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An assessment of organisational performance management at the Drakenstein and Stellenbosch municipalitiesJessa, Fakier 03 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MPA) -- Stellenbosch University, 2012. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study set out to assess the degree to which organisational performance management (OPM) has been implemented at the Drakenstein and Stellenbosch municipalities. A purposive sampling protocol was used, as being representative of developing “B” municipalities. A mixed methodology was employed in lieu of satisfying a thorough triangulation.
The thesis objectives were to assess four components or themes of OPM, namely, (i) the objectives specified for OPM, (ii) capacity to implement OPM, (iii) resources available to implement OPM and (iv) the instrument(s) employed to measure organisational performance outcomes. The fifth objective was to construct a “normative” for OPM, for the chosen population, based on the findings from the assessment of the first four objectives stated.
The findings revealed that OPM was not institutionalised, or formalised in a manner that manifested a dedicated OPM department and operation. Findings revealed too, that there were many factors which led to “indistinctness” in the way OPM is regarded at the municipalities, as OPM is merged with the Integrated Development Plan (IDP) and Service Delivery and Budget Implementation Plan (SDBIP). One critical factor is that the IDP and SDBIP are not instruments designed to measure performance; hence ‘overall’ performance reports issued in the annual reports remain lacking in being comprehensive. The researcher stressed the importance of strategic planning beyond the IDP and the SDBIP and has motivated for a dedicated OPM function with strategic human resources planning. These measures would ensure the alignment of strategic objectives to the municipalities programme and departmental objectives. Furthermore, no clear separations of functions were found between OPM and the individual appraisal (IA) of senior and general employees as stated in the ‘performance management policies of both municipalities.
Chapter five of the study evaluates each of the four themes in terms of the survey results, literature and legislation reviews. For each of the four themes, critical success factors (CSF’s) for the implementation of OPM at the municipalities were constructed. In addition, the evaluation of information in chapter five provided a basis for the formulation of the normative framework presented in chapter six, which offers a “normative” picture of what would constitute effective and efficient OPM at both municipalities.
Taken together, the empirical findings, CSF’s and normative framework offers solution to the research problem, which was to conclude an assessment of OPM at the Drakenstein and Stellenbosch municipalities. It is envisaged that the results from this thesis would be of strategic value to the municipalities assessed. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die doel van hierdie studie was om die mate waarin organisatoriese prestasiebestuur (OPB) by die munisipaliteite van Drakenstein en Stellenbosch geïmplementeer is, te assesseer. Die steekproef is doelgerig gekies as verteenwoordigend van ontwikkelende “B”-munisipaliteite. ’n Gemengde metodologie is gebruik ten einde ’n deeglike triangulasie uit te voer.
Die doelstellings van die tesis was om vier komponente of temas van OPB te assesseer, naamlik (i) die doelstellings wat vir OPB gespesifiseer is, (ii) kapasiteit om OPB te implementeer, (iii) hulpbronne beskikbaar om OPB te implementeer en (iv) die instrument(e) wat gebruik is om organisatoriese prestasie-uitkomste te meet. ’n Vyfde doelstelling was om ’n ‘normatief’ vir OPB vir die steekproef saam te stel op grond van die bevindings van die assessering van die vier eersgenoemde doelstellings.
Die bevindings het aan die lig gebring dat OPB nie geïnstitusionaliseer of geformaliseer is op ’n wyse wat ’n toegewyde OPB-departement en -werksaamhede aan die dag lê nie. Die bevindings het ook getoon dat daar talle faktore is wat tot ‘onduidelikheid’ lei oor die manier waarop OPB by die munisipaliteite hanteer word, aangesien OPB in die Geïntegreerde Ontwikkelingsplan (GOP) en die Dienslewerings- en Begrotingsimplementeringsplan (DLBIP) opgeneem word. Een kritieke faktor is dat die GOP en DLBIP nie instrumente is wat ontwerp is om prestasie te meet nie, wat daartoe lei dat die ‘algehele’ prestasieverslae in die jaarverslag onvolledig sou bly. Die navorser beklemtoon die noodsaaklikheid van strategiese beplanning wat verder as die GOP en die DLBIP strek asook van ’n toegewyde OBP-funksie tesame met strategiese menslike hulpbron beplanning. Hierdie maatreël sal verseker dat strategiese doelstellings in ooreenstemming is met die munisipaliteite se program- en departementele doelstellings. Voorts is geen duidelike skeiding van funksies gevind tussen OPB en individuele beoordeling van die senior en algemene werknemers soos gestipuleer in die prestasiebestuursbeleide van die munisipaliteite nie.
