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Rheological properties of mortars prepared with different sandsGanaw, Abdelhamed I., Ashour, Ashraf 09 1900 (has links)
Yes / The principal aim of this paper is to investigate the effect of sand grading, surface morphology, and content on the rheological properties—that is, yield stress and plastic viscosity—of fresh mortar. Mortars were produced from four different types of sand at two volumetric cement-sand ratios of 1/0.9 and 1/0.6. Each blend was prepared with five water-cement ratios of 0.60, 0.55, 0.50, 0.45, and 0.40. The rheometer was used to determine yield stress and plastic viscosity parameters of each cement paste and mortar. Test results show that the relative yield stress and plastic viscosity of mortar to cement paste is inversely proportional to the excess paste thickness up to low values, below which the surface texture of sand particles becomes significant.
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La chasteté féminine dans quelques oeuvres de George SandPoulin, Chantal January 1994 (has links)
Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.
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Le discours sandien sur l'autobiographie ou le paradoxe de l'autobiographe masquéAbdelmoumen, Mélikah January 1996 (has links)
Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.
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Glen Meyer : people in transitionWilliamson, R. F. (Ronald F.) January 1985 (has links)
No description available.
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Perfil ambiental dos processos de fundição ferrosa que utilizam areias no estado do Rio Grande do SulAdegas, Roseane Gonçalves January 2007 (has links)
Este trabalho teve como objetivo traçar um panorama do gerenciamento dos processos das indústrias de fundição ferrosa no estado do Rio Grande do Sul que utilizam areias de fundição, com ênfase nas alternativas buscadas por estas empresas quanto à minimização, recuperação e destinação final dada às areias usadas. Esta avaliação foi feita enfocando desde a recepção das areias virgens, armazenamento, preparação da mistura para fabricação dos moldes e machos, até o descarte nos setores de desmoldagem e retirada dos fundidos, recuperação e reutilização das areias no próprio processo ou descarte, e a procura de possibilidades de reúso em outros processos. No gerenciamento dos processos foram abordadas ainda, questões relativas às emissões geradas durante o manuseio, armazenamento, mistura, operações de moldagem e macharia, bem como no resfriamento e desmoldagem. Procurou-se relacionar o gerenciamento ambiental adequado dos processos acima mencionados ao licenciamento ambiental e à existência de certificação ambiental. O trabalho iniciou com pesquisa no Banco de Dados da FEPAM, sendo verificado o número de fundições no estado, elaborados e enviados questionários para essas empresas, utilizando-se o método survey. Os resultados obtidos possuem uma boa representatividade, considerando resposta de 85% dos mesmos. Através dos resultados verificou-se que, apesar de 81% das empresas descartarem as areias geradas em aterros industriais licenciados pelo FEPAM, somente uma delas está procurando alternativas de reúso das areias geradas. Também verificou-se que não há uma preocupação com a minimização da geração desses resíduos. O licenciamento ambiental no Rio Grande do Sul é hoje a única ferramenta através da qual é possível exigir das empresas a adequação de suas atividades de forma a não impactar o meio ambiente. Quanto às demais questões ambientais relacionadas aos processos envolvendo areias, a percepção das empresas ainda é bastante incipiente. / This work aimed to present a preliminary evaluation of foundry sand processes management in Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil, with emphasis in alternatives related to sand reduce, regeneration e final destination. This evaluation was made with focuse since sands reception, their storage and preparation, till the discharge in the shakeout system, regeneration e their reuse. It also aims to relate the proper waste management to environmental license as well to the existence of environmental certification. Attempt was made to verify if the companies, in regard of their costs with new sand and molding sand disposal in specialized landfills, as well as to the requirements of environmental agency, are working in sense of seeking and implant new recycling technologies and reuse of used sands. In adition to that, it was verified if it would exist a relation between environmental license and/or certification with the sand used correct management and proper foundry sand destination. Or still, within the approach of cleaner technologies and best available techniques if the alternatives for recycling sand into their own processes or reuse in other process are being pursuited. Within the sand management, it was still approached questions related to emissions generated during handling, storage, mixing, molding and coremaking, as well as cooling and shaking. This work was developed inicially through research on FEPAM, the environmental state agency, database, where it was verified the number of foundry industries in Rio Grande do Sul state, being elaborated and sent to the companies, questionnaires using the survey method. The gotten results have good representation considering that 85% of the questionnaires had been answered.Through the gotten results it was verified that, although 82% of the companies discharge used sands in licensed landfills, in accord with regulamentation, only one of them is seeking for reuse alternatives out of the process. It also was verified that there isn’t any concernig about reducing the sand generation. The environmental licence here in Rio Grande do Sul is in fact, the only way to make the companies adequate their installations aiming at environmental protection. To the other questions related to the processes using sands, the companies perception are very incipient. Read more
