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Thesis (Ph.D.) - James Cook University, 2003. / Typescript (photocopy). Bibliography: leaves [318]-342.

Thesis (M.A.)--University of Delaware, 2008. / Principal faculty advisor: J. Ritchie Garrison, Winterthur Program in Early American Culture. Includes bibliographical references.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:32:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2006-10-26Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T21:05:13Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 wellbaum_c_dr_rcla.pdf: 1434990 bytes, checksum: 675e636851cc599591f7297d59472801 (MD5) / Na área de cerrado, município de Corumbatai, SP, foram isoladas 267 linhagens de fungos filamentosos em amostras de solo, coletadas no inverno (2002) e no verão (2003), pelos métodos da Técnica da placa-de-solo e Técnica da diluição em série. Destas, 12 linhagens foram consideradas potenciais produtoras de ácidos Á-linolenico (AGL) e araquidônico (AA) por pertencerem a ordem Mucorales. Foram realizados ensaios preliminares para avaliar a eficiência de diversos protocolos de extração de ácidos graxos dos fungos. Foram testadas modificações de metodologias tradicionais, adicionando uma ou duas vezes a solução extratora de metanol-cloroformio-água (2,0:1,0:0,8 v/v) a biomassa úmida, congelada, liofilizada, seca e/ou macerada. De acordo com os resultados obtidos, optou-se por utilizar a biomassa liofilizada, tratada duas vezes com a solução extratora. Os extratos resultantes foram transesterificados e analisados por cromatografia gasosa. Algumas linhagens foram cultivadas em erlenmeyeres de 125mL e 250mL, contendo respectivamente 50mL e 100mL de meio de cultura líquido de extrato de malte a 2%, durante 6 dias sob agitação, a 25C. Foi observado que a linhagem MX produziu maior quantidade de AGL, apresentando médias de 61,9mg.L-1e 55,7mgEL-1, respectivamente, em frascos de 250mL e 125mL. Maior produção de AA foi verificada na linhagem M132, cuja média foi de 0,3mgEL-1. As linhagens MX, M131 e M132 foram também cultivadas em frascos de 125mL contendo 50mL de meio líquido de extrato-de-malte suplementado com óleo de girassol a 2% e 1% de extrato de levedura. Nestes, as maiores quantidades médias de AGL, 201,62mgEL-1, e de AA, 3,12mgEL-1, foram observadas no cultivo da linhagem M131, sendo estes valores 1.311,15% e 1011,37% maiores em relação aqueles verificados em meio de extrato de malte. / In the savannah area, municipal district of Corumbatai, state of Sao Paulo, 267 fungi strains were isolated in soil samples collected, in the winter (2002) and in the summer (2003), with the gsoil plate methodh and serial dilution method. Twelve strains were considered potential producers of Á-linolenic acid (GLA) and arachidonic acid (AA) for belonging to the order Mucorales. Preliminary experiments were accomplished to evaluate the efficiency of several protocols of extraction of fatty acids from fungi. Modifications of traditional methodologies were tested, adding one or twice the solvent solution of methanol-chloroform-water (2.0:1.0:0.8 v/v) to the wet, frozen, freeze-dried, dried and/or disrupted biomass. In agreement with the obtained results, the biomass was freeze-dried and treated twice with the solvent solution. The resulting extracts were transesterified and analized by gas cromatography Some strains were cultivated in shake flasks of 125mL and 250mL, containing respectively 50mL and 100mL of liquid malt extract culture media (2%), for 6 days under agitation, at 25C. It was observed that the strain MX produced larger amounts of GLA, mean of 61.9mgEL-1 and 55.7mgEL-1, respectively, in shake flasks of 250mL and 125mL. Higher production of AA was verified in the strain M132, mean of 0.3mgEL-1. The srains MX, M131 and M132 were also cultivated in shake flasks of 125mL containing 50mL of liquid malt extract media enhanced with sunflower oil (2%) and yeast extract (1%). In these the largest amounts of GLA, mean of 201.62mgEL-1, and of AA, mean of 3.12mgEL-1, were observed in the cultivation of the strain M131, these values being 1,311.15% and 1,011.37% larger in relation to those verified in same strain cultivated in malt extract media. The three strains were grown in Bioreactor with capacity of 2L containing 1L of malt extract media (2%) added or not with sunflower oil (2%).

