Two novel clock feedthrough compensation circuits for switched - current (SI) memory cells are proposed to reduce the clock feedthrough error. One is a current compensation first generation SI memory cell and another is an error voltage reduction second generation SI memory cell. Both circuits are designed using a 0.5£gm UMC CMOS process. In this study, the first circuit has obtained an accuracy about 0.1% error with a frequency of 5MHz, and the second circuit has achieved 0.12% error in accuracy with 10.5MHz in frequency. The results are obtained by SPICE simulates.

The digital product increases widely and vastly. We need a converter to change analog signal to digital one. However, the requirement of analog-to-digital converter is rising due to progress of DSP (Digital Signal Processor). In most ADC structure there have an important building block called the front-end sample-and-hold circuit (SHA) . I will design and implement a high speed and low power sample and hold circuit. In this thesis, the circuits are designed with UMC 90nm 1P9M CMOS process and 1.2V of supply voltage. The speed and resolution of SHA are 100Ms/s and 10bits individually. The circuit is implemented with class AB amplifier.

abstract: The front end of almost all ADCs consists of a Sample and Hold Circuit in order to make sure a constant analog value is digitized at the end of ADC. The design of Track and Hold Circuit (THA) mainly focuses on following parameters: Input frequency, Sampling frequency, dynamic Range, hold pedestal, feed through error. This thesis will discuss the importance of these parameters of a THA to the ADCs and commonly used architectures of THA. A new architecture with SiGe HBT transistors in BiCMOS 130 nm technology is presented here. The proposed topology without complicated circuitry achieves high Spurious Free Dynamic Range(SFDR) and Total Harmonic Distortion (THD).These are important figure of merits for any THA which gives a measure of non-linearity of the circuit. The proposed topology is implemented in IBM8HP 130 nm BiCMOS process combines typical emitter follower switch in bipolar THAs and output steering technique proposed in the previous work. With these techniques and the cascode transistor in the input which is used to isolate the switch from the input during the hold mode, better results have been achieved. The THA is designed to work with maximum input frequency of 250 MHz at sampling frequency of 500 MHz with input currents not more than 5mA achieving an SFDR of 78.49 dB. Simulation and results are presented, illustrating the advantages and trade-offs of the proposed topology. / Dissertation/Thesis / M.S. Electrical Engineering 2012

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In this thesis, a switched-current sample-and-hold circuit is proposed. We use feedback circuit to decrease the input impedance and to reduce the transmission error in SI cell. Furthermore, the entire memory cell is designed in a coupled differential replicate form to eliminate the clock feedthrough (CFT) error. The sample-and-hold circuit is simulated using the parameters of TSMC 0.35£gm CMOS process. The simulation results show that the spurious-free dynamic range (SFDR) is 55 dB, the sampling rate is 40MHz, the power consumption is 0.38 mW, and the power supply is 1.5V. Furthermore, the circuit is verified by cadence-hspice simulation.

