing the stuttering through this aspect, we propose giving emphasis to the discursive production of the individual who stutters. When stating such idea, it is believed that the stuttering is seen as linguistic-discursive event directly related to the meanings of production of the speaker. The main objectives in this research will be to analyze the linguistic-discursive characteristics of the stuttering in stuttering individuals participants of stuttering speechlanguage pathologic treatment groups, and identify imaginary and discursive formations in the discourse of individuals who stutter. For the discourse analysis on the individuals who stutter, discursive extracts from taped group therapeutical sessions from the Grupo de Estudo e Atendimento à Gagueira (GEAG) in the UNICAP University. The group is constituted of adult individuals who claim voice stuttering, who after a speech-language analysis, are directed to the therapeutical group and, weekly, are reunited with the therapists. The sessions were recorded in audio, and then they were transcribed and analyzed through the discourse analysis point of view. The analysis are made through discursive sequences, and, after the analysis are done, on them the imaginary formations of the individual about himself (as stuttering individual) and of his companions is unveiled. Concepts such as anticipation, silencing, impossibility discourses are manifested in the discourse of the subjects. In the therapeutical proposal of the group, the subjects are leaded to question and the therapist interprets and questions what was spoken, leading the subject to reflect about his own discourse. The dissertation is concluded determining the discursive space as the stuttering space, which is directly related to the subject's means of production. In such process, the need of the reconception of fluency and hesitancy is identified. Through the analysis, the silencing discursive situations were recognized, which are fluency strategies that reassure the individual as stutterer. / Há uma vasta discussão nos estudos que consideram a manifestação e origem da gagueira. Frequentemente, os estudos tratam a gagueira como uma manifestação que se dá no plano do corpo: respiração, fator genético, hereditário, neurológico. Hoje, as propostas terapêuticas mais conhecidas seguem os princípios da Psicologia Experimental, Social, ou da Psicanálise, da Filosofia fenomenológica e, especialmente, da Biologia (neurologia e genética). Os estudiosos preocupam-se em apontar um local específico no corpo daquele que gagueja ou no levantamento dos sintomas. Nesta pesquisa, utilizaremos como aporte teórico a Análise do Discurso de linha francesa, tal como delineada por Pêcheux. A Análise do Discurso (AD) toma por base o discurso como estrutura e acontecimento, enquanto ―efeito de sentido entre locutores‖ e propõe a noção de funcionamento. Ao analisar a gagueira a partir desse aspecto, propomos dar ênfase à produção discursiva do sujeito que gagueja. Ao afirmarmos assim, acreditamos que a gagueira é vista como acontecimento linguístico discursivo, diretamente relacionado às condições de produção de quem fala. Os objetivos principais desta pesquisa serão analisar as características linguístico-discursivas da gagueira em sujeitos que gaguejam, participantes de terapia fonoaudiológica em grupo, e identificar formações imaginárias e discursivas no discurso de sujeitos com gagueira. Para a análise do discurso dos sujeitos que gaguejam serão utilizados recortes discursivos retirados de transcrições das gravações das sessões terapêuticas em grupo do Grupo de Estudo e Atendimento à Gagueira (GEAG) da UNICAP. O grupo é constituído por sujeitos adultos que apresentam queixa de gagueira na fala, que, após uma triagem fonoaudiológica, são encaminhados para o grupo terapêutico e, semanalmente, reúnemse com as terapeutas. As sessões foram gravadas em áudio, posteriormente transcritas e analisadas à luz da Análise do Discurso. As análises se dão a partir de sequências discursivas, e, após as análises, nelas desvelam-se as formações imaginárias que o sujeito tem de si (como sujeito que gagueja) e de seus interlocutores. São conceitos como de antecipação, silenciamento, discurso de impossibilidade que se apresentam nos discurso desses sujeitos. Na proposta terapêutica do grupo, os sujeitos são levados a questionar e o terapeuta interpreta e põe em questão o que foi dito pelo sujeito, levandoo a fazer reflexões sobre o próprio discurso. Conclui-se a dissertação, determinando o espaço discursivo como o lugar da gagueira, diretamente relacionado às condições de produção do sujeito. Nesse processo, vê-se a necessidade da ressignificação da concepção de fluência e disfluência. Através das análises, reconhecemos as situações discursivas de silenciamento, estratégias de fluência que reafirmam o sujeito como sujeito-gago.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-01T18:25:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 claudemir_santos_silva.pdf: 1655232 bytes, checksum: 812e86eb1526cfd1d70fa922eff8e42b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-01-19 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Knowing that subject and language constitute intrinsically, this dissertation takes a position to circumscribe the discourse as genesis and place of emergence and continuity of stuttering, under the peculiar form of interlocution effect and senses, showing that it is possible to question the Discursive Formation (DF) of stuttering and take a new form-subject in DF fluency. Thus, its general objective is to analyze the change in position in the discursive formation of stuttering subjects participating in the Study and Attention to Stuttering Group (GEAG). As specific objectives: a) to identify the process of changing position in the discursive and ideological formations of the subjects; b) to identify the discursive memory and interdiscourse in discursive practices; c) to investigate the therapeutic strategies that generate fluency, stuttering or silencing effect in the discourse of stutterers. In this sense, within the therapeutic proposal of the group, subjects are motivated to question, and language therapists interpret and call into question what has been said by the subjects, leading them to make reflections on their own discourses. To this end, we are interested in working with Discourse Analysis (DA), founded by Michel Pêcheux, in France, and discussed in Brazil by authors such as Eni Orlandi and followers. Thus, the AD functioned both as support theory to analyze the speech of individuals with stuttering, and analytical procedure that will become the basis for their therapeutic process. Thereat, we convened discursive excerpts by three participants and analyzed them based on the analysis procedures suggested by the same theory. So, we conclude the work, noticing the change in position in the subjects discourse and determining the discursive space as the place of stuttering problem which is entrenched to the production conditions of those participating in the discursive functioning. Through the analyses, we also recognized that the therapy group is a reframing place for the subjects' discourse and, respectively, of their fluency and stuttering conceptions. / Sabendo que sujeito e linguagem constituem-se intrinsecamente, a presente dissertação assume uma posição de circunscrever o discurso como gênese e sítio de surgimento e continuidade da gagueira, sob a forma peculiar de efeito de interlocução e sentidos, mostrando que é possível questionar a Formação Discursiva (FD) da gagueira e assumir uma nova forma-sujeito na FD da fluência. Desse modo, busca, como objetivo geral, analisar a mudança de posição na formação discursiva de sujeitos com gagueira participantes do Grupo de Estudos e Atendimento à Gagueira (GEAG). Como objetivos específicos: a) identificar o processo de mudança de posição nas formações discursivas e ideológicas dos sujeitos; b) identificar a memória discursiva e o interdiscurso nas práticas discursivas; c) investigar as estratégias terapêuticas que geram efeito de fluência, gagueira ou silenciamento no discurso dos sujeitos gagos. Nesse sentido, na proposta terapêutica do grupo, os sujeitos são levados a questionar, e os terapeutas da linguagem interpretam e põem em questão o que foi dito pelos sujeitos, levando-os a fazerem reflexões sobre o próprio discurso. Para tanto, interessa-nos trabalhar com a Análise do Discurso (AD), fundada por Michel Pêcheux, na França, e discutida no Brasil por autores como Eni Orlandi e seguidores. Dessa forma, a AD funcionará como teoria de sustentação para analisar o discurso dos sujeitos com gagueira, assim como procedimento analítico que comporá a base do processo terapêutico deles. Com isso, constituímos recortes discursivos dos discursos de três participantes e os analisamos a partir dos procedimentos de análise da mesma teoria. Assim sendo, concluímos o trabalho, constatando a mudança de posição no discurso dos sujeitos investigados e determinando o espaço discursivo como o lugar da gagueira, problema esse arraigado às condições de produção daqueles que participam do funcionamento discursivo. Através das análises, também pudemos reconhecer que o grupo de terapia é um lugar de ressignificação dos discursos dos sujeitos e, respectivamente, de suas concepções de fluência e gagueira.

