Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 2006. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 119-136).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 2005. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 135-151).

Orientadores: Fernanda Klein Marcondes, Caroline Morini Calil / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas. Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-15T16:22:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Lima_PatriciaOliveirade_M.pdf: 1921377 bytes, checksum: 762429b34364f430a3302fbab6ade68a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Resumo: A halitose é a emanação de odores desagradáveis pelas narinas e pela cavidade oral, devido à produção de compostos sulfurados voláteis (CSV) originados do metabolismo bacteriano, geralmente relacionados à higiene ou alterações bucais. Porém, fatores emocionais e o ciclo menstrual também influenciam a produção de CSV. Neste contexto, e considerando que o gênero do avaliador pode influenciar as respostas do voluntário, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a influência da ansiedade e do gênero do avaliador sobre a produção de CSVe biomarcadores salivares. A situação de ansiedade foi induzida pelo Video-Recorded Stroop Color-Word Test (VRSCWT), validado como um modelo de ansiedade experimental. As concentrações bucais de CSV e salivares de cortisol, alfa-amilase, imunoglobulina A secretória (IgA) e proteínas totais, bem como as pressões arteriais sistólica e diastólica, freqüência cardíaca (FC) e o fluxo salivar foram determinados antes e após a aplicação do VRSCWT. Os resultados foram avaliados utilizando-se Análise de Variância com Medidas Repetidas (p<0,05). O VRSCWT induziu aumento significativo na concentração de CSV, em ambos os gêneros, sem influência do gênero do avaliador. Mulheres apresentaram maiores concentrações de CSV do que voluntários do gênero masculino, antes e após o VRSCWT. O VRSCWT também induziu aumento nos valores de pressão arterial em homens e mulheres em relação aos valores basais. O aumento na pressão arterial sistólica foi mais pronunciado quando os voluntários foram avaliados por um experimentador do gênero oposto. Mulheres, quando avaliadas pelo gênero oposto, apresentaram aumento significativo do cortisol e alfa amilase salivar em relação aos valores basais, sem alteração quando o VRSCWT foi aplicado por avaliador do mesmo gênero, ou em voluntários do gênero masculino. Não houve alteração sobre os valores de FC, fluxo salivar, IgAs e proteínas totais após a aplicação da situação ansiogênica. Os resultados demonstraram que o VRSCWT induziu ansiedade, a qual aumentou a produção de CSV, sendo que estes efeitos sofreram influência do gênero do voluntário e do avaliador. / Abstract: Halitosis is the emanation of offensive odors from nostrils and oral cavity due to volatile sulfur compounds (VSC) production originated from bacterial metabolism, usually related to hygiene or oral alterations. However emotional factors and menstrual cycle have also been associated with the VSC production. In this context, and considering that the gender of the experimenter may influence the responses of the volunteer, the aim this study was to evaluate the influence of the anxiety and experimenter gender on the VSC and salivary biomarkers production. The anxiety was induced by Video-Recorded Stroop Color-Word Test (VRSCWT), validated as a model of experimental anxiety. The VSC concentration and salivary of cortisol, alpha-amylase, secretory IgA (sIgA) and total proteins, as well as, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, heart rate (HR) and salivary flow were evaluated before and after the application of the VRSCWT. Data were compared by Analysis of Variance with Repeated Measures (p<0.05). The VRSCWT induced significant increase in the VSC concentration, in both genders, without influence of the experimenter gender. Women presented higher VSC concentration than men, before and after VRSCWT. The VRSCWT also induced increase in blood pressure in men and women in relation to basal values. The increase in systolic blood pressure was more pronounced when volunteers were evaluated by an experimenter of the opposite gender. Women, when evaluated by the opposite gender, presented a significant increase of cortisol and salivary alpha-amylase in relation baseline values, without changes when the VRSCWT was applied by the evaluator of the same gender, or male volunteers. There was no change on the values of HR, salivary flow, sIgA and total proteins after anxiogenic situation. The results showed that the VRSCWT induced anxiety and increased VSC production and that these effects were influenced by the volunteer and gender of the experimenter. / Mestrado / Fisiologia Oral / Mestre em Odontologia

