En styrelses uppgifter är avgörande för verksamheten, där beslutstagande och effektivitet blir allt viktigare med tiden. Som hjälpmedel för styrelser finns exekutiva affärssystem genom SaaS- tjänster som erbjuder digitala verktyg för styrelsen att effektivisera sitt arbete. Implementering av sådana system har däremot av tidigare forskning noterats riskfylld och problematisk, vilket givit upphov till forskning om kritiska framgångsfaktorer för implementeringen av SaaS- tjänster.

Complex user-end procedures for the execution of computationally expensive processes and tools on high performance computing platforms can hinder the scientific progress of researchers across many domains. In addition, such processes occasionally cannot be executed on user-end platforms either due to insufficient hardware resources or unacceptably long computing times. Such circumstances currently extend to highly sophisticated algorithms and tools utilized for analysis of fluorescent imaging data. Although an extensive collection of cloud-computing solutions exist allowing software developers to resolve these issues, such solutions often abstract both developers and integrators from the executing hardware particulars and can inadvertently incentivize non-ideal software design practices. The discussion herein consists of the theoretical design and real-world realization of an efficient architecture to enable direct multi-user parallel remote utilization of such research tools. Said networked scalable real-time architecture is multi-tier, extensible by design to a vast collection of application archetypes, and is not strictly limited to imaging analysis applications. Transport layer interfaces for packetized binary data transmission, asynchronous command issuance mechanisms, compression and decompression algorithm aggregation, and relational database management systems for inter-tier communication intermediation enable a robust, lightweight, and efficient architecture for networking and remotely interfacing with fluorescent imaging analysis processes. / M.S. / Collaboration amongst researchers within various technical domains who rely on information processing and analysis tools can be strengthened through the deployment of scientific computing infrastructure that enables their usage via a web interface. The architecture of such infrastructure is preferably efficient, lightweight, and simple while retaining potential future integration capabilities with additional research tools. This work presents the theoretical design and realization of an architecture for networking fluorescent imaging analysis processes so as to make them remotely usable within internal computer networks and across the world wide web.

A adoção de Software como Serviço (do inglês, Software as a Service ou simplesmente SaaS) está em expansão em todo o mundo, alavancada pelas muitas vantagens que esse modelo de distribuição de software oferece tanto para os provedores desses serviços quanto para seus clientes. Em SaaS, o provedor do serviço também é responsável pelo seu desenvolvimento e execução, o que permite a esses provedores fazerem escolhas sobre a arquitetura de seus sistemas visando diminuir a complexidade e os custos relacionados ao seu desenvolvimento e operação. Nesse contexto, um padrão de arquitetura freqüentemente utilizado é o Multitenant, que torna uma mesma instância do software capaz de servir a múltiplos clientes (tenants) simultaneamente. No entanto, sistemas que utilizam Multitenancy enfrentam uma série de desafios, principalmente no que se refere à flexibilidade em atender os requisitos específicos de cada cliente na customização de processos, de fluxos e regras de negócio, e de interfaces com o usuário. Especificamente no problema de customização de interfaces, embora existam trabalhos na literatura relacionados à customização de interfaces Web, e existam implementações de mercado de mecanismos para possibilitar essas customizações, esses trabalhos e mecanismos ou não são projetados especificamente para sistemas Multitenant ou, quando são, não têm sua arquitetura publicada e seu código fonte disponíveis para serem reutilizados. Assim, esta pesquisa investigou uma alternativa para a customização de interfaces Web no contexto de Software como Serviço Multitenant. Como resultado, foi inicialmente definido e implementado um mecanismo não intrusivo para o desenvolvimento de aplicações Multitenant chamado DORMT (Domain-Based Shared-Database Multitenancy), sobre o qual foi possível construir um mecanismo para a customização de interfaces Web, chamado MHT (Multitenant Hierarchical Themes), baseado no padrão MVC (Model-View-Controller ) e nos conceito de temas e de hierarquias / The adoption of Software as a Service (SaaS) is growing worldwide, driven by the many advantages that this software distribution model offers to both service providers and their clients. In SaaS, the service provider is also responsible for the development and the execution of the software, enabling that choices be made in terms of system architecture in order to reduce the complexity and costs related to its development and operation. However, Multitenant systems face a number of challenges, mainly related to flexibility in meeting specific customer requirements in customizing the system processes, flows, business rules and user interfaces. Specifically on the problem of user interface customization, although there are studies in the literature and products on the market that implement mechanism to allow such customizations, these studies and mechanism are not specific to Multitenant systems or the mechanism architecture and source code is not available to be reused. Thus, this study investigated alternatives for Web interfaces customization in the context of Multitenant Software as a Service. As a result, a non intrusive mechanism, called DORMT (Domain-Based Shared-Database Multitenancy), was defined and implemented to allow the development of Multitenant applications, on top of which a mechanism for Web interfaces customization, called MHT (Multitenant Hierarchical themes), based on the MVC pattern, on the concepts of themes and of hierarchies, was built