In hoofstuk 5 word elk van die vier temas teenoor die resultate van die opname, die literatuur en ’n oorsig van wetgewing geëvalueer en vir elke tema word kritieke suksesfaktore gelys vir die implementering van OPB by die munisipaliteite. Hierbenewens vorm die evaluering van die inligting in hoofstuk 5 ’n grondslag vir die formulering van die normatiewe raamwerk wat in hoofstuk 6 aangebied word, wat ’n geheelbeeld gee van wat doeltreffende en doelmatige OPB by albei munisipaliteite behels.
Gesamentlik bied die empiriese bevindings, die kritieke suksesfaktore en die normatiewe raamwerk ’n antwoord op die navorsingsprobleem, naamlik om ’n assessering van OBP by die munisipaliteite wat in die steekproef verteenwoordig word, uit te voer. Die resultate van hierdie studie sal van strategiese waarde wees vir die munisipaliteite wat geassesseer is.
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An investigation into the challenges of transdisciplinary R&D : values, culture and the case of the BIOSSAM projectBrent, Alan Colin 03 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MPhil) -- Stellenbosch University, 2012. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The emerging classification of Sustainability-oriented Innovation Systems places an emphasis on the
social elements of change, as well as the technological. However, sustainability-oriented problems
are too vast for one person or discipline to comprehend; thus people tend to want to collaborate,
meaning they form teams. As a further extension to address sustainability-oriented problems, there
is an increasing emphasis on transdisciplinary research and development (R&D) efforts, whereby co-production
transgresses boundaries, and science becomes visible before it becomes certain. To
reach the objectives of transdisciplinary R&D efforts will require two key concepts: the gathering of
information from experts, namely knowledge transfer; and making connections between them,
namely knowledge integration. Nevertheless, challenges have been noted in terms of academic
tribes that impede teamwork, and, importantly, the lack of combined thought and action in R&D.
This research, which is compiled as two journal articles, explored the collaboration, between
disciplines, that has been described as the means of meeting the requirements of transdiscplinary
R&D to identify, structure, analyse and deal with specific problems in such a way that it can: grasp
the complexity of problems; take into account the diversity of life-world and scientific perceptions of
problems; link abstract and case-specific knowledge; and develop knowledge and practices that
promote what is perceived to be the common good. However, the latter brings into question how
values and culture influence collaboration and thus transdisciplinary R&D efforts. The first article set
out to investigate, from a literature analysis, how the culture and values of individuals in a
transdisciplinary R&D team, as well as those of the organisation, determine the potential success or
failure of the R&D effort. A conceptual framework is derived based on the theories of complexity, as
it relates to knowledge management, learning within organisations, cognitive and behavioural
approaches to culture and values, and communication. The framework also builds on previous
research that has been conducted with respect to the management of transdisciplinary R&D. The
second article then utilises the introduced conceptual framework for an in-depth investigation of a
case study in the bioenergy field. The R&D project, which spanned over three years in South Africa,
required a transdisciplinary team of engineers and scientists of various fields to collaborate with
stakeholders outside the R&D team. The case emphasises that the lack of disciplines to recognize,
understand and incorporate values and culture into R&D practices will lead to project failure; pre-empting
and managing expectations of social change (often) far outweigh the necessity for
technological change. A number of recommendations are thus made to improve R&D practices. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die opkomende klassifikasie van Volhoubaarheid-georiënteerde Innovasie Sisteme plaas 'n klem op
die sosiale elemente van verandering, sowel as die tegnologiese. Volhoubaarheid-georiënteerde
probleme is egter te groot vir een persoon of dissipline om te verstaan, dus neig individue om saam
te wil werk, wat beteken dat hulle spanne vorm. As 'n verdere uitbreiding om volhoubaarheidgeoriënteerde
probleme aan te spreek, is daar 'n toenemende klem op transdissiplinêre navorsing
en ontwikkeling (N&O) pogings, waardeur mede-produksie grense oortree, en die wetenskap sigbaar
word voor dit sekerheid bereik. Om die doelwitte van transdissiplinêre N&O pogings te bereik sal
twee sleutelkonsepte vereis: die insameling van inligting van deskundiges, naamlik die oordrag van
kennis, en die maak van skakels tussen hulle, naamlik kennis integrasie. Desondanks is die uitdagings
wel bekend in terme van akademiese stamme wat spanwerk belemmer, en, baie belangrik, die
gebrek aan gekombineerde denke en optrede in N&O.
