Submitted by Fabio Sobreira Campos da Costa (fabio.sobreira@ufpe.br) on 2016-06-30T13:29:34Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) VERSÃO FINAL DISSERTAÇÃO COM FICHA CATALOGRAFICA MANUELA DIA.pdf: 2235780 bytes, checksum: d34b21b50b12a60077b33555a2298394 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-30T13:29:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) VERSÃO FINAL DISSERTAÇÃO COM FICHA CATALOGRAFICA MANUELA DIA.pdf: 2235780 bytes, checksum: d34b21b50b12a60077b33555a2298394 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-07-31 / O tema da educação está presente como um dos pressupostos na ação dos museus, que não tem como finalidade apenas armazenar e conservar objetos. A partir do século XX, existe um deslocamento da ênfase da Salvaguarda (documentação/conservação) para a Comunicação (expografia/ação-educativa). Assim, os museus passam a exercer uma função educativa. No entanto, até o momento presente, o uso do próprio termo educação museal, ―se mostra como uma necessidade de explicitação daquilo que o diferencia de outros termos utilizados para qualificar o tipo de educação que se faz nos museus‖ (PNEM, 2013). Desse modo, o presente estudo tem como objetivo refletir sobre a construção de conceitos a respeito da educação museal vis-à-vis os elementos constitutivos da forma escolar- fenômeno que caracteriza um processo de escolarização de outros espaços/relações, e provoca um borramento das fronteiras entre educação e escolarização. A invenção da escola, enquanto projeto da modernidade, está relacionado à ideia de um acesso seguro ao saber, que se refere a uma tentativa de tornar as ações e os sujeitos mais disciplinados. Com a experiência moderna de ciência e educação, o ato de imaginar não é entendido como a capacidade de construir novas relações entre objetos, valores, palavras e imagens, a imaginação é deslocada da função de produzir conhecimento (JESUS, 2014). Para Paul Ricoeur a imaginação é um meio para a abertura de novos modelos explicativos, tem um papel ontológico. Assim, o conhecimento não é fundado apenas em critérios dotados de razão, mas também de imaginação. Uma das intenções da pesquisa é pensar em que medida a configuração de um campo conceitual sobre educação museal está relacionado com a forma escolar, e como essa modalidade educativa pode contribuir com um processo de construção do conhecimento, que valorize mais a imaginação. Para Ernesto Laclau, a materialidade do social ganha novos sentidos a partir de diferentes maneiras de produzir discursos. Museus e escolas são importantes dispositivos de manutenção da memória, alvo de muitas demandas e disputas de significações. Ao propor um estudo sobre a dimensão educativa desses espaços, direta ou indiretamente estamos propondo uma reflexão crítica sobre os desafios políticos de analisar a educação no nosso tempo. A pesquisa terá como aporte teórico metodológico aspectos da teoria do discurso de Ernesto Laclau em articulação com o pensamento hermenêutico de Paul Ricoeur. / The topic of education is present as one of the assumptions in the action of museums, which not only aims to store and preserve objects. From the twentieth century, there is a change of emphasis of Safeguard (documentation / conservation) for Communication (expography / action-educational). Thus, museums begin to exert an educational function. However, to date, the use of the term itself museum education, "appears as a need to clarify what differentiates it from other terms used to describe the type of education that is in museums" (Pnem, 2013). Thus, this study aims to reflect on the construction of concepts about vis-à-vis the museum education of the elements of form escolar- phenomenon featuring an educational process to other areas / relationships, and causes a blurring of boundaries between education and schooling. The invention of the school, while the modernity project is related to the idea of a secure access to knowledge, which refers to an attempt to make the actions and the most disciplined subjects. With modern experience of science and education, the act of imagining is not understood as the ability to build new relationships between objects, values, words and images, the imagination is moved from the role of producing knowledge (Jesus, 2014). For Paul Ricoeur imagination is a way for the opening of new explanatory models, has an ontological role. Thus, knowledge is based not only on criteria endowed with reason, but of imagination. One of the survey's intentions is to think to what extent the configuration of a conceptual field of museum education is related to the school form, and how this educational modality can contribute to a process of knowledge construction, which puts more emphasis imagination. Ernesto Laclau, the materiality of the social gains new meanings from different ways of producing discourse. Museums and schools are important in maintaining memory devices, the subject of many demands and meanings disputes. In proposing a study on the educational dimension of these spaces, directly or indirectly we are proposing a critical reflection on the political challenges of analyzing education in our time. The research will have as methodological theoretical support aspects of Ernesto Laclau discourse theory in conjunction with the hermeneutical thought of Paul Ricoeur.