This research examines a new methodology for prospectively estimating the willingness of travelers to use a toll road by combining travel time saved with the income of the prospective customer base. The purpose of the research is to facilitate network level planning by allowing some reasonable predictions of acceptable toll rates from readily available data and estimation techniques. Methods of estimating user benefit resulted in simulated distributions of value of user time. Values of time are linked to census tract income data for the user population to produce value of time as a percentage of income as an indicator. As relevant literature acknowledges the tendency toward increased toll road usage at higher income levels, it is hypothesized that linking estimates of value of time directly to household income would produce a more useful indicator of the travel market than do conventional indicators. Techniques for prospectively estimating the travelshed of a toll road are compared with the actual travelshed, as reflected in user home census tracts, as a means of evaluating the efficacy of those techniques in estimating the market area of a prospective toll road. Results show that considering value of time as a percentage of census tract median income provides an improved portrayal of the toll road market, as usage of the toll road increases with increasing income. Using census tract median income as the income parameter has shortcomings, in that it produces anomalous results at very low population levels. Of the two methods of estimating the travelshed, the visual estimation approach was not satisfactory, leaving the analyst to use select link analyses instead.

Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the leading cause of cancer in Taiwan, which consumes high medical expense among the total healthcare expenditure and becomes the significant burden to the finance of National Health Insurance (NHI). However, population-based statistics about the cost with the survival rate is rare. Objective: Through analyzing the data from the Bureau of National Health Insurance and hospital clinical files, we estimated the medical expenditure for treating HCC patients and the factors associated with treatment outcome. Methods: The National Health Insurance data from 1996 to 2002 with ICD-9 code 155 were used, which include age, gender, visiting time, and medical cost for inpatient or outpatient visits. The population-based data were analyzed to estimate 1-5 year survival probability and medical cost of HCC patients. In hospital-based data, 189 patients from 1991 to 2004 were recorded by clinical chart and 62 of them diagnosed during 2002 and 2004 were further selected to match the claim data. These informations were used for computing survival or recurrence probability, related factors, and medical cost. Results: For all incident cases in 1997, the average 5-year cumulated cost was NT$ 219,398, while the cumulated cost for those patients survived more than five years was NT$ 491,288. The survival probability was 30.8% for more than one year, 20.9% for more than two years, 15.2% for more than three years, 11.3% for more than four years, and 9.7% for more than five years in 1997 respectively. Female and those age >45-65 years old seemed to have better survival outcomes than male and those age ¡Ø45 years old or >65 years old , the averaged medical cost per treated case surviving more than five years were T$2,457,214 for male and NT$ 1,987,874 for female. Hospital clinical data indicated that TNM stages, therapy choice, liver cirrhosis, and ascites are risk factors for surviving. Although pre-TACE treatment has higher expenditure, its five-year survival probability is better than other treatments in this research. Conclusions: This paper presents medical cost with survival probability and its associated factors for HCC patients and further estimates the medical cost per life saved for treating HCC patients. Our findings can offer the policy-maker, provider, and patient to evaluate the intervention or prevention program in the future.