Orientador: Sâmia Maria Tauk-Tornisielo / Banca: Jorge Horri / Banca: Sandra Regina Ceccato Antonini / Banca: Eleonora Cano Carmona / Banca: Luis Henrique Souza Guimarães / Resumo: Na área de cerrado, município de Corumbatai, SP, foram isoladas 267 linhagens de fungos filamentosos em amostras de solo, coletadas no inverno (2002) e no verão (2003), pelos métodos da Técnica da placa-de-solo e Técnica da diluição em série. Destas, 12 linhagens foram consideradas potenciais produtoras de ácidos Á-linolenico (AGL) e araquidônico (AA) por pertencerem a ordem Mucorales. Foram realizados ensaios preliminares para avaliar a eficiência de diversos protocolos de extração de ácidos graxos dos fungos. Foram testadas modificações de metodologias tradicionais, adicionando uma ou duas vezes a solução extratora de metanol-cloroformio-água (2,0:1,0:0,8 v/v) a biomassa úmida, congelada, liofilizada, seca e/ou macerada. De acordo com os resultados obtidos, optou-se por utilizar a biomassa liofilizada, tratada duas vezes com a solução extratora. Os extratos resultantes foram transesterificados e analisados por cromatografia gasosa. Algumas linhagens foram cultivadas em erlenmeyeres de 125mL e 250mL, contendo respectivamente 50mL e 100mL de meio de cultura líquido de extrato de malte a 2%, durante 6 dias sob agitação, a 25C. Foi observado que a linhagem MX produziu maior quantidade de AGL, apresentando médias de 61,9mg.L-1e 55,7mgEL-1, respectivamente, em frascos de 250mL e 125mL. Maior produção de AA foi verificada na linhagem M132, cuja média foi de 0,3mgEL-1. As linhagens MX, M131 e M132 foram também cultivadas em frascos de 125mL contendo 50mL de meio líquido de extrato-de-malte suplementado com óleo de girassol a 2% e 1% de extrato de levedura. Nestes, as maiores quantidades médias de AGL, 201,62mgEL-1, e de AA, 3,12mgEL-1, foram observadas no cultivo da linhagem M131, sendo estes valores 1.311,15% e 1011,37% maiores em relação aqueles verificados em meio de extrato de malte / Abstract: In the savannah area, municipal district of Corumbatai, state of Sao Paulo, 267 fungi strains were isolated in soil samples collected, in the winter (2002) and in the summer (2003), with the gsoil plate methodh and "serial dilution method". Twelve strains were considered potential producers of Á-linolenic acid (GLA) and arachidonic acid (AA) for belonging to the order Mucorales. Preliminary experiments were accomplished to evaluate the efficiency of several protocols of extraction of fatty acids from fungi. Modifications of traditional methodologies were tested, adding one or twice the solvent solution of methanol-chloroform-water (2.0:1.0:0.8 v/v) to the wet, frozen, freeze-dried, dried and/or disrupted biomass. In agreement with the obtained results, the biomass was freeze-dried and treated twice with the solvent solution. The resulting extracts were transesterified and analized by gas cromatography Some strains were cultivated in shake flasks of 125mL and 250mL, containing respectively 50mL and 100mL of liquid malt extract culture media (2%), for 6 days under agitation, at 25C. It was observed that the strain MX produced larger amounts of GLA, mean of 61.9mgEL-1 and 55.7mgEL-1, respectively, in shake flasks of 250mL and 125mL. Higher production of AA was verified in the strain M132, mean of 0.3mgEL-1. The srains MX, M131 and M132 were also cultivated in shake flasks of 125mL containing 50mL of liquid malt extract media enhanced with sunflower oil (2%) and yeast extract (1%). In these the largest amounts of GLA, mean of 201.62mgEL-1, and of AA, mean of 3.12mgEL-1, were observed in the cultivation of the strain M131, these values being 1,311.15% and 1,011.37% larger in relation to those verified in same strain cultivated in malt extract media. The three strains were grown in Bioreactor with capacity of 2L containing 1L of malt extract media (2%) added or not with sunflower oil (2%) / Doutor