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T16:32:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Simone de Almeida.pdf: 1792711 bytes, checksum: 68b339084f3949c5cf20d7cba01fd9ad (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-03-30 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / This work started from the inquiry about the mechanisms of effective participation and/or presence of families inside the school. The choice of the research object was due to the professional existence related to the partnership among the institutions and, on the other hand, to the mutual responsibility for the child/student s development. The main objective of this work was to investigate how and whether the participation of parents/relatives occurs at school or not, especially in the last grades of Primary School, which consist of the grades from 6th to 9th (previously called 5th to 8th grades), approaching the participation/presence in both public and private schools. This research was accomplished in a state public school (taking into consideration that the city public schools analyzed principally attend the initial grades of the Primary School) and a private school, both located in the city of Mogi das Cruzes, in the state of São Paulo. The schools were chosen taking as an important criterion the existence of classrooms from the last grades of Primary School and because they were schools belonging to neighborhoods, whose public mainly consisted of the surrounding neighbors who, therefore, would have more conditions to establish an affective relationship with the community. The data analysis was accomplished taking into account the theoretical references by some authors from the Social Sciences, considering Dubet s concepts of social experience and logics of action and Lahire s, Thin s and Vincent s concept of school form. To collect the data, we interviewed eight teachers, two representatives of the director team and nine students parents/relatives. We also conducted non-participant observations within the school environment, in situations with the families, as well as we proceeded to the analysis of documents (Director Plan, regarding both the public and private schools, and the specific legislation). According to the results obtained and considering the different realities investigated in this work, it is possible to point out some tendencies in the relationships established between the families and the schools, which suggest that, although the raised hypothesis lead to essentially strategic actions considering the private school, and actions designed by the subjectivizing logic, considering the public school, the construction of the social experience of the relationships happens by means of the heterogeneity of the cultural and social principles that organize the representatives behavior in both socialization institutions / Esta pesquisa partiu do questionamento sobre os mecanismos de efetiva participação e/ou presença das famílias na escola. A escolha pelo objeto de pesquisa foi decorrente das vivências profissionais relacionadas à tão aclamada parceria entre as instituições e, por outro lado, à responsabilização mútua pelo desenvolvimento dos filhos/alunos. O objetivo central do trabalho foi investigar como e se ocorre a participação dos pais/ familiares na escola, sobretudo no Ensino Fundamental II, que compreende as turmas de 6º a 9º ano (5ª à 8ª séries), abordando tanto a participação/presença em escola pública, quanto em escola da rede privada. A pesquisa foi realizada em uma escola pública estadual (tendo em vista que a rede de ensino municipal em questão atende majoritariamente o ciclo I ou séries iniciais do ensino fundamental) e uma escola privada, ambas localizadas na cidade de Mogi das Cruzes- SP. As escolas foram escolhidas tomando como critério fundamental a existência de turmas de ensino fundamental II e o fato de serem escolas de bairro, que atendem primordialmente os moradores dos arredores e que, portanto, teriam mais condições de estabelecer uma relação efetiva com a comunidade. A análise dos dados realizou-se à luz de referencial teórico de autores das Ciências Sociais, em especial com os conceitos de experiência social e lógicas de ação de F. Dubet e o conceito de forma escolar desenvolvido por Lahire, Thin e Vincent. Para coleta de dados foram realizadas entrevistas com oito professores, dois representantes