Submitted by Gabriela Lopes (gmachadolopesufpel@gmail.com) on 2018-07-03T16:39:02Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Gustavo_Zimmer_Dissertação_Catalogação.pdf: 1106759 bytes, checksum: 7714dca31f798f6012bb32f70cb69db0 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Aline Batista (alinehb.ufpel@gmail.com) on 2018-07-11T11:48:04Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Gustavo_Zimmer_Dissertação_Catalogação.pdf: 1106759 bytes, checksum: 7714dca31f798f6012bb32f70cb69db0 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Aline Batista (alinehb.ufpel@gmail.com) on 2018-07-11T11:50:44Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Gustavo_Zimmer_Dissertação_Catalogação.pdf: 1106759 bytes, checksum: 7714dca31f798f6012bb32f70cb69db0 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-11T12:00:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Gustavo_Zimmer_Dissertação_Catalogação.pdf: 1106759 bytes, checksum: 7714dca31f798f6012bb32f70cb69db0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-03 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / O objetivo foi avaliar o desempenho de sementes comerciais e salvas de soja e seus impactos técnicos e econômicos. Foram realizados cinco experimentos no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul utilizando sementes salvas e comerciais onde avaliou-se a qualidade das sementes, estande de plantas, percentual de múltiplos e de falhas, percentual da área com falhas, coeficiente de variação dos espaçamentos, índice de precisão e produtividade de grãos. A partir dos resultados foram calculados o retorno sobre o investimento e o acréscimo em renda, produção total, valor adicionado, postos de trabalho, ICMS e impostos totais arrecadados e o acréscimo nos valores gerados pela ligação para frente do setor agricultura, silvicultura e exploração florestal para as economias do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul e para o Brasil. Sementes comerciais tendem a apresentar maior estande de plantas e percentual de múltiplos e menor percentual de falhas e de área com falhas. O coeficiente de variação e o índice de precisão não foram eficazes em detectar diferenças de qualidade física e fisiológica entre os lotes. Sementes comerciais tendem a apresentar maior produtividade, a diferença média entre sementes comerciais sob tratamento industrial e sementes salvas sob tratamento On Farm foi de 295 kg ha-1. Quanto aos impactos econômicos, houve um incremento de renda de R$1,03 bilhão e o retorno sobre o investimento foi de 7,04. Os benefícios totais calculados para a economia brasileira foram de R$ 1,594 bilhão na produção total, de R$ 763,2 milhões no valor adicionado, de 39,6 mil postos de trabalho, de R$ 330,7 milhões na renda, de 86,0 milhões no ICMS e de R$ 157,3 milhões em impostos totais arrecadados e de R$ 4,1 bilhões na ligação para frente do setor agricultura, silvicultura e exploração florestal. Sementes comerciais aumentam a produtividade de grãos e a renda dos agricultores, apresentam elevado retorno sobre o investimento e benefícios significativos para a economia. / The aim was to evaluate the performance of saved and commercial soybean seeds and their technical and economic impacts. Five experiments were performed in the State of Rio Grande do Sul using saved and commercial seeds where the seed quality, plant stand, percentage of doubles and skips, percentage of the area with skips, coefficient of variation of spacings, precision index and yield were evaluated. From the results the return on investment, the increase in income, total production, economic added value, job positions, ICMS (sales and services tax) and total taxes collected and the increase in the values generated by the forward linkage of agriculture, forestry and lumbering for the economies of the State of Rio Grande do Sul and for Brazil were calculated. Commercial seeds tend to present greater plant stand and percentage of doubles and lower skip and skip area percentages. The coefficient of variation of spacings and precision index were not effective in detecting differences in physical and physiological quality of seed lots. Commercial seeds tend to present greater yield where the mean difference between commercial seeds under industrial seed treatment and saved seeds under ‘On Farm’ seed treatment was of 295 kg ha-1. Regarding the economic impacts, there was an increase in income of R$1.03 billion and a return on investment was of 7.04. The total benefits calculated for the Brazilian economy were of R$1.594 billion in total production, R$763.2 million in the added value, 39.6 thousand job positions, R$330.7 million in income, R$86 million in ICMS and of total taxes collected and of R$4.1 billion in the forward linkage of the agriculture, forestry and lumbering sector. Commercial seeds increase grain yield and the income of farmers, have a high return on investment and significant benefits for the economy.

Diploma thesis Honors Righteous Among the Nations in the context of the Second World War: the life stories of the awarded deals with The Righteous Among the Nations Award, which is awarded to people of Jewish origin, who during the Second World War selflessly helped the Jewish people survive. The aim is to increase awareness of the aforementioned awards and especially bring specific fates of people who have received it. Examined and interpreted sub- themes that determine the specifics of how to obtain this award. These issues include the motivation to help others during everyday concealment, friendship etc. Individual interviews with bearers that bring unique and direct evidence are placed in the broader context of the Second World War, which focuses primarily on the issue of the final solution of the Jewish question. Examination of the Second World War is underpinned by a rich resource base that supports the overall character of the text.

