• Neueinspielung der RVK in den SWB • Einspielung von DDC-Notationen aus WorldCat • Neuerungen im SWB-OPAC

Wellbeing may be the most important feeling able to experience by a person. The research concerning wellbeing has traditionally been focused on psychological wellbeing, yet how wellbeing of populations can be estimated and compared remains unclear. This study proposes a method of measuring wellbeing by keeping to the essence of it as being a subjective feeling. It adopts the rather common term of subjective wellbeing (SWB) and identifies two important aspects of SWB; happiness and life satisfaction. These aspects of life are part of the questionnaires used in many multinational survey studies, including the World Value Survey (WVS). With data from these surveys, SWB can be compared between populations based on subjective survey answers from individuals. The paper tests this approach by using results of the WVS and performing a statistical analysis comparing SWB between cultures. Evaluation of the results leads to the conclusion that, by means of happiness and life satisfaction, a not complete, but at least reasonable operational measurement of SWB is obtained.

The southern region of Mozambique is characterized by arid to semi-arid climatic conditions with soils of poor fertility and low water retention capacity. The rainfall season is from September to April. In some areas, the rain season accommodates two production cycles, which is augmented by extended or unexpected rains in May and June. Maize is the main crop in this region. The major limiting factors for maize production in the Chókwè District under rainfed agriculture are rainfall amount and its distribution and soil fertility. Water productivity in this region is very low. The Challenge Program on Water and Food (CPWF), for which the slogan was “more crop per drop”, has attempted to identify and address water productivity constraints throughout the Limpopo River Basin (LRB). This study considers the water productivity in dryland areas, assuming that yields may not be only limited by water, but also by soil fertility. The study was aimed at investigating the improvement of water productivity by correcting nutrient deficiencies and recommending strategies to mitigate these deficiencies. A field experiment was conducted at Chókwè Agrarian Research Centre with maize cultivar (cv. Matuba). Matuba was selected because of its high tolerance to drought. Treatments were based on the most limiting soil nutrients at the experimental site. Crop parameters measured included total dry matter, fractional interception of photosynthetically active radiation (FIPAR), leaf area and grain yield. In addition, the Soil Water Balance (SWB) model was used to simulate potential yields with no nutrient limitations. Results of this study illustrated that the application of N resulted in improvements in total dry matter yield, leaf area index (LAI), FIPAR and water use efficiency (WUE). Application of both N and P improved the grain yield, leaf area duration (LAD) and WUE. SWB model simulations indicate that in only 1 out of 5 years in Chókwè District, the simulated yields were not higher compared to actual yields (0.2 - 1 ton ha-1). In conclusion, grain yield improvements are expected if nutrition is kept at optimum levels. This implies that in most years dryland yields are in fact nutrient limited and better nutrition can be used as a strategy to improve water productivity (WP) and grain yield / Dissertation (MSc Agric)--University of Pretoria, 2011. / gm2014 / Plant Production and Soil Science / unrestricted