A adoção de Software como Serviço (do inglês, Software as a Service ou simplesmente SaaS) está em expansão em todo o mundo, alavancada pelas muitas vantagens que esse modelo de distribuição de software oferece tanto para os provedores desses serviços quanto para seus clientes. Em SaaS, o provedor do serviço também é responsável pelo seu desenvolvimento e execução, o que permite a esses provedores fazerem escolhas sobre a arquitetura de seus sistemas visando diminuir a complexidade e os custos relacionados ao seu desenvolvimento e operação. Nesse contexto, um padrão de arquitetura freqüentemente utilizado é o Multitenant, que torna uma mesma instância do software capaz de servir a múltiplos clientes (tenants) simultaneamente. No entanto, sistemas que utilizam Multitenancy enfrentam uma série de desafios, principalmente no que se refere à flexibilidade em atender os requisitos específicos de cada cliente na customização de processos, de fluxos e regras de negócio, e de interfaces com o usuário. Especificamente no problema de customização de interfaces, embora existam trabalhos na literatura relacionados à customização de interfaces Web, e existam implementações de mercado de mecanismos para possibilitar essas customizações, esses trabalhos e mecanismos ou não são projetados especificamente para sistemas Multitenant ou, quando são, não têm sua arquitetura publicada e seu código fonte disponíveis para serem reutilizados. Assim, esta pesquisa investigou uma alternativa para a customização de interfaces Web no contexto de Software como Serviço Multitenant. Como resultado, foi inicialmente definido e implementado um mecanismo não intrusivo para o desenvolvimento de aplicações Multitenant chamado DORMT (Domain-Based Shared-Database Multitenancy), sobre o qual foi possível construir um mecanismo para a customização de interfaces Web, chamado MHT (Multitenant Hierarchical Themes), baseado no padrão MVC (Model-View-Controller ) e nos conceito de temas e de hierarquias / The adoption of Software as a Service (SaaS) is growing worldwide, driven by the many advantages that this software distribution model offers to both service providers and their clients. In SaaS, the service provider is also responsible for the development and the execution of the software, enabling that choices be made in terms of system architecture in order to reduce the complexity and costs related to its development and operation. However, Multitenant systems face a number of challenges, mainly related to flexibility in meeting specific customer requirements in customizing the system processes, flows, business rules and user interfaces. Specifically on the problem of user interface customization, although there are studies in the literature and products on the market that implement mechanism to allow such customizations, these studies and mechanism are not specific to Multitenant systems or the mechanism architecture and source code is not available to be reused. Thus, this study investigated alternatives for Web interfaces customization in the context of Multitenant Software as a Service. As a result, a non intrusive mechanism, called DORMT (Domain-Based Shared-Database Multitenancy), was defined and implemented to allow the development of Multitenant applications, on top of which a mechanism for Web interfaces customization, called MHT (Multitenant Hierarchical themes), based on the MVC pattern, on the concepts of themes and of hierarchies, was built

This diploma thesis deals with information systems for Customer Relationship Management (CRM) and its combination with one of the main recent information technology trends -- Cloud Computing. CRM systems represent fundamental company software. Thanks to Cloud Computing ideas CRM is available now via communication networks as a service with all its relevant benefits and risks. The goal of this thesis is to evaluate CRM provided as a software service, to compare a traditional deployment of CRM as on-premise software with Software-as-a-Service (SaaS), to identify its advantages and disadvantages and finally to offer answers and evaluation of the main Cloud CRM risks. The first part describes CRM background and Cloud Computing principles. The second part compares on-premise and SaaS deployments and evaluates its benefits and risks including a detail cost analysis. The last part deals with Cloud CRM integration possibilities and practical implementation experience including a case study. This thesis offers the answers to bridge the gap between the theoretical and the practical Cloud CRM experience as the main benefit.