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L’astringence est une sensation de sécheresse ressentie en bouche lors de la dégustation des vins rouges, qui résulte de la complexation entre les polyphénols du vin et les protéines de la salive, provoquant une diminution de lubrification en bouche. Parmi les protéines salivaires, les protéines riches en prolines (PRP) sont connues pour leur capacité à se lier aux polyphénols et à précipiter avec eux. Une meilleure connaissance de ce phénomène au niveau moléculaire est nécessaire pour le comprendre et le maîtriser. Il a été montré qu’un peptide de quatorze acides aminés, IB714, dont la séquence est conservée au sein des protéines riches en proline, était un mime représentatif des PRP. Un travail préliminaire par spectrométrie de masse résolue en énergie a permis de caractériser les interactions entre des polyphénols et le peptide IB714. Une échelle d’affinité en phase gazeuse a ainsi été déterminée. Cependant, cette méthodologie d’analyse d’un système modèle ne permet pas de s’accommoder de la complexité du vin. C’est pourquoi nous avons conçu une nouvelle stratégie reposant sur l'utilisation de sondes moléculaires immobilisée sur des billes magnétiques. Dans un premier temps nous avons élaboré une sonde peptidique, en greffant le peptide IB714 sur des billes magnétiques portant des fonctions carboxylates. Cette sonde peptidique a ensuite été étudiée avec des polyphénols modèles. Après sédimentation des billes magnétiques, les polyphénols non captés par la sonde ont été dosés par spectrométrie de masse en utilisant un étalon interne. Une échelle d'affinité en phase liquide a été établie de cette manière. Les positions relatives des polyphénols modèles sur cette échelle sont similaires à celles qui ont été établies en phase gazeuse. Dans un second temps, nous avons construit sur le même principe une sonde polyphénolique. Pour cela, un polyphénol modifié chimiquement a été immobilisé sur des billes magnétiques portant des fonctions amines. Cette sonde polyphénolique a été utilisée pour étudier l'interaction avec le peptide IB714. Par ailleurs, pour préparer une étude des interactions entre polyphénols et protéines salivaires avec des mélanges plus complexes que les systèmes modèles, une étude de fractionnement des protéines salivaires a été entreprise, permettant notamment de d’éliminer l’amylase, protéine majoritaire de la salive humaine. De même, un fractionnement d’un vin rouge a été entrepris pour disposer de fractions de tannins caractérisées par spectrométrie de masse. La sonde peptidique est l’outil moléculaire qui offre le plus de perspectives de développement ultérieur. / Astringency is a pucker or dry mouth sensation, typically experimented with red wine tasting, that finds its origin in the complexation of polyphenols with salivary proteins, producing a reduced lubrication of the oral cavity. Among salivary proteins, proline rich proteins (PRPs) are well known for their capacity to bind and precipitate dietary polyphenols. A better knowledge of this phenomenon at the molecular level is required in order to master it. A 14 amino acid stretch from the PRP IB7 has been synthesized and shown to be a representative mimic of PRPs. Previous work by Energy Resolved Mass Spectrometry (ERMS) allowed characterizing the keys parameters of the interactions between these polyphenols and the IB714 probe. An affinity scale in the gas phase was determined in this way. However, the ERMS approach was hardly compatible with the complexity of wine polyphenols, and a validation of the affinity scale in condensed phase was required. Thus, we designed a new strategy relying on the use of molecular probes immobilized on magnetic beads. A peptidic probe was obtained by grafting the synthetic IB714 peptide on magnetic beads bearing carboxylate functions, and used to study its interaction with model polyphenols. After magnetic precipitation of the beads, unbound polyphenols left in the supernatant were quantified by mass spectrometry using an internal standard. An affinity scale in liquid phase was established in this way. Relative positions of model polyphenols on this latter scale were similar to those determined by ERMS. A polyphenolic probe was obtained by grafting a model polyphenol on beads bearing amine functions. This probe has been used to study the interaction with IB714. To prepare further work on more complex mixtures, attempts were made to fractionate human saliva; this allowed eliminating amylase, the major salivary protein. Wine tannins were also fractionated, in order to isolate condensed polyphenols that are characterized by mass spectrometry. The peptidic probe is the molecular tool that offers the best perspectives for future work.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Medical University of South Carolina, 1998. / eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Medical University of South Carolina, 1998. / Includes bibliographical references.