This thesis is focused on positive affect in the workplace, with a particular emphasis on the UK public sector. Three samples of data were taken from 433 respondents across nine participating organizations with the aim of identifying those who rate themselves as happy and upbeat and whom others are noticing in this regard. Thus, the thesis goes beyond the analysis of those who are self-nominated as happy, seeking those who are flourishing (denoted throughout as Happy Plus or H+ ) which, for the purposes of this thesis, are categorised as employees whose positive affect is contagious. The data identified 45 H+ respondents, ascertaining that their happiness has a degree of longevity that is in line with eudaimonic sources and that the state of flourishing is unlikely to be accidental. The flourishing respondents were measured on 16 workplace emotions and compared against a group of 388 non-flourishing work colleagues. The H+ respondents recorded higher scores in all 4 emotions associated with employee engagement (enthusiastic, joyful, inspired & excited) and employee satisfaction (calm, relaxed, laid back & at ease) while the NonH+ group scored higher in emotions associated with stress (nervous, anxious, tense & worried) and depression (dejected, despondent, hopeless & depressed). Independent samples t-tests (using the Bonferroni correction) suggest these differences are statistically significant in 13 of the 16 affects measured. This is salient in that the more vigorous sense of employee engagement tends to result in pro-social behaviours that are correlated with bottom-line performance. The thesis then sought to discover the means by which the H+ respondents achieve and maintain their flourishing status. Following Lyubomirsky s (2007) contention that if an individual s genes and circumstances are fixed (in the immediacy of here and now) then it is the 40% of one s intentional strategies that will differentiate the flourishing from their non-flourishing colleagues. Thus, the H+ and NonH+ groups were compared on a raft of seventeen within-person strategies. The flourishing group rate choosing to be positive as their biggest single strategy, with the corollary that attitudinal choice requires both awareness and effort. It is postulated that engaged employees are attitude maximizers rather than satisficers , in that they are less likely to make do with ambivalent attitudes, striving to be as positive as they are able. Flourishing employees are also significantly more likely to set goals, play to their strengths, have positive internal dialogue, reframe negative events and consume less news. They indulge in what is termed life-crafting in which they alter their thoughts and circumstances to maximise their likelihood of remaining happy. The thesis concludes with a series of recommendations, focusing on co-creation , the idea that happiness emerges as a collective and cooperative endeavour that requires both favourable working conditions and individual effort. As such, recommendations are aimed at how organizations can learn from the findings to implement structures and policies that are best placed to facilitate flourishing cultures. There is a further set of recommendations alluding to what individuals can do to raise their own happiness levels. As such, it is argued that organizational culture change is not simply a matter of instigating top-down or bottom-up remedies, but rather eliciting change that emanates from inside-out.

In the last fifteen years, the Brazilian government has implemented educational policies intended to expand access to higher education for students from disadvantaged socioeconomic backgrounds. At the same time, research has observed the increase in the demand for international mobility of students from middle and upper classes. This PhD thesis aimed to understand the e↵ect of international mobility among Brazilian undergraduate students on educational inequality by examining the Science Without Borders (SWB) programme. This programme was established in July 2011 by the Brazilian Federal Government with the aim to promote the expansion and the internationalisation of science and technology, and increase Brazilian competitiveness through international exchange and mobility. The programme distributed 101,000 scholarships between 2011 and 2015 for undergraduate and graduate Brazilian students to study in a foreign university. The thesis draws on research on educational inequalities and international mobility. The research on education inequalities showed that in many developed countries, after the expansion of education, students from privileged socioeconomic backgrounds seek to maintain their education advantage through distinctive educational trajectories. The international mobility research also indicated that students from more advantageous socioeconomic backgrounds are more likely to pursue international mobility as a strategy for maintaining their privilege. However, international mobility programmes that o↵er financial bursary attract students from lower socioeconomic backgrounds as well. Hence, this research examined whether international mobility programmes which o↵er scholarships may operate as a mechanism for opening up opportunities in the education system. The dataset used for the study was created thanks to the collaboration of three di↵erent intuitions: the two funding bodies of the SWB programme and the National Institute for Educational Studies and Research (INEP). The negotiations to access the data lasted around a year and a half, and was only agreed after the anonymity of the students were guaranteed. INEP merged data from the High School National Exam (ENEM) datasets with the information provided by the two funding bodies to identify students who attended the SWB programme between 2011 and 2014. Probit regression models were used to examine the association between students’ socioeconomic backgrounds and the likelihood of participating in the SWB programme. The models showed that students with parents with higher levels of education and higher income were more likely to receive a SWB scholarship. In other words, there was inequality in access to the programme. Therefore, the financial bursary o↵ered by the Brazilian government did not eliminate the e↵ect of students’ socioeconomic characteristics on access to this programme. Multilevel models were used to analyse the association between students’ socioeconomic background and prestige of the foreign university attended. The models demonstrated that there was also inequality within the SWB programme: students from more advantageous socioeconomic background tended to study in more prestigious universities. These results corroborate the results from the international mobility literature and suggest that students from privileged socioeconomic backgrounds might pursue international mobility to maintain educational advantages. These results have important implications for educational policies in Brazil. In addition to the e↵ort to expand access to higher education, the government should also assure that inequalities are not being transferred to other areas, such as in the case of international mobility.