da equipe de gestores e nove pais/familiares de alunos. Foram também realizadas observações não-participantes nos ambientes escolares, em situações de relação com as famílias, bem como procedeu-se à análise de documentos (Plano de Gestão, no caso da escola pública, Plano Diretor, no caso da escola da rede privada e legislação específica). De acordo com os resultados obtidos e tendo em vista as diferentes realidades investigadas neste trabalho, é possível vislumbrar algumas tendências nas relações estabelecidas entre as famílias e as escolas, as quais sugerem que, embora a hipótese levantada aponte para ações fundamentalmente estratégicas, no caso da escola privada, e ações delineadas pela lógica da subjetivação, no caso da escola pública, a construção da experiência social das relações se faz por meio da heterogeneidade dos princípios culturais e sociais que organizam as condutas dos representantes de ambas as instituições socializadoras

Cette thèse témoigne d’une recherche sur les arts et la culture à l’École, étudiant les dispositifs d’éducation artistique et culturelle et les divers effets qui en résultent dans les écoles primaires. Elle porte sur sept classes à Projet Artistique et Culturel implantées dans le département du Rhône.Interrogeant l’art et la culture dans le primaire, plusieurs questions se posent : en quoi ces pratiques servent-elles l’école ? Qu’est-ce que l’enseignant cherche à faire, à produire ? Formulées en ces termes, les questions ainsi posées trouvent une partie de leurs réponses au sein du discours et de la pratique enseignante, et peuvent être analysées dans le cadre de la sociologie de la justification de Luc Boltanski et Laurent Thévenot. Pour analyser la manière dont l’enseignant met en œuvre un dispositif artistique, nous avons besoin de comprendre comment il délègue une partie du travail aux objets. Notre cadre de recherche fait donc référence à la théorie de la délégation aux objets et à la construction de situations, cela dans l’optique de pouvoir décrire des projets artistiques tout en les inscrivant dans une dynamique, dans un processus. Il s’agit d’étudier d’une part, la façon dont les enseignants font tenir des situations en éducation artistique et d’autre part, comment les situations artistiques servent à faire tenir la classe, à faire tenir l’école. Cette enquête prend notamment en considération les éléments et les procédures d’investigation sous la forme d’entretiens avec l’enseignant engagé dans un projet artistique et culturel, et d’observations de séances en présence de l’artiste intervenant en classe. / This PhD thesis is a research about arts and culture at school, studying artistic projects and many effects on primary school. Seven french projects were analyzed.What effect can appear in artistic activities at school ? What happens when artists come to a primary school ? What would the teacher like to do with an artistic project ?Sociology of justification and objects delegation can help us to explain many interview points and to better analyse observation in the classroom.Through the examples of artistic and cultural (music, dance, puppet theatre, painting) projects carried out in seven classes of children, we realized, contrary to all expectations, that the setting up of many projects had a tendency to reinforce rules of behaviour. In fact, the discourse reveals that some teachers use art at school rather as a means of discipline in their class, instead of using it to develop expression, creation and the development of children.

The diploma thesis deals with the definition of the responsibilities of a form master at a lower secondary school. The aim is to describe which activities should constitute the responsibilities of a form master at a lower secondary school, which activities form masters actually carry out, how their responsibilities are defined, and the way the form masters are informed about what they are expected to do. The theoretical part provides an overview of what can be found about form masters' work and their responsibilities in the specialized literature. In the practical part, documents issued by the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports and the Czech School Inspectorate were scrutinised using the method document analysis. The analysis has shown that these documents do not contain any lucid definition of a form master and nor do they provide any list of their responsibilities. The second research method used in this thesis is a structured interview with four form masters working at different lower secondary schools. The interviews helped to find out what responsibilities these four form masters have to carry out and how they were informed about them. The four teachers have more or less the same responsibilities; taking attendance, communicating with parents and organizing school events being the most...