Orientador: Fernanda Klein Marcondes / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-24T15:57:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Lima_PatriciaOliveirade_D.pdf: 849171 bytes, checksum: 8d1338b60a2ebc4b9e9be0660be72427 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Resumo: Além de doenças orais, o estresse e o ciclo menstrual também têm sido relacionados à produção de compostos sulfurados voláteis (CSV), principais gases responsáveis pela halitose. O objetivo deste trabalho foi investigar a relação entre alterações emocionais, associadas a atividades acadêmicas, e produção de CSV, por meio da determinação do nível de estresse, fluxo salivar, concentrações salivares de cortisol, IgA secretória (IgAs), proteínas totais, beta-defensina ¿ 2 (?-defensin-2), atividade de alfa-amilase e expressão das proteínas mucinas 5B, 7 e lactoferrina, na cavidade oral, em mulheres (na fase menstrual do ciclo reprodutivo) e homens dos 4 anos do curso de Graduação em Odontologia da Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba (UNICAMP). Os dados da análise psicológica mostraram que o estresse associado às atividades acadêmicas varia entre os anos do curso. Mulheres apresentaram maiores concentrações bucais de CSV e metil mercaptana (CH3SH), menor fluxo salivar, maiores concentrações salivares de proteínas totais e IgAs e menor expressão salivar de mucinas 5B e 7 em relação aos homens. Em relação ao ano do curso, homens e mulheres cursando o terceiro ano do curso apresentaram maiores valores de CSV, sulfeto de hidrogênio (H2S), alfa-amilase e mucina 5B, em relação a alunos cursando o primeiro ano. Não houve diferença entre os quatro anos da graduação nas concentrações bucais de CH3SH e dimetil sulfeto, concentrações salivares de proteínas totais, IgAs e cortisol e valores de fluxo salivar. Alunos do terceiro ano apresentaram menores concentrações salivares de ?-defensina -2, em relação a alunos do primeiro ano. Alunas cursando o terceiro e quarto anos do curso de graduação apresentaram maior expressão salivar de lactoferrina, em relação às alunas do primeiro e segundo anos. Houve correlação significativa entre os valores de CSV e H2S, em ambos os gêneros. Nas mulheres, observou-se correlação direta entre estresse e CSV e estresse e alfa-amilase e, nos homens, entre estresse e MUC5B. Os resultados confirmam dados anteriores, reforçando a influência do estresse sobre a produção de CSV e sugerem que a ?-defensina -2, mucina 5B e lactoferrina podem estar envolvidas na associação entre estresse e produção de CSV / Abstract: Oral diseases, stress and menstrual cycle have been related to the production of volatile sulfur compounds (VSC), main gases responsible for halitosis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between emotional alterations associated with academic activities and production of VSC. The following parameters were determined: stress levels, salivary flow, salivary concentrations of cortisol, secretory IgA (SIgA), total protein and beta-defensin-2 (?-defensin -2), alpha-amylase activity, and the expression of the proteins mucin 5B, 7 and lactoferrin, in the oral cavity. Women, during menstrual phase of the reproductive cycle, and men, enrolled at Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, participated in the study. The data of psychological analysis showed that the stress associated with academic activities varies between years of the course. Women showed higher oral concentrations of VSC and methyl mercaptan (CH3SH), lower salivary flow, higher concentrations of total protein and SIgA and lower salivary expression of mucins 5B and 7 compared to men. Men and women in the third year of undergraduate course presented higher values of VSC, hydrogen sulfide (H2S), alpha-amylase and mucin 5B compared to students in the first year. There was no difference on the oral concentrations of CH3SH and dimethyl sulphide; salivary proteins, SIgA and cortisol concentrations and salivary flow values between the four years of the undergraduate course. Men scholars in the third year of the undergraduate course showed lower salivary concentrations of ?-defensin-2 compared to the first year. Women scholars in the third and fourth years of the undergraduate course presented higher lactoferrin expression compared to students in the first and second years. There was significant correlation between VSC and H2S in both gender. In women, it was observed correlation between stress and VSC and between stress and alpha-amylase. In men, stress and MUC5B presented positive correlation. The results confirm previous data strengthening the stress influence on the VSC production. Moreover, suggest that the proteins beta-defensin-2, mucin 5B and lactoferrin may be involved in the association between stress and VSC production / Doutorado / Fisiologia Oral / Doutora em Odontologia