Hierdie navorsing, wat saamgestel is as twee joernaal artikels, ondersoek die samewerking, tussen
dissiplines, wat al beklemtoon is vir die vereistes van transdissiplinêre N&O om spesifieke probleme
te identifiseer, struktuur, ontleed en hanteer in 'n manier wat: die kompleksiteit van probleme op 'n
verstaanbare wyse beskryf; rekening hou met die diversiteit van die lewe-wêreld en wetenskaplike
persepsies van probleme; abstrakte en geval-spesifieke kennis skakel; en die ontwikkeling van kennis
en praktyke bevorder wat beskou word as die algemene goed. Maar die laasgenoemde bring in
twyfel hoe die waardes en kultuur samewerkings, en dus transdissiplinêre N&O pogings, beïnvloed.
Die eerste artikel, met behulp van 'n literatuur-analise, ondersoek hoe die kultuur en waardes van
individue in 'n transdissiplinêre N&O span, sowel as dié van die organisasie, die potensiële sukses of
mislukking van die N&O poging bepaal. 'n Konseptuele raamwerk is afgelei wat gebaseer is op die
teorieë van kompleksiteit, soos dit verband hou met die bestuur van kennis, leer binne organisasies,
kognitiewe en gedrag benaderings tot kultuur en waardes, en kommunikasie. Die raamwerk bou op
vorige navorsing wat gedoen is met betrekking tot die bestuur van transdissiplinêre N&O. Die
tweede artikel gebruik dan die konseptuele raamwerk vir 'n in-diepte ondersoek van 'n gevallestudie
in die gebied van bio-energie. Die N&O-projek, wat gestrek het oor 'n tydperk van drie jaar in Suid-
Afrika, het van 'n transdissiplinêre span van ingenieurs en wetenskaplikes, van verskeie gebiede,
verwag om saam te werk met belanghebbendes buite die N&O-span. Die gevallestudie beklemtoon
die gebrek van dissiplines om waardes en kultuur te erken, verstaan en inkorporeer in N&O-praktyke
wat sal lei tot die mislukking van sulke projekte; vooruitskatting en die bestuur van die verwagtinge
van sosiale verandering is (dikwels) veel swaarder as die noodsaaklikheid van tegnologiese
verandering. 'n Aantal aanbevelings word derhalwe gemaak om N&O praktyk te verbeter.