• Neueinspielung der RVK in den SWB • Einspielung von DDC-Notationen aus WorldCat • Neuerungen im SWB-OPAC

The master thesis seeks to analyze discursive representations of happiness present in the Czech Republic. Analytical conceptualization of happiness is based upon the two prominent views on happiness - hedonism and eudaimonism. Hedonic perspective situates the issue of achieving happiness into the context of pleasure seeking activities while eudaimonic perspective relates happiness to concepts such as self-actualization, fulfilment of one's potential, and similar topics broadly connected to personal growth and search for meaning. Concepts of hedonism and eudaimonism help to reduce the abstract nature of happiness. The thesis identifies three types of discursive representations of happiness - neoliberal, spiritual / religious, and pop-psychological representations. Particular representations define happiness differently. However, there are similarities and interdependencies in the aspects of how the hedonism and eudaimonism are being used. Thus, there are interactions between particular representations. Eudaimonism is more dominant in every representation in the sense of general claim that true (longlasting) happiness is never taken-for-granted, and that it must be cultivated. Representations that lean heavily towards eudaimonism were also associated with stronger normative dimension that might serve to...

The environmental impact and sustainability of irrigation with coal-mine water was investigated from an agricultural point of view on different coal-mines in the Republic of South Africa. Field trials were carried out on a commercial and plot scale, on sites that could offer a range of soil, crop, weather conditions and water qualities such as gypsiferous, sodium sulphate and sodium bicarbonate waters. Crop production under irrigation with gypsiferous mine water is feasible on a field scale and sustainable if properly managed. No symptoms of foliar injury due to centre pivot sprinkler irrigation with gypsiferous water were observed. The presence of high Ca and Mg in the water suppressed plant uptake of K. This could be corrected by regular application of K containing fertilizers. The bigger problem experienced was waterlogging due to poor site selection, especially during the summer months. The problem is not related to the chemistry of the gypsiferous water used for irrigation. Pasture production with Na2SO4 rich mine effluent was also feasible, at least in the short term, but would need a well-drained profile and large leaching fraction to prevent salt build up. Forage quality was not affected by the Na2SO4 water used. NaHCO3 water was of very poor quality for irrigation and is not recommended for irrigation. Salt tolerant crops that are not susceptible to leaf scorching can be produced with this water, but only with very high leaching fractions and careful crop management. Regular gypsum application will be required to prevent structural collapse of the soil. Most of the salts applied will leach from the soil profile, and will probably need to be intercepted for treatment or reuse. The Soil Water Balance (SWB) model was validated successfully. The model predicted crop growth, soil water deficit to field capacity and soil chemistry reasonably well, with simulated results quite close to measured values. Soluble salts have to be leached from the soil profile, so that crop production can be sustainable, but will externalize the problem to the receiving water environment. To assess the environmental impact of irrigation with coal-mine water, it is valuable to develop a tool that can assist with prediction of offsite effects. SWB was validated for runoff quantity and quality estimations, and was found to give reasonable estimates of runoff quantity and quality. SWB also predicted the soil water and salt balance reasonably well. This gives one confidence in the ability of the model to simulate the soil water and salt balance for long-term scenarios and link the output of SWB to ground and surface water models to predict the wider impact of large scale irrigation. This will also link the findings of this work to other research oriented towards the management of mine water and salt balances on a catchment scale. It will also help authorities make informed decisions about the desirability and consequences of permitting mine water irrigation on a large scale. Irrigation with gypsiferous mine water can be part of finding the solution to surplus mine water problems. Appropriate irrigation management of mine water is essential for the long-term sustainability of irrigation. / Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2009. / Plant Production and Soil Science / unrestricted