Orientador: Eliana Aparecida Varanda / Banca: Francisca da Luz Dias / Banca: Denise Crispin Tavares / Banca: Iracilda Zeppone Carlos / Banca: Daisy Maria Fávero Salvador / Resumo: No presente trabalho, foram avaliadas dez espécies vegetais, nativas do cerrado brasileiro e utilizadas popularmente no tratamento de úlceras gástricas, quanto ao seu potencial mutagênico. Foram empregados os testes de Ames (in vitro) e do micronúcleo em células do sangue periférico de camundongos (in vivo). De cada espécie vegetal foram avaliados dois tipos de extratos brutos: um polar e um apolar. Nos ensaios in vitro foi verificada mutagenicidade especialmente para os extratos polares (metanólicos) das seguintes espécies vegetais: A. castaneifolia, A. glandulosa, A. triplinervia, M. pusa, Q. grandiflora, Q. multiflora e S. pseudoquina. Nesses mesmos ensaios, os únicos extratos apolares que apresentaram mutagenicidade foram os obtidos de Q. grandiflora e Q. multiflora. Foram avaliados in vivo apenas os extratos polares, sendo que apresentaram mutagenicidade os extratos metanólicos de A. castaneifolia, A. glandulosa, A. triplinervia, Q. multiflora e S. pseudoquina. De acordo com as caracterizações químicas realizadas com as espécies vegetais estudadas, ficou evidente a participação bastante efetiva dos compostos fenólicos (flavonóides e taninos) na mutagenicidade observada. Também foi possível verificar o papel que possíveis interações entre os diferentes compostos químicos presentes nos extratos podem ter em suas atividades biológicas. Tendo em vista as informações obtidas, ficou clara a necessidade que os estudos biológicos e fitoquímicos apresentam para se promover uma maior compreensão dos riscos que podem estar associados aos tratamentos medicinais baseados em plantas. / Abstract: In this work we evaluate the mutagenic potential of ten vegetable species native of the Brazilian savannah and used popularly in the treatment of gastric ulcers. The Ames test (in vitro) and the Micronucleus test (in vivo) were employed. We evaluate a polar extract and a non-polar extract to each vegetal species. The in vitro assays show the mutagenicity of the methanol extracts (polar) obtained from A. castaneifolia, A. glandulosa, A. triplinervia, M. pusa, Q. grandiflora, Q. multiflora e S. pseudoquina. The non-polar extracts from Q.grandiflora e Q. multiflora were mutagenic too. In vivo, only the polar extracts were studied and the methanol extracts from A. castaneifolia, A. glandulosa, A. triplinervia, Q. multiflora e S. pseudoquina were mutagenic. The phytochemical studies with the evaluated plants permit to infer the participation of the flavonoids and tannins in the mutagenic activities observed in vitro and in vivo. We also verified in this biological activity possible interactions between the different substances present in the raw extracts. In this way, we could to observe the importance of phytochemical and biological studies to promote a better comprehension of the risks that can be associated to the medicinal treatments based in the plants use. / Doutor

This project focused on aluminum precipitation within the Caustic Side Solvent Extraction (CSSX) process at the Savannah River Site (SRS). The CSSX process uses a solvent to separate cesium. In the scrubbing section, the solvent containing cesium is scrubbed with 0.05 M nitric acid to remove soluble sodium and potassium ions. During scrubbing, aluminum precipitation has been observed. Solids precipitation is of concern as solids might erode centrifugal contactor internals and/or plug transfer pipelines. Hence, it is important to identify conditions under which solids precipitation may occur and identify an operating region where solids precipitation is minimized. Room temperature experiments on the CSSX scrubbing process were conducted. Experimental results were compared with predictions from ESP (Environmental Simulation Program). The order and specific rate for the reversible aluminum precipitation reaction were obtained as a function of initial stream dilution and % carryover. The reaction was first order based on regression results.