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Material flow analysis of wood fuel in small urban areas : the case of Tsumeb NamibiaMlunga, Lydia 03 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2012. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The current ways in which the human population continues to utilise natural resources in
order to satisfy their lifestyle remains unsustainable. One such activity is the use of biomass
resources mainly for cooking, heating and boiling water which sustains an estimated 2.4
billion people living in developing countries. Biomass not only is the fourth largest energy
source after coal, oil and natural gas, but it is currently the largest renewable energy option
and yet it has received minimal attention especially from current energy debates in
developing countries. Literature shows cases of cities that remain ‘uncertain’ of their
development agendas (regarding energy). The uncertainty is a result of most cities relying
heavily on fossil fuel which is in most cases imported which minimises the possibilities of
cities to come up with sustainable energy projects. As cities continue to grow the supply of
this unsustainable energy puts cities in an uncertain position regarding the future energy
sources of their cities. There are cities that have now realised the importance of
understanding the flow of wood fuels in order to put in measures that can help manage the
resource better. Most of them use a GIS-based tool, Wood fuel Integrated Supply Demand
Overview Mapping Model (WISDOM) which was developed to analyse the wood fuel supply
and demand spatial patterns. Tsumeb is currently also moving in an ‘uncertain’ direction
especially when it comes to the energy needs of the town characterised by high electricity
tariffs, increased population leading to clearing of land, high unemployment rate and
distorted priorities (of the municipality). The Material Flow Analysis (MFA) of wood fuels in Tsumeb is highly dominated by the
informal sector. It remains unregulated and no attempt has been made to determine the
household energy flow. This study is the first attempt to determine the flow of this very
important household energy resource used more especially in winter. The survey revealed
that firewood is used to prepare one to two meals a day especially in the townships where
the households opt to consume one meal a day. Some consumers collect their own
firewood and often have to purchase wood fuels to meet their individual needs. The wood
fuel retailers that were surveyed in the study obtain their wood fuels from local commercial
farmers and use charcoal produced both in Namibia and South African. The commercial
farmers also form part of the informal sector as they supply some of the informal suppliers
and consumers. Some informal suppliers resort to open forests located far from their
homes, putting a lot of strain on the transport mechanisms. In order to ensure a sustainable
supply of household energy in Tsumeb, It is inevitable that a new paradigm is needed in the
current planning and development process of the town. Therefore for an effective implementation of policies aimed at developing wood fuels, local
conditions as well as the local wood fuel flows must be understood, grassroots initiatives
need to be built and community participation should be encouraged in order to get a
collective approach to issues that concerns and threatens their livelihoods. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die wyse waarop die mensdom natuurlike hulpbronne aanwend om aan die eise van hul
leefstyl te voldoen, bly onvolhoubaar. Een sodanige aktiwiteit is die gebruik van
biomassahulpbronne, hoofsaaklik vir kosvoorbereiding en ruimte- en waterverhitting.
Biomassahulpbronne onderhou geraamde 2,4 miljard inwoners van ontwikkelende lande.
Dit is nie net die grootste energiebron naas steenkool, olie en aardgas nie, maar is ook tans
die belowendste bron van hernubare energie. Tog ontvang dit weinig aandag.
Hoewel literatuur steeds merendeels oor gevalle handel wat ‘onseker’ is oor hul
ontwikkelingsagendas, is daar tóg diegene wat uiteindelik besef hoe belangrik dit is om die
vloei van houtbrandstof te begryp ten einde maatreëls te tref om dié hulpbron beter te
bestuur. Die meeste van hierdie lande gebruik GIS-gebaseerde instrument, naamlik die
WISDOM-model (“Wood-fuel Integrated Supply Demand Overview Mapping”), wat ontwikkel
is om die ruimtelike patrone van houtbrandstofvraag en -aanbod te ontleed.
