[pt] A partir do diálogo promovido pelo Movimento Litúrgico e pelo Concílio Vaticano II, entre a exegese, a patrística e a teologia dogmática, tem sido possível redescobrir um conceito mais bíblico, eclesial e profético dos sacramentos celebrados pela Igreja. Os sacramentos, à luz do pensamento conciliar, têm sido abordados pela teologia como atos do próprio Cristo, que se prolongam na vida de sua Igreja. O fio condutor de nossa pesquisa é a relação profunda que existe entre a teologia das ações simbólicas dos profetas e as de Jesus, as quais se prolongam nas celebrações litúrgicas da comunidade cristã e no testemunho vivencial dos batizados. Por meio dessas celebrações, os que creem são inseridos na vida do Ressuscitado e chamados a prolongar em suas vidas as palavras e ações de Cristo. Desse modo, os fiéis tomam consciência de exercerem o ministério profético que lhes foi confiado no batismo. A compreensão dos sacramentos como ações proféticas é capaz de revelar à própria Igreja a missão profética que é chamada a exercer no mundo de hoje, bem como a sua condição de sacramento de Cristo em prol da salvação de todos os homens. / [en] It has been possible to rediscover a more biblical, ecclesial and prophetic concept of the sacraments celebrated by the Church through the dialogue promoted by the Liturgical Movement and the Second Vatican Council, between exegesis, patristics and dogmatic theology. The sacraments, in light of the conciliar thought, have been approached by theology as acts of Christ himself, and they have continued in the life of his Church. The guiding thread of our research is the deep relationship that exists between the theology of prophets symbolic actions and those of Jesus, which are extended to the liturgical celebrations of the Christian community and in the lived witness of the baptized. Through these celebrations, those who believe are inserted into the life of the Risen One and they are called to prolong in their own lives the words and actions of Christ. In this way, the ones who have faith become aware of exercising the prophetic ministry entrusted to them by baptism. The understanding of the sacraments as prophetic actions is able to revealing to the Church the prophetic mission that it is called to practice in the world of today, as well as its condition as the sacrament of Christ for the salvation of all men.

[pt] A Animação Bíblica da Pastoral foi consagrada pelo Papa Bento XVI na Exortação Apostólica Verbum Domini e tem se tornado comum na Igreja, bem como tem sido urgente a sua prática. Chamada a ser a alma de toda a pastoral, sua importância reside na redescoberta da Palavra de Deus como fonte e conteúdo de toda a ação evangelizadora da Igreja. Nesta pesquisa, propôs-se uma Animação Bíblica que seja Integral e atinja a Vida e a Pastoral; que seja fonte de toda ação evangelizadora, ficando assim composta sua proposição: Animação Bíblica Integral da Vida e da Pastoral. O termo Integral é aqui entendido como aquilo que se apresenta em sua totalidade, ou como propriedade do ser integral, e o substantivo Vida, como aquilo que é vivenciado pela realidade humana em seus diversos aspectos e dimensões. Tomou-se como base dessa proposição o axioma teológico Lex oranidi, lex credendi e lex vivendi, naquilo que diz respeito ao mistério que se celebra, que se crê e se vivencia. Entende-se que a Animação Bíblica da Vida e da Pastoral acontece quando essas três dimensões se complementam pela Palavra de Deus que circula entre elas e as une. A principal base desta pesquisa é a experiência pastoral dos Círculos Bíblicos da diocese de Cachoeiro de Itapemirim-ES, entre os anos 2010 e 2019, tomada como exemplificação. Também foi visitado o caminho pastoral percorrido pela Palavra de Deus desde o período Apostólico (Séc. I) à promulgação da Constituição Dogmática Dei Verbum e seus desdobramentos até ao aparecimento da proposição Animação Bíblica da Pastoral. O fundamental, em todo o processo desta pesquisa, é a redescoberta da Palavra de Deus na liturgia e na oração, na catequese e na vivência pessoal, comunitária e social, numa circularidade integradora que une esses três momentos. A Animação Bíblica Integral da Vida e da Pastoral, aqui proposta, apresenta-se como uma contribuição ao desdobramento da proposição Animação Bíblica da Pastoral, no que diz respeito ao entendimento conceitual e ao serviço à Pastoral Bíblica. / [en] The Bible Animation of Pastoral Work was enshrined