Esta tese, que se insere na área de História e Historiografia da Educação, busca compreender os processos de construção do tempo das escolas primárias em São Paulo, entre os anos de 1846 e 1890, num momento em que os sistemas públicos primários de ensino emergiam no âmbito mundial. Particularmente, procura-se entender como as discussões que antecedem a criação das escolas graduadas (1893), corroboram o delineamento de um tempo próprio da escola. As fontes da legislação, dos relatórios de inspeção e dos professores além de outras fontes manuscritas como mapas de freqüência, livros de matrícula, circulares, ofícios, encontrados no Arquivo do Estado trazem elementos significativos acerca do que se entendia quanto a tempo escolar, quais as categorias que se faziam presentes, os desafios da construção de um tempo próprio da escola num momento em que a escola primária ainda não era considerada como responsável ou legítima para educar as crianças. Os conceitos de estratégias (Certeau), representações e apropriações (Chartier) sustentam o exame das fontes. Este trabalho evidencia a transição de um tempo da infância regulado por outras referências sociais para um tempo regulado também pela escola. Embora comporte diversas possibilidades analíticas, a expressão \"estudo sobre o tempo das escolas públicas primárias\" designa o conjunto de medidas e discussões tanto administrativo-organizacionais referentes ao calendário (dias letivos ou não, interrupções das aulas, feriados, férias, matrícula, exames); aos marcos como a idade e os horários e a quantidade de horas de permanência na escola; e à organização do tempo didático (Chevallard e Mercier). O que se chama de tempo didático integra a duração do ensino primário, a definição e ordenação dos conteúdos a serem desenvolvidos com as crianças, os modos de ensinar e aprender e o emprego do tempo. É visível, a partir de meados do século XIX, que cada um desses elementos da estrutura temporal da escola vai sendo arquitetado para integrar pouco a pouco uma temporalidade identitária da instituição escolar. Nesse processo, instalaram-se novos tempos para os professores, para os alunos, mas também para a sociedade em geral, e, de modo particular, para as famílias que tinham crianças nas escolas primárias. Ao situar-se num momento histórico que antecede o que há alguns anos foi consagrado pela literatura tradicional de História da Educação como o \"período áureo da educação brasileira\", de modo particular os anos 1890 e 1920, este estudo colabora com as discussões já iniciadas sobre a construção das escolas públicas primárias em São Paulo, mediante a ênfase no aspecto temporal. / This thesis, in the field of Education History and Historiography, aims to understand the processes by which time was constructed in elementary schools in São Paulo, between the years of 1846 and 1890. That was a period when public elementary systems of schooling arose in a worldwide set. It is of special interest to understand how the debates that occurred before the creation of graduated schools (1893), contributed to the definition of school times. This analysis has to consider the specific context of the society (slavery, monarchy, rural economy), its institutions dedicated to the education of childhood (as family and Church) and the school existent in the period. Through this analysis it is possible to contibute to the understanding of the specificities of school culture, considering that it is builted from a specific context in the intersection of social ends (Julia). This concept is also apprehended as the combination of influences from the norms, from those who act in teaching and scholar theories (Escolano). Considering that the school culture and form of the graduate school come from earlier periods (Julia, Vincent) we integrate to this text histories of time in other countries and the cultural influences of other periods and institutions. The documentary sources are the legislation, inspectors\' and teachers\' reports, as well as other manuscripts as freqüency maps, enrollment books and deliberations on everyday business found in the State Archive. These documents express strategies (Certeau), representations and appropriations (Chartier) and bring significant elements on what was understood as school time, what were the categories used and the challenges of the construction of a specific school time when the elementary school wasn\'t still perceived as the main and legitimate institution for the education of the children. In this sense, this research shows the transition of an infant time ruled by other social references to a time that is also regulated by the school. The generic expression \"study on the time of public elementary schools\" contemplates several analytical possibilities, however it refers here to a set of administrative and legal measures, as well as the debates. This set concerns the calendar (school days, hollydays, vacations, enrollment, tests); the milestones as proper school age as well as the distribution and total amount of hours students had to remain in school; also the organization of the didactic time (Chevallard e Mercier) that is a part of elementary schooling, the definition and organization of the contents to be taught to the children, ways of teaching and learning - all of that concerning to the employment of time. It is noticeable, since the middle of the XIXth. Century, that each and every one of these elements of school temporal structure was being planned to integrate progressively a temporality that is central to the identity of this institution. During this process, new times were imposed on teachers and students, but also on the general society and particularly on the families that had children in elementary schools. This analysis contributes to the debates on the construction of public elementary schools in São Paulo because it points out processes that emerged before the period that is traditionally considered by the History of Education as the \"golden ages\" of schooling in the country (especially the years of 1890 and 1920).

