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Submitted by admin tede (tede@pucgoias.edu.br) on 2017-06-28T13:06:00Z No. of bitstreams: 1 LUCAS RODRIGUES SAMPAIO.pdf: 955041 bytes, checksum: 35594b1f525d8647d04413aaa06e3730 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-28T13:06:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 LUCAS RODRIGUES SAMPAIO.pdf: 955041 bytes, checksum: 35594b1f525d8647d04413aaa06e3730 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-09 / The study of traditional uses of plants and their products has gradually increased during the last years, which has resulted in a significant number of publications in this area. Phytotherapics correspond to a significant principle of biologically ative natural products, many of which constituted models for the synthesis of a large number of drugs. Therefore, inserts it the Carthamus tinctorius, a plant that is part of the family Asteraceae, presenting themselves as a crop adapted to adverse conditions, being cultivated worldwide due to its medicinal properties. The Carthamus tinctorius contains a high quality oil rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). The herb has potential for improvement through molecular breeding programs due to the availability of significant genetic and phenotypic diversity. In order to evaluate the angiogenic and genotoxic activities of safflower oil, angiogenesis tests were carried out on the chorioallantoid membrane (MCA) of embryonated chicken egg and micronucleus test on hematopoietic bone marrow of mice, where the results of the test in MCA Indicated that the oil caused a significant increase of the vascular network (p <0.05) in relation to the neutral and inhibitory controls. In the micronucleus test, the doses of 500, 1,000 and 1,500 mg.kg-1 were used. No genotoxic activity was observed at doses of 500 and 1,000, since the number of micronuclei in relation positive control doxorubicin (DXR) towas lower (p <0.05). However at the dose of 1,500, the genotoxic effect was observed, since the micronucleus values detected were similar to those of the positive control. In view of the techniques and conditions employed, the conclusions of this study reinforce that safflower oil presents therapeutic potential, with angiogenic activity and absence of genotoxicity in doses of 500 and 1,000 mg.kg-1. However, it should be consumed moderately because of the mutagenic activity found in high doses. / O estudo dos usos tradicionais de plantas e seus produtos têm aumentado gradualmente durante os últimos anos, o que resultou em um conjunto significativo de publicações nesta área. Os fitoterápicos correspondem a um princípio significativo de produtos naturais biologicamente ativos, muitos dos quais constituíram modelos para a síntese de um grande número de fármacos. Portanto, inclui-se o Carthamus tinctorius, planta que faz parte da família Asteraceae, apresentando-se como uma cultura adaptada a condições adversas, sendo cultivada em todo o mundo devido às suas propriedades medicinais. O Carthamus tinctorius, contém um óleo de alta qualidade rico em ácidos graxos poliinsaturados (PUFAs). A cultura da erva tem um potencial de melhoria através de programas de melhoramento molecular devido à disponibilidade da diversidade genética e fenotípica significativa. Com o intuito de avaliar as atividades angiogênica e genotóxica do óleo de cártamo, foram realizados os testes de angiogênese na membrana corioalantoide (MCA) do ovo embrionado de galinha e o teste de micronúcleo em medula óssea hematopoiética de camundongos, onde os resultados do ensaio na MCA indicaram que o óleo provocou aumento significativo da rede vascular (p<0,05) em relação aos controles neutro e inibidor. No teste do micronúcleo, foram utilizadas doses de, 500, 1.000 e 1.500 mg.kg-1. Não foi observada atividade genotóxica nas doses de 500 e 1.000, uma vez que o número de micronúcleos foi menor (p<0,05) em relação ao controle positivo doxorrubicina (DXR). Entretanto, na dose de 1.500 foi observado o efeito genotóxico, pois os valores de micronúcleos detectados foram semelhantes aos do controle positivo. Diante das técnicas e condições empregadas, as conclusões deste estudo reforçam que o óleo de cártamo apresenta potencial terapêutico, com atividade angiogênica e ausência de genotoxicidade nas doses de 500 e 1.000 mg.kg-1. No entanto, deve ser consumido moderadamente por conta da atividade genotóxica encontrada em doses elevadas.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:42:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 EllenKLM_DISSERT.pdf: 2963115 bytes, checksum: f31b2e203bf9ce3c07ef2636fa792275 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-09-20 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico / Most of the energy consumed worldwide comes from oil, coal and natural gas. These sources are limited and estimated to be exhausted in the future, therefore, the search for alternative sources of energy is paramount. Currently, there is considerable interest in making trade sustainable biodiesel, a fuel alternative to fossil fuels, due to its renewable nature and environmental benefits of its use in large scale. This trend has led the Brazilian government to establish a program (Probiodiesel) with the aim of introducing