O presente trabalho, inserido em uma proposta interdisciplinar de pesquisa entre sistemas complexos e políticas públicas, teve como intuito prover subsídios para a avaliação do programa Ciência sem Fronteiras (CsF), especialmente no contexto de políticas públicas de internacionalização e de Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação (CT&I). O programa visa promover a consolidação, expansão e internacionalização da ciência e tecnologia, da inovação e da competitividade brasileira por meio do intercâmbio e da mobilidade internacional. A pesquisa examinou o ciclo de formulação, implementação e avaliação do programa para investigar se o investimento em mobilidade acadêmica internacional pode ser um mecanismo efetivo para fomentar a colaboração científica internacional. Inicialmente, foi entendido que o Brasil possui dois problemas fundamentais no campo de CT&I: i) déficit na formação de recursos humanos qualificados; e ii) baixa inserção científica e tecnológica no cenário internacional. Visto o problema, a formulação do CsF insere-se como parte da solução dentro de uma agenda estratégica nacional elaborada pelo Ministério de Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação. Após quatro anos de implementação, em 2015 o programa atingiu a meta de conceder 101 mil bolsas de intercâmbio acadêmico, mas extrapolou em mais de três vezes o orçamento previsto. Entretanto, teve um efeito positivo para o aumento da oferta de bolsas no exterior em todas as áreas (inclusive as não contempladas pelo programa) e não interferiu nos recursos financeiros das bolsas de formação no país. Com o uso de dados bibliométricos, foram encontrados indícios de que o programa foi capaz de estimular e manter a colaboração internacional entre pesquisadores. Todavia, ainda não é possível afirmar se os efeitos são significativos ou não, por isso se faz necessário avaliações futuras sobre a influência do programa nas mais diversas disciplinas científicas e nas respectivas redes de coautorias, além de estudos sobre outras questões que derivam do trabalho. Devido a dificuldades específicas com coleta e uso de dados durante o processo avaliativo, o trabalho recomenda: i) que bancas de especialistas compilem grupos de palavras-chave que caracterizem as áreas científicas; ii) que dados sobre o Ciência sem Fronteiras disponíveis para visualização sejam também disponíveis para download; e iii) que a Plataforma Lattes inclua no currículo dos pesquisadores a opção de registro sobre o programa de bolsas a que foram vinculados. Por fim, o trabalho ressalta o entendimento de que o programa Ciência sem Fronteiras foi positivo no sentido de aumentar a visibilidade internacional da educação superior brasileira e inseriu as universidades e outras instituições brasileiras em programas de cooperação internacional no campo da pesquisa. Neste sentido, recomenda-se que o Brasil deve envidar esforços para manter uma política pública de mobilidade acadêmica internacional, mesmo que em dimensões menores e de maneira reformulada / This work, as part of an interdisciplinary proposal of research between complex systems and public policies, intends to provide subsidies for the evaluation of the Brazil Science without Borders (SwB) program, especially in the context of Science, Technology and Innovation (ST&I) and internationalization public policies. The program sought to promote the consolidation, expansion and internationalization of Brazilian science and technology, innovation and competitiveness through exchange and international mobility. The research examined the program\'s formulation, implementation and evaluation cycle to investigate whether investment in international academic mobility could be an effective mechanism to foster international scientific collaboration. Firstly, Brazil has two fundamental problems in the field of ST&I: i) deficits in the formation of qualified human resources; and ii) low scientific and technological insertion in the international scenario. Given these problems, the creation of the SwB was part of a solution within a national strategic agenda of improving Brazils standing within the fields of ST&I. From its inception to its conclusion four years later, the program achieved the goal of granting 101,000 exchange scholarships, but went three times over budget. However, SwB had a positive effect by increasing overseas scholarship offerings in all areas (even those not explicitly covered by the program) and did not interfere with the financial resources of the scholarship grants in the country. The use of bibliometric data has shown that the program was able to stimulate and maintain international collaboration among researchers. However, it is not yet possible to state whether the effects are significant or not, so it is necessary to evaluate the influence of the program in different scientific disciplines and in their respective co-authorship networks, as well as other issues derived from the work. Because of specific difficulties in collecting and using data during the evaluation process, this dissertation recommends: i) that expert panels compile groups of keywords that characterize the scientific disciplines; ii) that data on Science without Borders available for visualization also become available for download; and iii) that the Lattes Platform includes in the researchers\' curriculum the option of registering the scholarship program they were linked to. Finally, the paper acknowledges that the Science without Borders program improved the international visibility of Brazils higher education and inserted universities and other Brazilian institutions into international research cooperation programs. In this sense, the author recommends that Brazil should make efforts to maintain such a public policy of international academic mobility, even in a reduced or reformed format