There is a rich literature demonstrating that adults who stutter (AWS) demonstrate atypical functional brain activity during speech production. These differences can be characterized by increased activity in the right inferior frontal gyrus and premotor regions and decreased activity in the left inferior frontal gyrus, premotor area, and bilaterally in the superior temporal gyrus. The process of speech production requires motor movements first be planned and then executed. However, few studies have examined activity related to speech-motor planning independently from speech-motor execution. Additionally, due to methodological limitations, few investigations have examined functional brain activity in children who stutter (CWS). We hypothesized that AWS and CWS would demonstrate atypical brain activity related to both speech-motor planning and execution. Using Near Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS), we measured the change in oxygenated hemoglobin concentration (HbO) during speech-motor planning (repetition of nonwords with three repeated or different syllables) and speech-motor execution (covert/overt naming). Results indicated that both AWS and CWS demonstrated cortical activity that was atypical during speech-motor planning processes in the right inferior frontal gyrus and atypical speech-motor execution processes in the left inferior frontal gyrus. Deactivations in the left inferior frontal gyrus may reflect inefficient feedforward mechanisms for speech production. Inefficient feedforward mechanisms will likely result in more variable movements, for which larger feedback correction signals will be necessary. Overactivations in the right inferior frontal gyrus may reflect this increased correction. Additionally, AWS demonstrated atypical speech-motor planning activity in the right middle frontal gyrus, potentially related to the production of prosody. These results are presented within a theoretical framework of two competing theories of stuttering.