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Perfil ambiental dos processos de fundição ferrosa que utilizam areias no estado do Rio Grande do SulAdegas, Roseane Gonçalves January 2007 (has links)
Este trabalho teve como objetivo traçar um panorama do gerenciamento dos processos das indústrias de fundição ferrosa no estado do Rio Grande do Sul que utilizam areias de fundição, com ênfase nas alternativas buscadas por estas empresas quanto à minimização, recuperação e destinação final dada às areias usadas. Esta avaliação foi feita enfocando desde a recepção das areias virgens, armazenamento, preparação da mistura para fabricação dos moldes e machos, até o descarte nos setores de desmoldagem e retirada dos fundidos, recuperação e reutilização das areias no próprio processo ou descarte, e a procura de possibilidades de reúso em outros processos. No gerenciamento dos processos foram abordadas ainda, questões relativas às emissões geradas durante o manuseio, armazenamento, mistura, operações de moldagem e macharia, bem como no resfriamento e desmoldagem. Procurou-se relacionar o gerenciamento ambiental adequado dos processos acima mencionados ao licenciamento ambiental e à existência de certificação ambiental. O trabalho iniciou com pesquisa no Banco de Dados da FEPAM, sendo verificado o número de fundições no estado, elaborados e enviados questionários para essas empresas, utilizando-se o método survey. Os resultados obtidos possuem uma boa representatividade, considerando resposta de 85% dos mesmos. Através dos resultados verificou-se que, apesar de 81% das empresas descartarem as areias geradas em aterros industriais licenciados pelo FEPAM, somente uma delas está procurando alternativas de reúso das areias geradas. Também verificou-se que não há uma preocupação com a minimização da geração desses resíduos. O licenciamento ambiental no Rio Grande do Sul é hoje a única ferramenta através da qual é possível exigir das empresas a adequação de suas atividades de forma a não impactar o meio ambiente. Quanto às demais questões ambientais relacionadas aos processos envolvendo areias, a percepção das empresas ainda é bastante incipiente. / This work aimed to present a preliminary evaluation of foundry sand processes management in Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil, with emphasis in alternatives related to sand reduce, regeneration e final destination. This evaluation was made with focuse since sands reception, their storage and preparation, till the discharge in the shakeout system, regeneration e their reuse. It also aims to relate the proper waste management to environmental license as well to the existence of environmental certification. Attempt was made to verify if the companies, in regard of their costs with new sand and molding sand disposal in specialized landfills, as well as to the requirements of environmental agency, are working in sense of seeking and implant new recycling technologies and reuse of used sands. In adition to that, it was verified if it would exist a relation between environmental license and/or certification with the sand used correct management and proper foundry sand destination. Or still, within the approach of cleaner technologies and best available techniques if the alternatives for recycling sand into their own processes or reuse in other process are being pursuited. Within the sand management, it was still approached questions related to emissions generated during handling, storage, mixing, molding and coremaking, as well as cooling and shaking. This work was developed inicially through research on FEPAM, the environmental state agency, database, where it was verified the number of foundry industries in Rio Grande do Sul state, being elaborated and sent to the companies, questionnaires using the survey method. The gotten results have good representation considering that 85% of the questionnaires had been answered.Through the gotten results it was verified that, although 82% of the companies discharge used sands in licensed landfills, in accord with regulamentation, only one of them is seeking for reuse alternatives out of the process. It also was verified that there isn’t any concernig about reducing the sand generation. The environmental licence here in Rio Grande do Sul is in fact, the only way to make the companies adequate their installations aiming at environmental protection. To the other questions related to the processes using sands, the companies perception are very incipient. Read more
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Perfil ambiental dos processos de fundição ferrosa que utilizam areias no estado do Rio Grande do SulAdegas, Roseane Gonçalves January 2007 (has links)
Este trabalho teve como objetivo traçar um panorama do gerenciamento dos processos das indústrias de fundição ferrosa no estado do Rio Grande do Sul que utilizam areias de fundição, com ênfase nas alternativas buscadas por estas empresas quanto à minimização, recuperação e destinação final dada às areias usadas. Esta avaliação foi feita enfocando desde a recepção das areias virgens, armazenamento, preparação da mistura para fabricação dos moldes e machos, até o descarte nos setores de desmoldagem e retirada dos fundidos, recuperação e reutilização das areias no próprio processo ou descarte, e a procura de possibilidades de reúso em outros processos. No gerenciamento dos processos foram abordadas ainda, questões relativas às emissões geradas durante o manuseio, armazenamento, mistura, operações de moldagem e macharia, bem como no resfriamento e desmoldagem. Procurou-se relacionar o gerenciamento ambiental adequado dos processos acima mencionados ao licenciamento