by Pope Benedict XVI in the Apostolic Exhortation Verbum Domini and has become common in the Church, as well as its practice has been urgent. The Animation has been called to be the soul of all pastoral work, its importance lies in the rediscovery of the Word of God as the source and content of all evangelizing action of the Church. In this research, it was proposed a Bible Animation that is Integral and reaches Life and Pastoral; that could be the source of all evangelizing action, thus composing its proposition: Integral Bible Animation of Life and Pastoral Work. The term Integral is understood here as what is presented in its entirety, or as a property of the integral being, and the noun Life, as what is experienced by human reality in its various aspects and dimensions. The theological axiom Lex oranid, lex credendi and lex vivendi was taken as the basis of this proposition, with regard to the mystery that is celebrated, believed and experienced. It is understood that the Bible Animation of Life and Pastoral Work takes place when these three dimensions are complemented by the Word of God that circulates among them and unites them. The main basis of this research is the pastoral experience of the Bible Circles of the diocese of Cachoeiro de Itapemirim-ES, between 2010 and 2019, that was taken as an example. The pastoral path taken by the Word of God from the Apostolic period (1st century) to the promulgation of the Dogmatic Constitution Dei Verbum and its repercussions until the appearance of the proposition Bible Animation of Pastoral Work was also visited. The fundamental in the entire process of this research is the rediscovery of the Word of God in the liturgy and prayer, in catechesis and in personal, community and social experience, in an integrative circularity that unites these three moments. The Integral Bible Animation of Life and Pastoral Work, proposed here, presents itself as a contribution to the repercussion of the Bible Animation of Pastoral proposition, with regard to conceptual understanding and service to bible pastoral.

[pt] A presente tese tem como objetivo principal contribuir para um renovado conceito dos sacramentos da Igreja, a partir da teologia litúrgica das ações simbólicas dos profetas de Israel e de Jesus. Com o avanço das pesquisas na área bíblica, patrística e dogmática, tem sido possível explorar um conceito mais bíblico e eclesial dos sacramentos celebrados pela Igreja. À luz do Concílio Vaticano II é traçada a natureza litúrgica dos atos proféticos realizados pelos profetas e por Jesus. Como sinais do poder Deus, inseridos na história da salvação, estes atos hoje são prolongados no mundo por meio da liturgia da Igreja. Inseridos na última etapa da historia salutis, os sacramentos são atos divinos que revelam a presença salvífica de Cristo no mundo e antecipam o cumprimento escatológico do reino de Deus. Sendo assim, os sacramentos como atos proféticos da Igreja querem provocar uma expressão renovada dos atos litúrgicos da Igreja. As ações simbólicas provocam uma reposta, fazendo com que o cristão participe ativamente do mistério e compreenda que os sacramentos são atos que possuem uma força transformadora na própria vida, na Igreja e em todo o mundo. / [en] The main purpose of this thesis is to contribute to a renewed concept of the sacraments of the Church, starting from the liturgical theology of the symbolic actions of the prophets of Israel and Jesus. With the advance of biblical research, patristic and dogmatic, it has been possible to explore a more biblical and ecclesial concept of the sacraments celebrated by the Church. In the light of the Second Vatican Council, the liturgical nature of the prophetic acts performed by the prophets and by Jesus is outlined. As signs of God s power, inserted in salvation history, these acts are prolonged in the world today through the liturgy of the Church. Inserted in the last stage of the historia salutis, the sacraments are divine acts that reveal Christ s saving presence in the world and anticipate the eschatological fulfillment of the kingdom of God. Therefore, the sacraments as prophetic acts of the Church want to bring about a renewed expression of the liturgical acts of the Church. The symbolic actions cause a response, making the Christian participate actively in the mystery and understand that the sacraments are acts that have a transforming force in their own life, in the Church, and in the whole world.