Scholarly reviews expound that current prevailing on-premise Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems could not be sufficient for enterprises to form highly dynamic units around vibrant requirements of the market. In response to satisfying ever-changing demands of the market, cloud computing has been recently emerged which its basic promise is convergence of IT efficiency and business agility in information technology. Software-as-a-Service (SaaS) is the most common type of cloud service which has been heralded to be a serious alternative for on-premise software. Considering shortages of current on-premise ERPs and high potentiality of SaaS to be as an alternative for on-premise software, this study seeks to empirically understand real advantages and disadvantages of adopting ERP systems served as SaaS from the perspective of SaaS users. "Real advantages and disadvantages" in this study are the ones which are not only certified through literature but also through empirical data. Grounded in literature review and personal communication with two Information Systems (IS) professionals, 19 items were considered as advantages and 12 items as disadvantages of ERP as SaaS adoption categorized in three groups of strategic, financial, and technical. Survey data of 90 responses were collected and analyzed out of 212 contacts with industry experts in different types of business and sizes of the enterprise in Sweden through nonprobability sampling. By application of Non-parametric test, our data analysis revealed that users of ERP as SaaS believed in five real advantages in adoption of ERP as SaaS while they did not agree with any real disadvantages in such adoption. They accepted that adoption of ERP as SaaS a) helps users to run their business more globally, b) enhances users’ business to go mobile, c) reduces large up-front investment of users on resource provision, d) saves technology costs, and e) helps users not to be concerned about management and maintenance of the ERP as SaaS. Moreover, our final results showed that majority of every enterprise size do not have plan of adopting ERP as SaaS in the future. Based on the findings, detailed discussion will be given about social consequences of the results and underlying reasons which could have impact on recognition of few real advantages and no real disadvantages in this study.

Background/Problem: As languages are powerful tools of communication, they play a vitalrole in shaping our perception of reality, influence our understanding of the world and determine how we interpret and make sense of it. Thus, changing the accounting languagealso affects the way financial reality can be expressed, interpreted, and perceived. However, the interpretive nature of language forms various problems connected to its components. Intangible assets (IAs) have long been an ever-difficult defined concept within the accounting language, leaving room for preparers and users of financial accounting to form individual interpretations of the concept and financial reality. Regulatory changes created to clarify these difficult defined concepts within the accounting language, such as IAs, change the accounting language, and may thus affect the interpretation of the concept as well as financial reality. It is therefore of interest to understand how these interpretations of IAs and financial reality are affected by a regulatory change. Research on this area has been left unexplored to our knowledge. Instead, previous research has been performed on the various components of the area, such as IAs and the accounting language in themselves, but does not appear to have been examined together. Additionally, previous research fails to connect the issue of interpretations with how the interpretations are affected through a regulatory change and ultimately influences our understanding of financial reality. Therefore, this thesis aims to fill this research gap and provide an understanding of how interpretations are made, along with an explanation of how interpretations are affected through accounting language change and how it affects our understanding of financial reality. This is done by examining the effects of a regulatory change on users and preparers’ interpretation of IA. The regulatory change consists of two IFRIC decisions concerning the accounting of SaaS arrangements. Purpose: The purpose of this thesis is to examine how changes in the accounting languagecaused by a regulatory change affects the interpretation of IAs for preparers and users offinancial accounting, which in turn can provide an understanding of how changes in theaccounting language affect the interpretation of financial reality. Method: A qualitative method was used to examine the topic of this thesis. The empirical data were gathered through semi-structured interviews and further analyzed through ethnographic content analysis (ECA). Data were collected from 9 respondents with either programmer, auditor, investor, investment adviser, business adviser, or preparer of financial accounting as an organizational role. Main results: Users and preparers make general interpretations in different manners, interpretations concerning financial reality. Preparers who work closely with accounting regulation base their interpretations on the regulatory pillar as the institutional logics of the corresponding profession guide their decisions and actions. While users that work further from the accounting regulation do not share the institutional logics of the preparers, insteadbase their interpretations on the cultural-cognitive pillar. These differences are connected tothe normative pillar as the institutional logics of their corresponding professions shape the interpretations of financial reality. Interpretations are thus made in accordance with the normative pillar and institutional logics of each profession with either the regulatory or the cultural-cognitive pillar as the main emphasis.