Yes / In the last 10 years the University of Bradford Library Acquisitions Department has shrunk from 13 members of staff to 5. This has led to us embracing new technology to help streamline workflows within the department. As well as utilising EDI functionality, changing processing workflows and using shelf-ready books, we have devised innovative ways of dealing with everyday tasks. Topics included cover: PDA deduplication; spine labelling on a large scale; the weeding of discarded books; using saved global updates on incoming MARC records and using load profiles innovatively.

The majority of wheat research in the world and in Canada is conducted by the public sector. The government of Canada has introduced legislation to update its plant breeder’s rights (PBR) legislation, making Canada compliant with the International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants (UPOV) 91 convention, with the goal to stimulate private investment in wheat variety research. International experience with UPOV 91 reveals a wide range of outcomes depending on the specific royalty setting mechanisms allowed within their domestic legislation. This thesis compares Canada’s existing policy to three very different international examples (France, United Kingdom, and Australia) of UPOV 91 compliant royalty collection systems for wheat. The model presented is one of a monopolistic competitive wheat-breeding industry with the introduction of a new certified seed variety. Farmers have the option to use farm saved seed (FSS) or certified seed on their farm. The additional economic benefit created from the innovation and its distribution is analyzed and interpreted for both, farmers (social benefit) and breeders (private benefit). The results of the analysis show that while each UPOV 91 compliant model generates more revenue for farmers and breeders than Canada’s current policy, they tend to generate less than expected revenue in the short-run. If a country has strong intellectual property rights (IPRs), it will attract some domestic and foreign investment and possibly a beneficial collaboration between the public, private, and producer sector, also known as P4 (public-private-producer-partnerships).

OBK Sverige AB är en totalentreprenör från Örebro som bildades 2011. De har idag ca 65 anställda. De har inte kunnat arbeta in så mycket tid som de förväntat sig vid projektet Brf Vingen. Olika moment för projektet kommer att granskas och jämföras med ett av OBKs andra projekt, Kv. Sjukhuset. Enhetstiderna för momenten kommer jämföras med den gamla och den nya listan för enhetstider. Syftet med denna uppsats är att få svar på frågorna nedan.  • Hur stämmer vissa enhetstider som finns i den gamla listan i jämförelse med verkligheten? • Vad kan vara anledningen till att tiderna i vissa fall inte går att hålla? • Hur kommer den nya listan stämma överens med verkligheten? Enhetstiderna för momenten kommer jämföras med Nybyggnadslista 1999 och inte Ombyggnadslista 1999, då båda projekten är nybyggnationer. Dessa listor har getts ut av Byggnads, som är ett fackförbund, tillsammans med Sveriges Byggindustrier.  Litteraturstudier samt intervjuer har utförts för att ta fram information om vad enhetstider är. Intervjuer har gjorts för att få fram enhetstider och mängder för de granskade momenten. För att beräkna hur lång tid det tar att bygga en enhet av ett moment används enhetstider. Målning, gjutning och gipsning är exempel på olika moment och enheterna kan vara kvadratmeter, meter, styck osv. Enhetstiden varierar för olika moment och den multipliceras sedan med den totala mängden för momentet. Då får man fram hur lång tid det är beräknat att ett moment ska ta.  Momenten som granskats för båda projekten är betongstomme, taktäckning och gipsning av innerväggar. För projektet Brf Vingen har också fasadpartier av trä granskats. Resultatet i uppsatsen är att förutsättningen för inarbetning, när man arbetar efter nya listan, vid betongstommen för Brf Vingen ökar medan den för Kv. Sjukhuset minskar. Gipsning av innerväggar ökar, taktäckning minskar och fasadpartierna av trä minskar.  Beroende på olika faktorer i de projekt som granskats så stämmer enhetstiderna i den gamla listan olika bra med verkligheten. Anledningen till att vissa tider inte går att hålla är till exempel brant taklutning, små och trånga utrymmen samt byggnadens utformning. Den nya listan stämmer bättre överens med verkligheten för de granskade momenten. / OBK Sverige AB is a contractor company from Örebro that was established 2011. Today they have about 65 employees. They have not been able to save as much time as they where hoping for at one of their projects called Brf Vingen. We are going to view different stages of this project and compare to another of their projects called Kv. Sjukhuset. The unit times for the different stages will be compared to the old and the new list of unit times. The purpose with this essay is to answer these following questions. • How does some of the unit times from the old list come out compared to reality? • What can be the reason that the unit times in some cases can´t be kept? • How is the new list going to come out compared to reality? The unit times for the stages will be compared to Nybyggnadslistan 1999 an not to Ombyggnadslistan 1999 because the projects which are going to be viewed are constructions and not reconstructions. These lists have been published by Byggnads, which is trade union, with Sveriges Byggindustrier. Literature studies and interviews have been used to get the information about what unit times are. Interviews have also been used to get the unit times and amounts we needed for the viewed stages.  