Cette étude vise à fournir une vision de la poétique de l'auteur contemporain Erri De Luca, à travers l'étude des éléments et des motifs empruntés aux Écritures particulièrement prégnants dans son œuvre. De tels éléments, renvoyant aux sources bibliques, fournissent une clef pour la lecture et pour l'interprétation de l'œuvre deluchienne dans sa complexité. L'insertion de l'imagery biblico-littéraire, chargée d'éléments qui depuis des siècles sont ancrés dans l'imaginaire collectif confère une unité à l'écriture de cet auteur, en dépit de sa variété. Le terme imagery est utilisé pour exprimer un ensemble d'images auxquelles appartiennent les symboles, les métaphores, les comparaisons, les thèmes, les conventions, ainsi que les archétypes, appartenant aux Saintes Écritures. La poétique de De Luca est analysée ici au moyen de l'identification des images qui constituent les principaux éléments de la narration des auteurs de la Bible, comme de l'auteur napolitain.En prenant comme objectif l'étude de l’œuvre deluchienne du point de vue de l'imagery des Saintes Écritures, ce travail se divise en quatre parties. La première partie vise à fournir un cadre général des échos bibliques dans la littérature italienne contemporaine, en proposant une brève description des thèmes et motifs qui ont inspiré, et continuent d'inspirer, les romanciers et poètes italiens. En outre, dans cette partie nous traitons les principales tendances que l'on peut dégager dans les différents écrits littéraires d'inspiration biblique, en nous appuyant sur quelques exemples. Ainsi, il est possible de déterminer la place qu'occupe la poétique de De Luca dans le contexte de la littérature italienne du XXième siècle, où la présence de la Bible est considérable. L'auteur napolitain, bien que dépourvu de sentiments religieux, non seulement comprend les Saintes Écritures à travers leur sens métaphorique, mais en fait également la matrice conceptuelle de ses propres œuvres littéraires, en créant un univers biblico-littéraire cohérent et entièrement personnel.Dans le deuxième chapitre, nous parcourons brièvement la biographie de De Luca, et en particulier certains aspects de sa vie personnelle en référence à ses œuvres. De telles références, récurrentes dans l'écriture deluchienne, forment un des deux macrotextes où l'écrivain puise pour créer sa propre poétique, celui de la vie. Dans cette partie, nous évoquons les concepts et les mots-clés forgés par De Luca lui-même, à travers le prisme desquels il semble souhaiter être lu et interprété. Le premier de ces concepts est la nostalgie des racines, idée à laquelle se rattachent les réflexions sur l'autre possibilité, ainsi que sur l'extranéité au monde. Il découle de cette analyse une description du militantisme politique de l'auteur. Enfin, on abordera l'expression utilisée par l'auteur pour définir son rapport avec la religion, à savoir sa condition de non-croyant. Dans la troisième partie, nous décrivons l'évolution de l'intérêt de De Luca pour la littérature, la traduction et l'interprétation des Saintes Écritures. Nous commençons par évoquer sa passion pour la culture et pour l'histoire juive, indissociable de l'étude de la langue de l'Ancien Testament, cette dernière ayant été apprise en vue de lire le texte biblique dans sa forme originaire. Cela a ensuite mené l'auteur vers un approfondissement des pratiques cabalistiques qui, à leur tour, lui ont permis de se lancer dans l'exégèse biblique. Ensuite, nous passons à une brève description des traductions deluchienne de certains livres de la Bible dans lesquelles l'auteur tente de restituer le plus fidèlement possible la forme originaire, en utilisant la langue italienne comme un simple moyen de faire entrevoir l'original. C'est pour cette raison que les traductions sont abordées dans cette analyse comme étant des connecteurs, ainsi qu'un moyen pour arriver du texte d'origine vers l'écriture, plus dans le sens conceptuel que séquentiel. / The aim of the dissertation is to analyze the prose of the modern Italian writer Erri De Luca through the lens of biblical motifs and references, which bind his works together. Such references to biblical sources are the key to understanding and interpreting the author's writings, which, despite their multifaceted character, nonetheless remain grounded in biblical-literary imagery; one rich in references rooted in the human imagination since centuries past. The term imagery encompasses the entire set of biblical images including symbols, metaphors, comparisons, motifs, and archetypes. The analysis of De Luca's writings consists in foregrounding those images which constitute the fundamental elements of the narration both in the case of biblical authors, as in the case of the Neapolitan writer himself. The dissertation comprises four parts. Chapter One attempts to present the general framework of biblical references in modern Italian literature in the form of a short description of the themes and motifs taken up by Italian poets and prose writers alike. Furthermore, the chapter discusses and exemplifies the main tendencies in literary references to biblical imagery, which will then allow us to observe the ways in which De Luca's works partake in the larger body of 20th century Italian literature with visible biblical influences. Despite his declared lack of religious faith, the Neapolitan writer not only decodes the metaphorical sense of the Bible, but also adopts the Bible as the framework for his writings, thus creating a personal, unified, and unique biblical-literary universe. Chapter Two includes a short biographical note on the writer with a strong emphasis on those aspects of his life which are reflected in his writings. And because such references are numerous indeed, they comprise one of the two macrotexts that the writer refers to in his poetics, i.e. the life (vita) macrotext. This section also presents keywords introduced by De Luca himself. It can be assumed that the author wanted to point his readers and critics to a specific method of reading and interpreting his art. The first keyword of this kind refers to the concept of a longing for the return to the source, which is tied to reflections on the so-called other possibility (altra possibilità) and one's alienation from the exterior world. The later part of the chapter describes the author's political engagement and reflects on the meaning that De Luca ascribes to the word non-believer (non-credente), which the author uses to describe his personal approach to religion. Chapter Three describes the author's interest in reading, translating, and interpreting the Bible, starting with his interest for Jewish history and culture, the roots of which may be traced back to De Luca's study of the Hebrew language. The author undertook the study in order to be able to read biblical texts in their original language, which, in turn, has led him to acquaint himself with Cabalistic practices, enabling him to employ his own biblical exegesis. The chapter then provides an overview of De Luca's own translations of selected biblical texts, a distinguishing feature of which is the author's attempt to remain as faithful as possible to the original text. In this regard, De Luca treats the Italian language as a mere tool and does not consider the process of translation to be an end in and of itself. For this reason, the dissertation treats his translations as a “connector” of sorts, as well as a stepping stone in the journey from the source text to writing itself – more so in a conceptual sense than a temporal sense. The further part of the chapter will consist of an analysis of those of De Luca's works which could be described as “rewriting” biblical tales (riscritture), a process which is not only considered to be a distinct kind of translation, but even the next stage in the work of the translator.