Pour les applications radioastronomiques, l'interface entre les mondes analogique et numérique est primordiale. Les convertisseurs analogique-numérique (CAN) doivent atteindre une forte résolution et un taux d'échantillonnage de plus en plus élevé pour numériser la plus grande bande passante possible. Pour le futur radiotélescope géant international SKA (Square Kilometer Array), la bande passante requise s'étend de 100 à 1500 MHz. L'objectif de ce mémoire est de concevoir et réaliser un CAN avec la technologie Qubic4X 0,25 µm en SiGeC, capable de dépasser le giga échantillon par seconde (GS/s) pour numériser toute la bande passante, pour des réseaux phasés denses. Deux études de CAN font l'objet de cette thèse. Dans le cadre de ce projet, nous avons analysé les différents blocs afin de minimiser les erreurs statiques et dynamiques pour une architecture parallèle 6 bits. Un premier CAN 6~bits en BiCMOS fonctionnant à une cadence de 1 GS/s a été étudié, réalisé et testé. Les simulations « post-layout » montrent un nombre de bits effectif de 4,6 bits pour une fréquence d'entrée de 400 MHz. La conception du masque permet de tester la puce. Ainsi, la sortie permet de valider le design. Les tests démontrent que le CAN opère à une fréquence maximale de 850 MS/s avec une bande passante de 400~MHz. Cependant, des erreurs persistent empêchant l'utilisation du circuit en raioastronomie. Le CAN consomme 2 Watts. Cette forte consommation est due aux interfaces d'entrées-sorties. Le second CAN bipolaire 6 bits fonctionne à une cadence de 3 GS/s. Ce convertisseur à architecture parallèle est entièrement conçu avec des topologies différentielles bipolaires. La partie numérique utilise une logique à émetteur couplé (ECL). Nous obtenons ainsi pour le second CAN une cadence de conversion élevée. Les simulations « post-layout » montrent que le CAN peut fonctionner à une fréquence de 3 GS/s, nous obtenons ainsi une bande passante de 1400 MHz. Les résultats dynamiques indiquent un nombre effectif de 5 bits pour une consommation de 3 Watts. / For applications in radio astronomy, the interface between the analog and digital domains is of primary concern. Analog-to-Digital Converters (ADC) must be capable of high resolution and extremely high sampling speeds in order to achieve the largest possible band width. For the future giant international radio telescope called the Square Kilometer Array (SKA), the bandwidth required is between 100 and 1500~MHz. The subject of the present thesis is to design and manufacture an ADC using the Qubic4X 0.25 µm technology in SiGeC capable of surpassing giga-samples per second (GS/s) in order to digitise the entire passband for dense phased-arrays. Two ADC designs are presented here. For this project, we analysed different design blocks with the goal of reducing static and dynamic errors in a 6-bit parallel architecture. The first 6-bit ADC which was designed, manufactured, and tested, was in BiCMOS and operated at 1 GS/s. The post-layout simulations showed the effective number of bits to be 4.6 bits with a 400 MHz input frequency. The mask design allowed for testing the chip. In this way, the output validates the design. Tests show that the ADC operates up to a maximum frequency of 850 MS/s with a passband of 400 MHz. However, there are some errors which make the current circuit unusable for astronomy purposes. The ADC runs on 2 Watts. The high power consumption is due to the input and output stages. The second 6-bit bipolar ADC operates at 3 GS/s. It is designed with a parallel architecture entirely using a bipolar differential topology. The digital part uses Emitter Coupled Logic (ECL). With this second chip, we obtain high speed conversion. Post-layout simulations show that the ADC can operate up to 3 GS/s, and we thus obtain a passband of 1400 MHz. Dynamic measurements indicate an effective number of bits of 5 bits with a power consumption of 3 Watts.

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In this thesis, a switched-current sigma-delta modulator (SDM) with op-amp active integrator is proposed. The major study is focused on using the op-amp to reduce the input impedance for high speed and high solution and utilizes the dummy switch to decrease the clock feedthrough (CFT) error. We use a sample-and-hold circuit which consists of an op-amp active memory cell and a dummy switch circuit to implement the integrator. It is applied to the building blocks of SDM. The modulator is a second order sigma-delta modulator. A current comparator transforms the current signal into digital voltage signal. A single-bit digital-to-analog (D/A) feedback circuit is used to convert the one-bit digital output to the SI integrator .The modulator is designed in the current mode technique. The delta-sigma modulator simulates using the parameters of the TSMC 0.35£gm CMOS process. The simulation results show that the signal to noise plus distortion ratio (SNDR) is 72 dB, the sampling rate is 10.24MHz, the oversampling ratio is 128, the power consumption is 21mW, the dynamic range is about 70dB, and the power supply is 3.3V. Furthermore, the circuit is verified by cadence-hspice simulation.

Analog to digital converters (ADCs) are the fundamental building blocks in communication systems. The need to design ADCs, which are area and/or power efficient, has been common. Various ADC architectures, constrained by resolution capabilities, can be used for this purpose. The cyclic algorithmic architecture of ADC with moderate number of bits comes out to be probably best choice for the minimum area implementation. In this thesis a cyclic ADC is designed using CMOS 65 nm technology. The ADC high-level model is thoroughly explored and its functional blocks are modelled to attain the best possible performance. In particular, the nonlinearities which affect the cyclic/algorithmic converter are discussed. This ADC has been designed for built-in-self-testing (BiST) on a chip. It is only functional during the testing phase, so power dissipation is not a constraint while designing it. As it is supposed to be integrated as an extra circuitry on a chip, its area really matters. The ADC is designed as 10-bit fully differential switch-capacitor (SC) circuit using 65nm CMOS process with 1.2V power supply. A two stage Operational Transconductance Amplifier (OTA) is used in this design to provide sufficient voltage gain. The first stage is a telescopic OTA whereas the second is a common source amplifier. The bottom plate sampling is used to minimize the charge injection effect which is present in the switches.

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