Unit times are being used to calculate how much time it takes to build one unit of a stage. Painting, foundry work and plastering is some examples of different stages and the units can be square meter, meter, piece etc. The unit time is different for different kinds of stages. This unit time is multiplied with the total amount of the stages.  The stages which has been selected to be viewed from both of the projects are the concrete frame, the roofing and the plastering of the interior walls. The wood panel at Brf Vingen has also been selected to be viewed. The result in this essay is that the time that has been saved, using the new list, for the concrete frame at Brf Vingen has increased and at Kv. Sjukhuset it has decreased. For the roofing it has decreased, for the plastering of the interior walls it has increased and for the wood panel it has de creased.  Depending on various factors in the viewed projects the unit times in the old list comes out differently well compared to reality. The reason that the unit times in some cases can´t be kept is for example that the roof slope is too steep, small and narrow spaces and also the construction design. The new list comes out better for the viewed stages compared to reality.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-20T13:44:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacao_ricardo_miotto_ternus.pdf: 674305 bytes, checksum: 64aa2364d9c050f8dcd0998e6895e80d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-08-29 / Due to its economic importance, soybean (Glycine max) has been the subject of intense research aimed at providing information leading to higher yield gains. With in this context, the use of legal seeds is considered an extremely important tool for farmers. However, for several reasons, farm-saved seeds or informal seeds are regularly used by farmers. Aiming to evaluate the soybean seed usage rate in the state of Santa Catarina, identify reasons explaining the use of legal or illegal seeds, and providing guide lines for sanitary education and supervision by the Integrated Agricultural Development Company of Santa Catarina (CIDASC), a survey research was under taken polling 103 soybean producers from different regions of the state. Data were collected from 12/01/2012 to 03/29/2013 in 67 municipalities of Santa Catarina located in soybean- producing regions. The results obtained showed that the rate of legal soybean seed usage in Santa Catarina for the last three growing seasons was 71.9, 73.4 and 79.6%, respectively. Seed lots with low vigor and sanitary problems are the main criteria that guide the producer's decision to opt for commercial seeds. The high price of commercial seeds and acceptable crop yields obtained from farmsaved seeds explain the use of saved or informal seed in the state of Santa Catarina. / A cultura da soja (Glycine max), em razão da importância econômica que possui, é alvo de intensa atividade de pesquisa dirigida na busca de informações que proporcionem ganhos de produtividade. Neste contexto, o uso de sementes legais constitui-se em uma ferramenta de extrema importância para o agricultor. Porém, por razões diversas, muitas vezes, os agricultores utilizam semente salva ou informal. Com o objetivo de avaliar a taxa de utilização de sementes de soja no estado de Santa Catarina, identificar os motivos que levam à utilização de semente legal ou ilegal, e visando nortear as ações de fiscalização e educação sanitária da Companhia Integrada de Desenvolvimento Agrícola de Santa Catarina (CIDASC), foi realizada uma pesquisa de levantamento com aplicação de 103 questionários, em usuários de sementes, nas diversas regiões produtoras do estado. Os dados foram coletados no período de 01/12/2012 até 29/03/2013 em 67 municípios catarinenses localizados nas regiões produtoras de soja. Os resultados obtidos mostram que: a taxa de utilização de sementes legais de soja em Santa Catarina nas três ultimas safras foram de 71,9, 73,4 e 79,6% respectivamente; a substituição de lotes com baixo vigor e com problemas sanitários são os principais critérios que fundamentam a decisão do usuário em optar pelo uso de sementes legais; e que o preço elevado das sementes legais aliado a uma produtividade aceitável são os critérios que determinam o uso das semente salva e informal no estado de Santa Catarina.