[pt] A teologia do domingo se desenvolve a partir da ressureição de Cristo. Diante desse evento, os Apóstolos compreenderam que esse dia deveria ser recordado como memorial pascal da nova e eterna Aliança. O domingo constitui, portanto, o novo tempo do culto cristão, deixando o sétimo dia, o sábado judaico, para então se tornar o primeiro dia da semana como o dia santo. O domingo também assume uma perspectiva escatológica, chamado de o oitavo dia, ou seja, o domingo que não tem fim e, para a vida da Igreja nascente, é um dia especial de culto. Os Padres da Igreja deixaram grande testemunho acerca desse dia que começa aqui para ter seu fim na eternidade. Essa dissertação propõe, então, perfazer um caminho de reflexão sobre a teologia do domingo, tendo em vista que, desde o Concílio Vaticano II, o domingo vem sendo celebrado com a proposta de uma participação plena, ativa e consciente. Para tanto, utilizou-se uma pesquisa qualitativa e bibliográfica, embasada na Sagrada Escritura, na Tradição, Magistério e Documentos da Igreja, assim como as leituras de vários estudiosos do assunto. A Constituição Sacrosanctum Concilium teve grande relevância no tocante à questão litúrgica na vida Igreja, ajudando a comunidade de fé a celebrar e viver o mistério de Cristo. A impostação da pesquisa é histórico-salvífica, visto que, desde a criação, já estava presente o desígnio do Pai de salvar e redimir o ser humano, e reúne elementos bíblicos e da eclesiologia litúrgica. O domingo torna-se o lugar privilegiado da irradiação da graça divina através da celebração do Mistério Pascal de Cristo, produzindo nos fiéis uma transformação para a vida. A comunidade que celebra a fé no dia do Senhor se vê guiada pelo Espírito que estava presente na criação, verbalizado na aliança no Sinai e encarnado no Cristo. / [en] The Sunday s theology grow away of Christ s resurrection. From here, this event understood that Day would be remembered as pascal memorial from the new and eternal alliance. Sunday constitute as much as new time of Christian Cult, leaving the Jewish Saturday, the seventh Day, tobe the first Saint Day. Sunday also assumes a scatologic called for the eighth day, and being the Sunday that hasn t final. The priests from the church left a great testimony, about this Day that begins here in order to have a eternity without a final. This dissertation proposes to complete a way about the Sunday theology. There is a vision since the Vaticano Concilio II, Sundays have being celebrated wiht a proposal that plain has an active participation. The Sacrosanctum Concilium had a great revelation, touch the liturgic question in the life of church, helping the, faith of community to celebrate and to live the Christ mistery. The imposition of search is history secure. The placement about salvation, developed, showing us that since the creation it was present in the Father s purposes. They were saved and regained the human being. It assembled biblical and eclesiastic liturgical persons. So, on Sunday Day, it s a place grantee of divine kindness, through of celebration of Pascal Christ, producing us the transformation to the life. The community celebrate the faith in god s Day in a sanctified in the spirit that was present in the creation, verbalized in the alliance of Sinai and incarnated in Christ. Sunday is the Spirit s Day, proceed in the church in a eucaristic celebration.