Ce travail se propose d’aborder la question de l’éducation familiale, à l’heure où laconstitution d’un statut d’exception de l’enfant modifie les relations éducative et d’autoritéet rend plus incertains le jeu complexe entre individuel et collectif ainsi que la transmissiondes savoirs. Comment s'organisent les parents face cette question délicate de l'autorité,tiraillés entre les idéaux démocratiques et la composante contraignante irréductible de l'acteéducatif ? Quelle forme prend l’organisation familiale ? Vécu familial et façon de se mettreen règle à l'école sont-ils liés ?L’enjeu de ce travail est de mettre à jour les dynamiques qui ont participé de l’évolution del’éducation familiale par une étude des représentations de l’enfant et de l’enfance. Cetteétude vise ainsi à appréhender le déplacement des frontières d’éducation familiale tout enpermettant de reposer la question de l’autorité éducative par un croisement de la sociologiede la famille et la sociologie de l’école.L’étude porte sur les pratiques d’éducation familiale (organisation au quotidien avecl’enfant) et les valeurs éducatives promues par les parents. Elle révèle qu’elles nes’organisent plus de la même façon avec, sur le plan pratique, la mise en place d’une logiqued’hétérogénéité situationnelle, un délitement de l’ « éducation de classe » mais aussi lapermanence des idéologies sexistes. Sur le plan axiologique, apparaît l’homogénéisationprédite par Fize (1990) avec l’adhésion massive des parents aux valeurs promues par lesfamilles de milieu favorisé (épanouissement personnel de l’enfant).Enfin, avec l’étude de la sensibilité à l’ordre scolaire (façon de se comporter des élèves faceaux règles de vie scolaire) la thèse montre en quoi les multiples injonctions au recours audialogue et à l’explicitation des règles en éducation ne font que renforcer les difficultéséducatives. Elle révèle, au contraire, que l’essentiel de ce qui se joue dans l’éducation est del’ordre de l’indicible et que le sens des règles réside dans leur usage. / This work is about family education, at the time when children’s status has changed. Thisnew status alters educational and authority relationships and questions the link betweenindividual and collectiv aspects of social life such as transmission. How do parents dealwith this sensitiv issue that is authority, torn between the democratic ideal and theconstraint that cannot be avoided in education ? How do they organize everyday life ? Isfamily organisation linked with children’s way to follow school rules ?Studying chilren and childhood representations, the issue of this work is to reveal thedynamics that contributed to family education evolution. Thus, the aim of this study is tounderstand the movement of family education while allowing to question educationnalauthority by combining family and school sociological approaches.The study focuses on parenting practices (parents’ daily organisation with their children)and educational values that parents promot. It reavels that they their organisation haschanged. Henceforth parenting practicises are structured by situational heterogeneity and« social class education » is less relevant to describe parenting practices unlike genderideologies. On the axiological level appears the educational homogenization that Fize(1990) predicted : parents massively join values promoted by privileged backgroundsfamilies (child’s personal development).Finally, with the notion of sensitivy to school form (students’ way to follow school rules),the thesis shows how, in education, dialogue and explication injonctions reinforceeducational difficulties. On the contrary, it reveals that most critical points in education areunspeakable and that the meaning of rules relies in their use.