ambiental e à existência de certificação ambiental. O trabalho iniciou com pesquisa no Banco de Dados da FEPAM, sendo verificado o número de fundições no estado, elaborados e enviados questionários para essas empresas, utilizando-se o método survey. Os resultados obtidos possuem uma boa representatividade, considerando resposta de 85% dos mesmos. Através dos resultados verificou-se que, apesar de 81% das empresas descartarem as areias geradas em aterros industriais licenciados pelo FEPAM, somente uma delas está procurando alternativas de reúso das areias geradas. Também verificou-se que não há uma preocupação com a minimização da geração desses resíduos. O licenciamento ambiental no Rio Grande do Sul é hoje a única ferramenta através da qual é possível exigir das empresas a adequação de suas atividades de forma a não impactar o meio ambiente. Quanto às demais questões ambientais relacionadas aos processos envolvendo areias, a percepção das empresas ainda é bastante incipiente. / This work aimed to present a preliminary evaluation of foundry sand processes management in Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil, with emphasis in alternatives related to sand reduce, regeneration e final destination. This evaluation was made with focuse since sands reception, their storage and preparation, till the discharge in the shakeout system, regeneration e their reuse. It also aims to relate the proper waste management to environmental license as well to the existence of environmental certification. Attempt was made to verify if the companies, in regard of their costs with new sand and molding sand disposal in specialized landfills, as well as to the requirements of environmental agency, are working in sense of seeking and implant new recycling technologies and reuse of used sands. In adition to that, it was verified if it would exist a relation between environmental license and/or certification with the sand used correct management and proper foundry sand destination. Or still, within the approach of cleaner technologies and best available techniques if the alternatives for recycling sand into their own processes or reuse in other process are being pursuited. Within the sand management, it was still approached questions related to emissions generated during handling, storage, mixing, molding and coremaking, as well as cooling and shaking. This work was developed inicially through research on FEPAM, the environmental state agency, database, where it was verified the number of foundry industries in Rio Grande do Sul state, being elaborated and sent to the companies, questionnaires using the survey method. The gotten results have good representation considering that 85% of the questionnaires had been answered.Through the gotten results it was verified that, although 82% of the companies discharge used sands in licensed landfills, in accord with regulamentation, only one of them is seeking for reuse alternatives out of the process. It also was verified that there isn’t any concernig about reducing the sand generation. The environmental licence here in Rio Grande do Sul is in fact, the only way to make the companies adequate their installations aiming at environmental protection. To the other questions related to the processes using sands, the companies perception are very incipient. Read more
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Shaking Table Tests to Study the Influence of Ground Motion, Soil and Site Parameters on the Initiation of Liquefaction in SandsVarghese, Renjitha Mary January 2014 (has links) (PDF)
Liquefaction is a phenomenon in which soil loses a large percentage of its shear resistance due to increased pore water pressure and flows like a liquid. Undrained cyclic loading conditions during earthquakes cause liquefaction of soils, which can lead to catastrophic failures such as bearing capacity failures, slope failures and lateral spreads. The concepts and mechanisms of liquefaction were studied extensively by many researchers. Though the factors affecting the liquefaction response of soils during earthquakes are well documented in literature, there are still some gray areas in understanding the individual and combined effects of factors like frequency, gradation, fines content and surcharge pressure on the initiation of liquefaction. The objective of this thesis is to study the influence of ground motion, soil and site parameters on the initiation of liquefaction in saturated sand beds through laboratory shaking table model tests and numerical studies.
Shaking table tests are carried out using a uniaxial shaking table on sand beds of 600 mm thickness. The initiation of liquefaction was observed and identified by measuring the pore water pressure developed during the sinusoidal cyclic loading. Free field liquefaction studies are carried out on sand beds to study the influence of ground motion parameters, namely, input acceleration and frequency of shaking on liquefaction. These studies revealed that acceleration is one of the important parameters that can affect the initiation of liquefaction in sands. Increase in acceleration reduces the liquefaction resistance of sand and a small increase in acceleration can trigger liquefaction. Frequency of shaking did not affect the initiation of liquefaction at lower frequencies but a threshold frequency which triggered instant increase in the excess pore pressures is observed. Liquefaction caused slight initial amplification followed by de-amplification of accelerations due to the stiffness
reduction in soils during liquefaction, the effect being more pronounced in the top layers of the sand bed. Pore water pressure ratios during dynamic loading decreased with depth below the surface of the sand bed due to the low initial effective vertical stress and upward transmission of pore pressure during undrained loading.