The present study trained three adult male stutterers to increase speech fluency using relaxed breathing and a-x; biofeedback. A one group time-series design with 2 treatments was used. After an initial baseline phase (A) all 3 subjects received a relaxed breathing procedure (B), followed by a combined procedure featuring relaxed breathing and EMG biofeedback (BC). Results indicated that after 8 sessions stuttering was reduced by 19.1% from baseline levels across the 3 subjects. Despite these promising results , however, methodological questions in the baseline phase make conclusions regarding a clear relationship between the variables tentative.

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Investigations into the speech of normal children have indicated that disfluencies are common. It is important for the Speech Language Pathologist to have knowledge of normal disfluencies for differential diagnosis, parent counseling, and in order to plan strategies for intervention. The purpose of this study was to compare the frequency of disfluencies in 4 year old and 6 year old normal male children to the frequency of disfluencies when they were 3 years old and 5 years old respectively.

The use of so many different therapeutic approaches to stuttering raises frequent questions about methodology and treatment. Confidence in a methodology and treatment approach depends upon follow-up research conducted with systemic analysis of the individuals prior to treatment and following treatment. The purpose of this study was to conduct a follow-up evaluation on R.L. Casteel's Four Stage Stuttering Program at Portland State University and to examine the degree of maintained fluency in relation to entering baseline, time in program, and exit stage.

Several studies have been undertaken to determine the incidence of recovery from stuttering; however, the results of these investigations are not reliable due to methodological limitations. For the most part, ex-post-facto recall judgements on the parts of adults or parents of young children were relied upon in gathering data for the research. It would appear that a requisite factor in determining incidence of recovery from stuttering should be the use of a formal instrument which would quantify the auditory and visual aspects of speaking behavior to determine the presence or absence of stuttering. The primary purpose of this study was to determine the incidence of recovery from stuttering in a sample of children who had received treatment for stuttering and had subsequently been dismissed from treatment. Also examined was whether or not significant differences existed between the speaking performances of these subjects and a sample of control subjects of the same sex, grade level, and approximate academic ability. To control for experimental bias, a double-blind design was utilized. A secondary part of this study examined the possible effects of the former treatment received by the experimental subjects on the recovery from stuttering.

No description available.