Orientador: Fernanda Klein Marcondes / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-07T23:50:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Calil_CarolineMorini_D.pdf: 1987640 bytes, checksum: 39cab7ddd21afb917b161e3e495138ce (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 / Resumo: Alterações emocionais têm sido relacionadas à ocorrência da halitose que é caracterizada pelo aumento na produção de compostos sulfurados voláteis (CSV) no arbucal exalado. Além disso, oscilações hormonais do ciclo menstrual também têm sido relacionadas a alterações na homeostasia bucal. Porém, ainda não está esclarecida a relação entre halitose, alterações emocionais e ciclo menstrual. O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar a influência da ansiedade e do ciclo menstrual sobre a produção de CSV em homens (n=17) e em mulheres (n=14) nas fases pré-menstrual, menstrual e folicular, determinadas pelo método do calendário. A ansiedade foi induzida pelo "Video-Recorded Stroop Color-Word Test" (VRSCWT), que consiste na leitura, em 2 min, das cores em que 100 palavras designativas de cores estão pintadas, sendo que cada palavra apresentada encontra-se em cor diferente de seu significado. Por meio do questionário "Beck Anxiety Inventory" (BAI), foi avaliado o nível basal de ansiedade. A concentração bucal de CSV (halímetro), pressão arterial sistólica, diastólica, freqüência cardíaca, cortisol salivar, fluxo salivar e concentração total de proteínas salivares foram avaliados antes e apos o VRSCWT. Os resultados foram analisados utilizando-se análise de variância (p<0,05). De acordo com o BAI, os voluntários não apresentaram alterações nos níveis basais de ansiedade. Na condição basal, as concentrações de CSV foram maiores durante as fases menstrual (131 ± 14) e pré-menstrual (124± 15) em relação à fase folicular (123± 15) e homens (85± 15 ppb; p<0,05). Mulheres na fase pré-menstrual (0,26 ± 0,04) apresentaram menor fluxo salivar do que as mulheres nas fases menstrual (0,31 ± 0,04), folicular (0,33 ± 0,05) e homens (0,40±0,04 mL/min; p<0,05). A concentração total de proteínas salivares foi maior em homens (1,OO± 0,06, p<0,05) em comparação as fases do ciclo reprodutivo (menstrual = 0,77 ± 0,12; pré-menstrual = 0,70± 0,06; folicular =0,78 ± 0,10 mg/mL). Em homens, a pressão sistólica (125± 2; p<0,05) foi maior em relação às mulheres (prémenstrual = 108±2; menstrual = 110± 2; folicular = 110±2 rnrnHg). Ao contrário, homens apresentaram menor freqüência cardíaca (69± 1 bpm; p<0,05) em relação às mulheres (pré-menstrual = 80 ± 2; menstrual = 77 ± 3; folicular = 79±3 bpm). Foi observada maior concentração salivar de cortisol na fase menstrual (1,7 ±0,2; p<0,05) em comparação com as fases pré-menstrual (1,3± 0,13), folicular (1,4± 0,19) e homens (1,4 ± 0,07 /lg/dL). Nos homens, o VRSCWT induziu aumento na concentração bucal de CSV (97 ±11 ppb), pressão arterial sistólica (128 ±2 mmHg) e frequência cardíaca (74 ± 1 bpm), sem alteração na pressão arterial diastólica, fluxo salivar, concentrações salivares de proteínas e de cortisol salivar. Ao contrário, nenhuma diferença nas variáveis de resposta foi observada nas mulheres, após o VRSCWT (p>0,05). Os resultados demonstraram que a ansiedade pode contribuir para o aumento da produção de CSV em homens, e que o status hormonal de homens e mulheres pode participar deste processo / Abstract: Psychological symptoms have been pointed out as a factor, which induces halitosis, which is characterized by the increased production of volatile sulfur compounds (VSC) presented in the oral breathing. ln addition, hormonal fluctuation of the menstrual cycle has been show to affect oral homeostasis. However, the relationship among menstrual cycle, emotional factors and halitosis is not clarified. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of anxiety and menstrual cycle on the production of VSC in women (n=14) and in men (n=17). After approval by the ethics committee, volunteers with good oral and general health were submitted to the Video-Recorded Stroop Color-Word Test (VRSCWT) used to elicit anxiety. ln women, the test was performed on the pre-menstrual, menstrual and follicular phases of their regular reproductive cycles. The menstrual phases were determined by the calendar method. The baseline level of anxiety was measured through the "Beck Anxiety Inventory:' (BAl) before the VRSCWT. The VSC (ppb-halimeter), salivary flow (mL/min), total salivary protein concentration (mg/mL), systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP, DBP, mmHg), heart rate (HR, bpm) and salivary cortisol (ug/dL) measurements were performed before and after the application of the VRSCWT. Data were compared by Analysis of Variance (p<0.05). According to BAl, none of the volunteers presented any anxiety disorder diagnosis. During basal situation, VSC was higher during the menstrual (131 ± 14) and pre-menstrual (124± 15) phases when compared to men (85± 15) and women in follicular (123 ±15) phase (p<0.05). Salivary flow was lower duting pre-menstrual phase (0.26 ± 0.04; p<0.05) than menstrual (0.31 ± 0.04), follicular (0.33 ±0.05) phases and also compared to men (0.40 ± 0.04). Total salivary protein concentration was higher in men (1.00 ± 0.18, p>0.05) as compared to women in any menstrual phase (menstrual = 0.77 ± 0.12; pre-menstrual = 0.71 ±0.06; follicular = 0.78 ±0.18). SBP was higher in men (125 ± 2) as compared to women (pre-menstrual = 108 ± 2; menstrual = 110 ± 2; follicular = 111 ± 2). Heart rate was lower in men (69 ± 1) as compared to women in any phase of the menstrual cyc1e (pre-menstrual = 80 ± 2; menstrual = 77 ± 3; follicular =80 ± 3). Salivary cortisol was higher in women during menstrual phase (1.7 ± 0.2) in comparison with men (1.3 ± 0.07) and women in pre-menstrual (1.3±0.13) and follicular (1.4 ±0.19) phases. In men, the VRSCWT induced an increase in oral concentration of VSC (97 ±11, p<0.05) without changes in salivary flow (0.40 ±0.03) and protein concentration (1.00 ± 0.06) (p>0.05). These changes were associated with increases of SBP (128±1) and heart rate (74± 1) (p<0.05). Gn the contrary, in women, no differences in any parameter were observed after the VRSCWT (p>0.05). The results of the present study showed that, in men, the anxiety might contribute to production of VSC. Also, the hormonal status of men and women might be involved in this process / Doutorado / Fisiologia Oral / Doutor em Odontologia

Metallic flavors are of concern for many industries including food, health, and water. Metallic off-flavor, induced by ferrous sulfate solution (10mg/L), and its remediation using pre- and post-rinse treatments of water (control) or metal chelators, were studied. Metal chelators included lactoferrin (1 ?M), a natural metal-binding protein in milk and saliva, and EDTA (36 ?M), a synthetic chelator. Time-intensity (TI) evaluation (n=6, 4 female; age 40-70) of lingering metallic flavor indicated that metallic flavor decreased with a post-rinse adjuvant treatment of lactoferrin as indicated by a reduced maximum intensity and area under the curve compared to a pre-rinse treatment; EDTA and water post-rinses were equally effective for three of the TI parameters. Alterations in salivary components were studied in saliva collected (n=8; 5 female, age 40-70) after sipping a lactoferrin solution (1?M) followed with a ferrous sulfate sample (10 mg/ml) to stimulate metallic flavor, as compared to unstimulated whole saliva. Protein concentration, oral lipid oxidation as indicated by thiobarbituric acid reactive substances assay, and iron concentration were determined on individual saliva samples, with no significant differences found between treatments (p>0.05). Protein patterns were qualitatively characterized for each pre-rinse and metallic stimuli from four panelists by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. A consistent pattern of regions containing major salivary components was observed. This research has shown that lactoferrin protein is a potential natural alternative to synthetic EDTA for reducing iron-induced metallic off-flavors. This study provides a foundation of method development to better understand salivary protein interaction with metals and flavor perception. / Master of Science in Life Sciences