Shaking table tests are carried out to study the influence of soil parameters such as relative density, thickness of dry overlying sand layer and gradation. Relative density of sand can influence the liquefaction potential of sand to a great extent, about 10% increase in relative density bringing down the probability of liquefaction by about 50%. With the increase in height of dry overlying sand layer, liquefaction potential has decreased nonlinearly. Change in grain size altered the pattern of liquefaction and pore pressure development and it is observed that the liquefaction in finer sands is influenced by the frequency of shaking to a larger extent. Surcharge pressure from building loads increased the liquefaction potential and heavier structures got liquefied at lower pore water pressure ratios. Significant post-liquefaction de-amplification was observed in sand beds with surcharge pressure.
Parametric numerical analyses are carried out using finite difference program FLAC (Fast Lagrangian Analysis of Continua) with FINN model to measure pore water pressures in the sand bed. Results from numerical analyses with change in the acceleration, surcharge pressure and thickness of dry overlying layer agreed well with the experimental results. However, effect of frequency in numerical studies did not match with the experimental observations, because of the inherent boundary effects in the experimental models. Results from this thesis provided important insights into the development of pore water pressures in sand beds during cyclic loading events, apart from enhancing the understanding towards the effect of various ground motion, site and soil parameters on the initiation of liquefaction in sand beds. Read more
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Coastal dune ecology and management in the Eastern CapeAvis, Anthony Mark January 1993 (has links)
The importance of understanding the ecological functioning of coastal dune systems is emphasized as being fundamental to the correct management of the dune landscape. Dune vegetation along the Eastern Cape coastline, from Cape St Francis in the west to Kei Mouth in the east was described in terms of the distribution and phytochorological affinities of the taxa. At a regional scale species distribution was strongly influenced by both the climate, particularly rainfall, and the phytochorological affinities of the taxa. Seven communities were defined using TWINSPAN, and the interrelationships between these communities in anyone area appeared to be linked to a successional gradient. Dune Slacks are thought to play a key role in this successional sequence, and a temporal study of this community led to a conceptual model of plant succession in these dunefields. Climate, particularly rainfall and wind, are major factors influencing plant succession. Wind-borne sand causes the slacks to migrate in an easterly direction under the influence of the predominantly westerly winds, although easterly winds, mainly in summer months may reverse these trends. Autogenic changes appeared to be important in this succession, and a comparative study of a good example of a primary succession at Mtunzini in Natal was undertaken to elucidate the main mechanism of change. Eight communities that were identified here were concluded to be distnbuted along a gradient of increasing age, with successional changes predictable, linear and directional. Species were grouped in distinct zones along the continuum and edaphic changes (decrease in soil pH, increase in organic matter and exchangeable bases) were related to the community based changes in species composition. The mechanism of change supported the facilitation model of plant succession which is a modification of the original Clementsian concept. Similar results were found in the Eastern Cape, but due to the harsh environment, multiple pathways of succession exist. Data from this study lent support to the model of plant succession developed earlier, and confinned that the dune slacks played an important role in this facilitation by acting as centres of diversity. The foredunes were found to have an indirect role in protecting these slacks from salt spray and sand movement. The central theme of the management studies was to investigate the ecological consequences of recreational pressure within the dune environment. Current levels of beach utilization at East London were lower than other beaches in South Africa, but a general trend of increasing utilization due to sociopolitical changes can be expected. The suitability of questionnaire surveys to assess aspects such as the adequacy of facilities, perceptual carrying capacity and the beach users opinion of natural vegetation and preference for particular beaches was demonstrated. The dune vegetation was found to be sensitive to human trampling, but at current levels, the ecological carrying capacity will not be exceeded since results of the aerial census counts and questionnaire survey revealed that few people entered sensitive zones such as the coastal forest. More detailed long term studies on the susceptibility of dune vegetation to both trampling and off-road vehicle impacts revealed a low resilience of dune plant communities to these effects. Although susceptibility differed between the three communities tested, generally the greatest amount of damage occurred after the first few passages, and vehicles caused a more significant decrease in height when compared to trampling. Recovery rates were slow and low levels of repeated damage were sufficient to retard or prevent the recovery of the plants. Stricter control of vehicle use on beaches is therefore required, and in high use zones the ecological carrying capacity should be increased by providing access tracks if possible, or if not possible, by restricting access. A historical account of the process of dune stabilization showed that although