This study discusses true and false conversions and the use of the Ten Commandments in evangelism, viewed from the starting point of a Christian ethical perspective. The use of the Ten Commandments in Evangelism is affirmed by Jesus Himself and also by Jesus’ apostles after His ascension to heaven. The validity of the Ten Commandments is eternal. The modern evangelist has been caught by the snares of Satan with regards to the Ten Commandments. The power of the Ten Commandments in evoking a true sense of sin is being undermined by a sly plan of Satan that causes enmity between the Law and grace. It has basically brought about two schools of thought: those who use the Ten Commandments, and those who reject it. Those who use the Ten Commandments, however, run the risk of using the law in an illegitimate way, and this is termed as “legalism”. On the other hand, those who reject the Ten Commandments are guilty of “Antinomianism”, that literally means “anti-law”. Consequently, all the underlying principles, which God had laid down for the use of the Ten Commandments, are being blatantly disregarded. Instead, the workings and efficacy of the Ten Commandments are exclusively replaced by love and grace. False conversions are the result in both cases. Satan achieves his goal. In opposition to this is the legitimate use of the Ten Commandments as the only means of preventing false conversions. God designed the Ten Commandments in such a way as to firstly reveal His holiness as the only standard that a sinner must meet. As the standard requires absolute holiness and perfection, it brings about a sense of sin. This is because no person can fulfill the standard. Without a true sense of sin, no person can be saved. Within the framework of the Ten Commandments, evidence of the person’s love towards God is comprised through the upholding of the Ten Commandments. The Ten Commandments cannot save anyone, but if the person loves Jesus, they will keep His commandments; a sign of true conversion. The goal of this study was to determine whether any guidelines can be composed to help Evangelists prevent or minimize false conversions, in a Biblically justified manner. The research indicates that without the use of the Ten Commandments during evangelism, many false conversions will ensue. The conclusion of this research is that false conversions can be prevented or minimized through the legitimate use of the Ten Commandments during evangelism. / Thesis (PhD (Ethics))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2012

This study discusses true and false conversions and the use of the Ten Commandments in evangelism, viewed from the starting point of a Christian ethical perspective. The use of the Ten Commandments in Evangelism is affirmed by Jesus Himself and also by Jesus’ apostles after His ascension to heaven. The validity of the Ten Commandments is eternal. The modern evangelist has been caught by the snares of Satan with regards to the Ten Commandments. The power of the Ten Commandments in evoking a true sense of sin is being undermined by a sly plan of Satan that causes enmity between the Law and grace. It has basically brought about two schools of thought: those who use the Ten Commandments, and those who reject it. Those who use the Ten Commandments, however, run the risk of using the law in an illegitimate way, and this is termed as “legalism”. On the other hand, those who reject the Ten Commandments are guilty of “Antinomianism”, that literally means “anti-law”. Consequently, all the underlying principles, which God had laid down for the use of the Ten Commandments, are being blatantly disregarded. Instead, the workings and efficacy of the Ten Commandments are exclusively replaced by love and grace. False conversions are the result in both cases. Satan achieves his goal. In opposition to this is the legitimate use of the Ten Commandments as the only means of preventing false conversions. God designed the Ten Commandments in such a way as to firstly reveal His holiness as the only standard that a sinner must meet. As the standard requires absolute holiness and perfection, it brings about a sense of sin. This is because no person can fulfill the standard. Without a true sense of sin, no person can be saved. Within the framework of the Ten Commandments, evidence of the person’s love towards God is comprised through the upholding of the Ten Commandments. The Ten Commandments cannot save anyone, but if the person loves Jesus, they will keep His commandments; a sign of true conversion. The goal of this study was to determine whether any guidelines can be composed to help Evangelists prevent or minimize false conversions, in a Biblically justified manner. The research indicates that without the use of the Ten Commandments during evangelism, many false conversions will ensue. The conclusion of this research is that false conversions can be prevented or minimized through the legitimate use of the Ten Commandments during evangelism. / Thesis (PhD (Ethics))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2012