O presente trabalho, inserido em uma proposta interdisciplinar de pesquisa entre sistemas complexos e políticas públicas, teve como intuito prover subsídios para a avaliação do programa Ciência sem Fronteiras (CsF), especialmente no contexto de políticas públicas de internacionalização e de Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação (CT&I). O programa visa promover a consolidação, expansão e internacionalização da ciência e tecnologia, da inovação e da competitividade brasileira por meio do intercâmbio e da mobilidade internacional. A pesquisa examinou o ciclo de formulação, implementação e avaliação do programa para investigar se o investimento em mobilidade acadêmica internacional pode ser um mecanismo efetivo para fomentar a colaboração científica internacional. Inicialmente, foi entendido que o Brasil possui dois problemas fundamentais no campo de CT&I: i) déficit na formação de recursos humanos qualificados; e ii) baixa inserção científica e tecnológica no cenário internacional. Visto o problema, a formulação do CsF insere-se como parte da solução dentro de uma agenda estratégica nacional elaborada pelo Ministério de Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação. Após quatro anos de implementação, em 2015 o programa atingiu a meta de conceder 101 mil bolsas de intercâmbio acadêmico, mas extrapolou em mais de três vezes o orçamento previsto. Entretanto, teve um efeito positivo para o aumento da oferta de bolsas no exterior em todas as áreas (inclusive as não contempladas pelo programa) e não interferiu nos recursos financeiros das bolsas de formação no país. Com o uso de dados bibliométricos, foram encontrados indícios de que o programa foi capaz de estimular e manter a colaboração internacional entre pesquisadores. Todavia, ainda não é possível afirmar se os efeitos são significativos ou não, por isso se faz necessário avaliações futuras sobre a influência do programa nas mais diversas disciplinas científicas e nas respectivas redes de coautorias, além de estudos sobre outras questões que derivam do trabalho. Devido a dificuldades específicas com coleta e uso de dados durante o processo avaliativo, o trabalho recomenda: i) que bancas de especialistas compilem grupos de palavras-chave que caracterizem as áreas científicas; ii) que dados sobre o Ciência sem Fronteiras disponíveis para visualização sejam também disponíveis para download; e iii) que a Plataforma Lattes inclua no currículo dos pesquisadores a opção de registro sobre o programa de bolsas a que foram vinculados. Por fim, o trabalho ressalta o entendimento de que o programa Ciência sem Fronteiras foi positivo no sentido de aumentar a visibilidade internacional da educação superior brasileira e inseriu as universidades e outras instituições brasileiras em programas de cooperação internacional no campo da pesquisa. Neste sentido, recomenda-se que o Brasil deve envidar esforços para manter uma política pública de mobilidade acadêmica internacional, mesmo que em dimensões menores e de maneira reformulada / This work, as part of an interdisciplinary proposal of research between complex systems and public policies, intends to provide subsidies for the evaluation of the Brazil Science without Borders (SwB) program, especially in the context of Science, Technology and Innovation (ST&I) and internationalization public policies. The program sought to promote the consolidation, expansion and internationalization of Brazilian science and technology, innovation and competitiveness through exchange and international mobility. The research examined the program\'s formulation, implementation and evaluation cycle to investigate whether investment in international academic mobility could be an effective mechanism to foster international scientific collaboration. Firstly, Brazil has two fundamental problems in the field of ST&I: i) deficits in the formation of qualified human resources; and ii) low scientific and technological insertion in the international scenario. Given these problems, the creation of the SwB was part of a solution within a national strategic agenda of improving Brazils standing within the fields of ST&I. From its inception to its conclusion four years later, the program achieved the goal of granting 101,000 exchange scholarships, but went three times over budget. However, SwB had a positive effect by increasing overseas scholarship offerings in all areas (even those not explicitly covered by the program) and did not interfere with the financial resources of the scholarship grants in the country. The use of bibliometric data has shown that the program was able to stimulate and maintain international collaboration among researchers. However, it is not yet possible to state whether the effects are significant or not, so it is necessary to evaluate the influence of the program in different scientific disciplines and in their respective co-authorship networks, as well as other issues derived from the work. Because of specific difficulties in collecting and using data during the evaluation process, this dissertation recommends: i) that expert panels compile groups of keywords that characterize the scientific disciplines; ii) that data on Science without Borders available for visualization also become available for download; and iii) that the Lattes Platform includes in the researchers\' curriculum the option of registering the scholarship program they were linked to. Finally, the paper acknowledges that the Science without Borders program improved the international visibility of Brazils higher education and inserted universities and other Brazilian institutions into international research cooperation programs. In this sense, the author recommends that Brazil should make efforts to maintain such a public policy of international academic mobility, even in a reduced or reformed format