first initiated in 1845, indigenous species were only used in the past three decades. The use of alien species has resulted in problems such as a reduction in the ecological integrity and aesthetic appeal of coastal systems. The techniques applied in the stabilization of drift sands with indigenous vegetation have been successful, as revealed by a quantitative survey of 17 sites in the Eastern Cape. Sites were grouped by multivariate analysis on the basis of their species composition, and variability between sites was dependent on the types of species planted. Selection of suitable species is therefore important and is discussed with respect to their natural distribution along the coast. The long term objective of stabilization should be the creation of functional, diverse, aesthetic ecosystems, since the intrinsic and economic value of the dune landscape for tourism lies therein. However, detailed studies should be undertaken prior to implementing a manipulative process such as dune stabilization, since ecological processes may be disrupted. An understanding of such processes is therefore important if one wishes to effectively manage the dune landscape. Read more
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Shear Behaviour of Sand-geosynthetic Interfaces Based on Size And Morphology of Sand Particles and Surface Roughness of GeosyntheticsVangla, Prashanth January 2016 (has links) (PDF)
Geosynthetics are used in conjunction with soil/particulate materials to serve various functions like reinforcement, drainage, filtration and containment. The shear behavior of soil-geosynthetic interfaces hugely depends upon on the morphological properties of particulate materials and surface characteristics of geosynthetics. However, many researchers have ignored the effects of morphology, owing to the difficulty in finding the morphological characteristics of sand particles. Few of them used visual, manual and imaged based quantifications, which are not very effective. Also, the effects of particle size and morphology are often combined and the individual effect of these parameters cannot be easily separated. In addition to this, there are very few studies which have given importance to quantitative understanding of surface features/roughness of geosynthetics and almost all of them are limited to 2D surface measurements.
The objective of this thesis is to understand the interface shear mechanisms of sand-geosynthetic systems through modified large interface direct shear tests coupled with morphological characterization of sands using advanced image based and optical techniques and surface topographical analysis of geosynthetics using 3D interferometry. The individual effects of particle size and morphology on interface shear mechanism are investigated by carefully selecting the sands having specific size fractions and different morphological characteristics.
A new computational method based on image analysis is proposed in this study to quantify the morphology of sands (roundness, sphericity and roughness) more accurately by writing several algorithms and implementing them in MATLAB. The roundness and sphericity of sand particles in this method are quantified as per Wadell (1932) and Krumbein and Sloss (1963) respectively and the root mean square roughness is used as a measure of surface roughness. Out of total four sands, namely coarse sand (CS), medium sand (MS), fine sand (FS) and angular coarse sand (ACS) used in this study, CS, MS and FS have similar morphology and different particle sizes, whereas CS and ACS have same size and dissimilar morphology. The effects of size and morphology of sand particles on the interface shear behavior are examined through direct shear tests on dilative and non-dilative interfaces.
After examining the boundary effects on deformation patterns analyzed using shear bands in conventional, fixed box and symmetric interface direct shear tests, symmetric interface direct shear test is observed to show uniformity in stresses and deformations across the shear box and hence the same is adopted in this thesis. Test results revealed that the peak interface friction and dilation angles in case of dilative interfaces are hugely dependent upon the interlocking between the sand particles and the asperities of geosynthetic material, which in turn depend on the relative size of sand particles and asperities. Highest interface shear strength is observed when the asperity size of the geosynthetic material matches with the mean particle size of sand, which is also manifested in terms of highest shear band thickness.
Direct shear tests on non-dilative interfaces (sand-smooth geomembrane) revealed that interface friction angle depends on the number of effective contacts rather than the particle size. Morphology of sands is found to have major influence on the interface shear strength among all the parameters investigated. Results from interface shear tests are examined in the light of topographical analysis of sand particles and shear induced surface changes in geomembrane. Possible shearing mechanisms at the interface and the influence of particle size, morphology and normal stress on sliding or plowing are brought out from 3D surface roughness measurements using 3D optical profilometer. The stress-shear displacement response of sand-geomembrane interfaces are correlated to the surface changes on sheared geomembranes through visual observations and roughness quantifications. Medium sand used in this study could make more number of effective contacts with deeper grooves, resulting in highest interface friction. The number of grooves are less in case of coarse sand and the depth of grooves is less in case of fine sand, resulting in lesser interface friction for these two sands compared to medium sand, supporting the results of interface shear tests. Read more
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