Esta tese, que se insere na área de História e Historiografia da Educação, busca compreender os processos de construção do tempo das escolas primárias em São Paulo, entre os anos de 1846 e 1890, num momento em que os sistemas públicos primários de ensino emergiam no âmbito mundial. Particularmente, procura-se entender como as discussões que antecedem a criação das escolas graduadas (1893), corroboram o delineamento de um tempo próprio da escola. As fontes da legislação, dos relatórios de inspeção e dos professores além de outras fontes manuscritas como mapas de freqüência, livros de matrícula, circulares, ofícios, encontrados no Arquivo do Estado trazem elementos significativos acerca do que se entendia quanto a tempo escolar, quais as categorias que se faziam presentes, os desafios da construção de um tempo próprio da escola num momento em que a escola primária ainda não era considerada como responsável ou legítima para educar as crianças. Os conceitos de estratégias (Certeau), representações e apropriações (Chartier) sustentam o exame das fontes. Este trabalho evidencia a transição de um tempo da infância regulado por outras referências sociais para um tempo regulado também pela escola. Embora comporte diversas possibilidades analíticas, a expressão \"estudo sobre o tempo das escolas públicas primárias\" designa o conjunto de medidas e discussões tanto administrativo-organizacionais referentes ao calendário (dias letivos ou não, interrupções das aulas, feriados, férias, matrícula, exames); aos marcos como a idade e os horários e a quantidade de horas de permanência na escola; e à organização do tempo didático (Chevallard e Mercier). O que se chama de tempo didático integra a duração do ensino primário, a definição e ordenação dos conteúdos a serem desenvolvidos com as crianças, os modos de ensinar e aprender e o emprego do tempo. É visível, a partir de meados do século XIX, que cada um desses elementos da estrutura temporal da escola vai sendo arquitetado para integrar pouco a pouco uma temporalidade identitária da instituição escolar. Nesse processo, instalaram-se novos tempos para os professores, para os alunos, mas também para a sociedade em geral, e, de modo particular, para as famílias que tinham crianças nas escolas primárias. Ao situar-se num momento histórico que antecede o que há alguns anos foi consagrado pela literatura tradicional de História da Educação como o \"período áureo da educação brasileira\", de modo particular os anos 1890 e 1920, este estudo colabora com as discussões já iniciadas sobre a construção das escolas públicas primárias em São Paulo, mediante a ênfase no aspecto temporal. / This thesis, in the field of Education History and Historiography, aims to understand the processes by which time was constructed in elementary schools in São Paulo, between the years of 1846 and 1890. That was a period when public elementary systems of schooling arose in a worldwide set. It is of special interest to understand how the debates that occurred before the creation of graduated schools (1893), contributed to the definition of school times. This analysis has to consider the specific context of the society (slavery, monarchy, rural economy), its institutions dedicated to the education of childhood (as family and Church) and the school existent in the period. Through this analysis it is possible to contibute to the understanding of the specificities of school culture, considering that it is builted from a specific context in the intersection of social ends (Julia). This concept is also apprehended as the combination of influences from the norms, from those who act in teaching and scholar theories (Escolano). Considering that the school culture and form of the graduate school come from earlier periods (Julia, Vincent) we integrate to this text histories of time in other countries and the cultural influences of other periods and institutions. The documentary sources are the legislation, inspectors\' and teachers\' reports, as well as other manuscripts as freqüency maps, enrollment books and deliberations on everyday business found in the State Archive. These documents express strategies (Certeau), representations and appropriations (Chartier) and bring significant elements on what was understood as school time, what were the categories used and the challenges of the construction of a specific school time when the elementary school wasn\'t still perceived as the main and legitimate institution for the education of the children. In this sense, this research shows the transition of an infant time ruled by other social references to a time that is also regulated by the school. The generic expression \"study on the time of public elementary schools\" contemplates several analytical possibilities, however it refers here to a set of administrative and legal measures, as well as the debates. This set concerns the calendar (school days, hollydays, vacations, enrollment, tests); the milestones as proper school age as well as the distribution and total amount of hours students had to remain in school; also the organization of the didactic time (Chevallard e Mercier) that is a part of elementary schooling, the definition and organization of the contents to be taught to the children, ways of teaching and learning - all of that concerning to the employment of time. It is noticeable, since the middle of the XIXth. Century, that each and every one of these elements of school temporal structure was being planned to integrate progressively a temporality that is central to the identity of this institution. During this process, new times were imposed on teachers and students, but also on the general society and particularly on the families that had children in elementary schools. This analysis contributes to the debates on the construction of public elementary schools in São Paulo because it points out processes that emerged before the period that is traditionally considered by the History of Education as the \"golden ages\" of schooling in the country (especially the years of 1890 and 1920).