The 2021 - 2022 decline in the Software as a Service (SaaS) market is a novel occurrence, as previous recessions and market downturns took place before the emergence of SaaS. The decline in SaaS valuation signifies changes in valuation criteria and with that, a shift in the weighting of the Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) profitability and growth. While growth has historically been one of the most important KPIs for SaaS valuations, there are indications that profitability is gaining significance as investors prioritise safer investments in a volatile market. To investigate the weighting of KPIs in the new market landscape and the valuation multiple development, a quantitative exploratory approach was adopted, where 43 B2B SaaS companies in the Nordic region and 57 B2B SaaS companies in the US were analysed. Four main findings was established in the report: (1) a clear downturn in both the Nordic and US median revenue multiple was observed, where both markets’ multiples more than halved from 2021-2023; (2) In the US market, a strong negative correlation was found between the profitability and growth multiples, and between revenue growth and EBITDA margin. For the Nordics a moderate correlation was observed between profitability and growth multiples; (3) A shift in the KPI relation has occurred during the downturn, where the median profitability has increased for US and Nordic SaaS companies. Growth declined for the US SaaS companies, while increased in the Nordics; (4) The interquartile range (IQR) among top performers in the US have shifted towards increased profitability and a decrease in growth. Meanwhile, the top performers in the Nordics maintained the same median profitability after the market downturn and the IQR decreased. / Den nedgång som inträffade på Software as a Service (SaaS) marknaden under 2021-2022 är en ny företeelse, då tidigare lågkonjunkturer och marknads nedgångar ägde rum innan SaaS uppkomst. Nedgången i SaaS-värderingar innebär förändringar i värderingskriterier och därmed en förändring i vikten av nyckeltalen lönsamhet och tillväxt. Medan tillväxt historiskt sett har varit en av de viktigaste nyckeltalen för SaaS-värderingar finns det indikationer på att lönsamhet blir allt viktigare då investerare prioriterar säkrare investeringar på en volatil marknad. För att undersöka vikten av nyckeltal i det nya marknadsläget och utvecklingen av värderingsmultiplar användes en kvantitativ utforskande metod, där 43 B2B SaaS-företag i Norden och 57 B2B SaaS-företag i USA analyserades. Rapporten visade fyra huvudsakliga resultat: (1) en tydlig nedgång för både det nordiska och amerikanska medianvärdet av intäktsmultiplarna observerades, där båda multiplarna minskade med mer än hälften från 2021-2023; (2) På den amerikanska marknaden fanns det ett starkt negativt samband mellan lönsamhets- och tillväxtmultiplar samt mellan intäktstillväxt och EBITDA-marginal. För Norden observerades ett måttligt samband mellan lönsamhets- och tillväxtmultiplar; (3) En förskjutning i nyckeltalsrelationen har skett under nedgången, där medianlönsamheten har ökat för amerikanska och nordiska SaaS-företag. Tillväxten minskade för de amerikanska SaaS-företagen medan den ökade i Norden; (4) Det interkvartila intervallet (IQR) bland topprestatörerna i USA har skiftats mot ökad lönsamhet och minskad tillväxt. Samtidigt behöll topprestatörerna i Norden samma medianlönsamhet efter marknadens nedgång och IQR minskade.

This paper analyses potential of Software as a Service (SaaS) model in small and medium enterprises (SME). SaaS model is rapidly expanding trend between software delivery models. The first chapter describes evolution of software delivery models, which peaks in the most recent "Software as a Service" model. It analyses key features of SaaS in qualitative, technological and legal dimensions. The first chapter also mentions assesment methods for IT investments. This chapter introduces basic theoretical framework for next chapters. Next chapter focuses on category of small and medium enterprises. It defines main macroeconomic indicators and organizational specifics of SMEs. This chapter also presents results of research into reasons for and against the use of applications with SaaS model in small and medium enterprises. Last chapter selects the most common software categories used by small and medium enterprises. For each category it analyses and describes current state of the SaaS market. After analysing the market situation, it selects broad range of applications for each category. Using multi-dimensional approach it recommends three products best suited for SMEs. For all categories it maps potential of the three recommended products. These three products are then thoroughly compared with each other using extended set of criteria. The chapter ends with a summary of possibilities offered by these applications to SMEs.

This diploma thesis deals with the theme of Software as a Service (SaaS) model. Software as a Service is one of the main trends in ICT sector during the past few years. The aim of this diploma thesis is to introduce readers this model in its wide ranging consequences and to accomplish a comparison of selected applications from office suite in SaaS model with applications from office suite Microsoft Office. Diploma thesis can be divided into two parts - the first part focuses on the theoretical basis (chapters 2 - 5) and the second part focuses on practical part (chapter 6). The third chapter (the first and second chapters are introduction) describes Software as a Service model and provides answers to the most frequently asked questions that belong to this model. Chapter number four introduces other trends in ICT industry and seeks and finds synergies between SaaS model and those trends. The next chapter deals with the "Does IT Matter?" question and SaaS model. Practical part of diploma thesis (chapter number six) includes comparison of applications from office suite in SaaS model (Google Docs and Zoho Office Suite) with selected applications from office suite Microsoft Office. Pieces of information for creation of this thesis are public accessible resources and resources accessible from University of Economic in Prague. Web 2.0 tools can provide relevant information. This thesis can be useful as instructional material for students and for interested persons. It can be also useful as a source of arguments for persons with competence of choosing information systems.