biodiesel into the national energy matrix, by addition of 5% biodiesel to conventional diesel in 2010 to foster not only the increase of renewable energy, but reduce imports of crude oil. This work evaluates different methods of extraction of oil Carthamus tinctorius L., their characterization by IR, 1H and 13C NMR, HPLC and TG and their use in the production of methyl ester (molar ratio of oil / alcohol 1:6, and NaOH catalyst). The physico-chemical parameters (acid value, density, viscosity, saponification index and surface tension) of oil and biodiesel were also described. The produced biodiesel had a yield of 93.65%, was characterized in relation to their physicochemical properties showing satisfactory results (density=875 kg/m3, viscosity = 6.22 mm2/s, AI = 0.01 mg (NaOH) /g) compared with the values established by the the National Agency Oil, Natural Gas and Biofuels / A maior parte da energia consumida no mundo prov?m do petr?leo, do carv?o e do g?s natural. Essas fontes s?o limitadas e com previs?o de esgotamento no futuro, portanto, a busca por fontes alternativas de energia ? de suma import?ncia. Atualmente, h? um consider?vel interesse em tornar sustent?vel o com?rcio do biodiesel, um combust?vel alternativo ao de origem f?ssil, em fun??o de sua natureza renov?vel e dos benef?cios ambientais de seu emprego em larga escala. Essa tend?ncia levou o governo brasileiro a estabelecer um programa (Probiodiesel) com o objetivo de introduzir o biodiesel na matriz energ?tica nacional, atrav?s da adi??o de 5% de biodiesel ao diesel convencional em 2010, de forma a incentivar n?o somente o aumento de fontes renov?veis de energia, mas reduzir as importa??es do ?leo bruto. O presente trabalho avalia diferentes m?todos de extra??es (Soxhlet, Ultrassom e Exaustiva) do ?leo de Carthamus tinctorius L., sua caracteriza??o por IV, RMN 1H e 13C, CLAE, TG e Estabilidade Oxidativa que na presen?a de antioxidante demonstrou ser bastante satisfat?rio e seu emprego na produ??o de ?ster met?lico (raz?o molar ?leo/?lcool; 1:6; NaOH como catalisador). Os par?metros fisico-qu?micos (?ndice de acidez, densidade, viscosidade, ?ndice de saponifica??o e tens?o superficial) do ?leo e biodiesel tamb?m est?o descritos. O biodiesel produzido que apresentou rendimento de 93,65%, foi caracterizado em rela??o as suas propriedades fisico-qu?micas apresentando resultados satisfat?rios (Densidade = 875 kg/m3; Viscosidade = 6,22 mm2/s; IA = 0,01 mg (NaOH)/g) quando comparados com os valores estabelecidos pela Ag?ncia Nacional do Petr?leo, G?s Natural e Biocombust?veis

Increasing fuel prices, stricter government policies, and technological developments made it possible to seek for renewable alternatives, called biofuels, to petroleum fuel. Biodiesel, a biofuel that is produced from chemically mixing animal fat, vegetable oils, or recycled restaurant grease with alcohol and catalyst, is gaining popularity in recent years as a substitute for petroleum diesel. Ninety percent (90%) of U.S. biodiesel industry makes use of soybean oil as its feedstock. However, soybean oil alone cannot meet such a huge demand on biofuel production. Hence, it is important to identify and get more information about other feedstocks, specifically on its effects on the performance and exhaust emissions of diesel engines. The purpose of this study is to investigate the performance and emissions of two diesel engines operating on different biodiesel fuels (i.e. canola oil, sunflower oil, safflower oil, peanut oil, and chicken fat) and compare them to the performance and emissions when the engine is operated on soybean oil-based biodiesel and petroleum-based diesel. Results indicated that an engine operating on biodiesel generates a little less power and torque at any given speed than one running on diesel. Such power and torque loss were attributed to the biodiesel's lower energy content. The lower heating value (energy content) of biodiesel can be reflected in the specific fuel consumption, i.e., to generate the same power, more biodiesel is needed. The reduction in torque and power of less than 10% indicates that in some cases biodiesel has better combustion than diesel. Unfortunately, the high efficiency of combustion may give rise to increased combustion temperature which may lead to higher exhaust emissions. The gradual decrease in the total hydrocarbon and CO2 emissions, as blends were increased from B20 to B100, was also found to be an indication of better combustion using biodiesel fuels than petroleum diesel. However, NOx emissions were higher, predominantly at low speeds for most biodiesel and blends and therefore may require some additives or engine modifications/or adjustments to equalize the NOx emissions of diesel. Other emissions particularly SO2 were lower than standards require.

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My thesis deals with dye plants and possibilities of their use. The first part contains classification of dye plants and history of their use. In the next part, there is a summary of dye plants and colors we can get from them. Methodology of coloring is also introduced. At the end, there are botanic parameters, environment needs and cultivation methods of eight selected dye plants. The thesis include database of dye plants in electronic form.