Architecture can be related to narrative in many ways. Architecture talks about the form, function, materiality, circulation, environment of artificial space. Narrative has its media, form, method, genre, rhetoric, in order to describe a series of related events or experiences. People are the users of all architectural spaces. The experience of space is always manipulated by the designer from the beginning of the design phase. It is the designer who creates and develops this process, just like the writer, who creates written narratives. In this thesis, I did abundant research on the common ways to complete a written narrative. One type of the rhetoric device, Anadiplosis, which is always used in poetry and lyrics, is the way to create a transition between adjacent sentences and emphasize this transition by repeating the last word of the preceding clause in the next. The downtown area of Savannah, Georgia in the U.S., which was designed by James Edward Oglethorpe, is almost equally divided into 30 smaller wards, most of them with a square in the middle and surrounded by either residential or commercial structures. However, as the Colonial Cemetery was existed before the city sprawled to its nearby area, resulting in two wards that have unique layouts that do not have a typical square. The cemetery, although filled with lawn and trees, has totally different functions and atmosphere compared with these squares, This cemetery creates an important relationship with its adjacent urban area, which is separated by a wall. History of Yellow Fever pandemic and civil war, which is strongly related to the cemetery, were explored during the research. The site is located in a current vacant space outside the east wall of the cemetery. One section of the site would have had a square as part of Oglethorpe's ward design principles. This thesis creates an anadiplosis between the cemetery and the city, as a transition between the sacred and the secular realm. In addition to extending the missing square to the site, this thesis also includes a building that acts as a memorial, while contributing to the urban design and commercial functions of the neighborhood. When people walk from one side to the other throughout the building, the transition is created floor by floor, and each of their functions are both overlapped with the preceding and the subsequent one. Mutual sight lines are also created to remind people of this transition. / Master of Architecture / Architecture can be related to narrative in many ways. For people, the users of architectural spaces, the experience of a space is set during the design phase. The designer, who creates and develops this process, is like a writer who works with written narratives. This thesis is the result of research on various types of the idea of narrative and their relationship to written narrative. One type is Anadiplosis, a rhetoric device used in poetry and lyrics along with other narrative forms. It is the way to create a transition between the adjacent sentences and emphasis this transition by repeating the last word of preceding clause in the next. Downtown Savannah, which was designed by James Edward Oglethorpe, is almost equally divided into 30 smaller wards, most of them with a square in the middle and surrounded by either residential or commercial structures. However, the Colonial Cemetery existed before the city's expansion, resulting in two wards that have unique layouts that do not have a typical square. This cemetery creates an important relationship with its adjacent urban area, which is separated by a wall. The site is located in an existing vacant space outside and adjacent to the east wall of the cemetery. One section of the site would have had a square as part of Oglethorpe's ward design principles. This thesis creates an anadiplosis between the cemetery and the city, as a transition between the sacred and the secular realm. In addition to extending the missing square to the site, this thesis also includes a building that acts as a memorial, while contributing to the urban design and commercial functions of the neighborhood. When people walk from one side to the other throughout the building, the transition is created floor by floor, and each of their functions are both overlapped with the preceding and the subsequent one. Mutual sight lines are also created to remind people of this transition.

The Savannah River originates in the area of Rabun Gap in the foothills of the Appalachian Mountains in northern Georgia, and flows eastward to the Atlantic Ocean. Where the river opens out to the sea, the Tybee Island Lighthouse stands. A few miles inland, the city of Savannah, Georgia rests on the shore of this river. Part One of this book, Beginning of the New, analyzes the original settlement of this city. Part. Two, Composition with the Old, is a proposal for a square in that urban scheme. From Rabun Cap to Tybee Light is a colloquialism, once used in this part of Georgia, meaning 'all-inclusive'. This phrase is used here not only to indicate the physical location of this city, but the usage represents my search for a complete architecture- gathering a breadth and depth of understanding in order to build a house or a city. That search is not presented in this volume. What is presented are two vehicles for this search; the analysis and the proposal. In this search. I am somewhere between complete nescience and categorical mastery. I do not know where I stand but this book stands there with me. / Master of Architecture

Anthropogenic noise may interfere with avian acoustic communication, however some species alter the structure of vocalizations, to improve transmission in noise. Here, I conducted playback experiments to determine whether compressor stations, generator or grid-powered screw pump oil wells, and overall ambient noise levels affected responses of Savannah sparrows (Passerculus sandwichensis) to conspecific alarm calls at their nests. I also measured the structure of alarm calls, to determine whether Savannah sparrows altered vocalizations in noise. On control sites, Savannah sparrows responded to alarm calls by delaying provisioning visits. At compressor station sites, the loudest infrastructure treatment, they showed less of a delay. Close to compressor stations, Savannah sparrows lowered the frequency and increased the bandwidth of alarm calls. These findings suggest the compressor stations may interfere with anti-predator communication, but that Savannah sparrows can alter the structure of alarm calls at these sites, perhaps mitigating some effects of noise. / October 2016