Die Namibiese stad Tsumeb is een van die ‘onsekeres’, veral wat sy energiebehoeftes
betref, en word gekenmerk deur hoë elektrisiteitstariewe, groeiende bevolking wat al hoe
meer ontbossing tot gevolg het, hoë werkloosheidsyfers en verwronge prioriteite. Die
materiaalvloeiontleding wat in hierdie studie met betrekking tot die houtbrandstof in Tsumeb
onderneem is, word in groot mate deur die informele sektor oorheers. Hoewel die gebruik
van houtbrandstof steeds ongereguleerd is, is geen poging tot dusver aangewend om die
vloei van dié uiters belangrike huishoudelike energiebron, wat veral in die wintermaande
gebruik word, te bepaal nie. Die opname het getoon dat brandhout gebruik word om een tot
twee maaltye per dag te berei, veral in die townships waar die huishoudings meestal een
keer per dag eet. Party verbruikers maak hulle eie brandhout bymekaar, maar moet steeds
bykomende hout koop om in ál hulle behoeftes te voorsien. Die houtbrandstofhandelaars
wat aan die opname deelgeneem het, bekom hul houtbrandstof van plaaslike kommersiële
boere en van Namibiese sowel as Suid-Afrikaanse houtskoolverskaffers. Die kommersiële
boere maak ook deel uit van die informele sektor, aangesien hulle sommige informele
verskaffers en verbruikers van brandstof voorsien. Van die informele verskaffers wend hulle
tot die plaaslike oop woud wat ver van hulle huise geleë is, en plaas sodoende heelwat druk
op vervoerstelsels. Die enigste manier waarop Tsumeb sy huidige energie-onsekerheid te bowe kan kom, is
deur nuwe benadering tot houtbrandstof in te stel. Om beleid met betrekking tot die
ontwikkeling van houtbrandstof doeltreffend toe te pas, moet plaaslike omstandighede sowel Die enigste manier waarop Tsumeb sy huidige energie-onsekerheid te bowe kan kom, is
deur nuwe benadering tot houtbrandstof in te stel. Om beleid met betrekking tot die
ontwikkeling van houtbrandstof doeltreffend toe te pas, moet plaaslike omstandighede sowelDie enigste manier waarop Tsumeb sy huidige energie-onsekerheid te bowe kan kom, is
deur nuwe benadering tot houtbrandstof in te stel. Om beleid met betrekking tot die
ontwikkeling van houtbrandstof doeltreffend toe te pas, moet plaaslike omstandighede sowel Die enigste manier waarop Tsumeb sy huidige energie-onsekerheid te bowe kan kom, is
deur nuwe benadering tot houtbrandstof in te stel. Om beleid met betrekking tot die
ontwikkeling van houtbrandstof doeltreffend toe te pas, moet plaaslike omstandighede sowel as die plaaslike vloei van houtbrandstof dus beter begryp word; moet inisiatiewe op
voetsoolvlak tot stand gebring word, en moet gemeenskapsdeelname aangemoedig word.
Sodoende sal die mense van Tsumeb – huishoudings, owerhede én ondernemings –
gesamentlik kan reageer op kwessies wat hul bestaan beïnvloed en bedreig.
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Description of three environmental co-management systems in the Western CapePage, Raelene Renee 03 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MComm)--Stellenbosch University, 2012. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Environmental management is becoming an increasingly popular phrase as
businesses, organisations and communities are becoming more environmentally
conscious. Conservation areas are under a significant amount of pressure from
stakeholders to deliver effective collaboration and co-management strategies.
What was previously understood as fragmented and underdeveloped,
environmental conservation areas are now moving towards becoming
decentralised, self-regulated and holistic in nature. Previously discouraged public
involvement has now come to the forefront of government’s focus as public entities
can aid in providing promised service delivery to conservation areas.
As environmental conservation areas consist of a variety of ecosystems distributed
throughout South Africa, this research focuses on three different conservation
areas. The aim is to compare different managerial systems across the boundaries
of conservation management in the context of international case studies, the
South African government, as well as policy mandates already in place in the
conservation areas. The purpose of the study is to compare different collaborative
approaches by assessing the managerial methods within each of the chosen
conservation areas. The overall purpose is to assess the various levels of
stakeholder involvement by evaluating the levels of participation between the comanagement
areas and stakeholders involved.
A biosphere reserve, a water management system, and a land management
system were studied. For the biosphere reserve case study, the Cape West Coast
Biosphere Reserve was investigated. The Breede-Overberg Catchment
Management Agency was studied for the water management system case study,
and the Nuwejaars Wetlands Special Management Area was explored for the land
management system case study.
The methods used within this research comprised of conducting a literature study,
as well as conducting interviews with various participants from each of the
conservation areas involved. It was discovered that the Cape West Coast
biosphere reserve functions as a non-governmental organisation with numerous
exchangeable stakeholders. The Breede-Overberg catchment management agency
is government orientated with the South African government as the main
stakeholder. The Nuwejaars Wetlands special management area was established
as being a private organisation with a Land-Owners Association.
Research designs used include the evaluation research design and conceptual
analysis design. The results of the study showed that conservation areas within South Africa need to implement more co-management, increase awareness within
public and organisations’ spheres, increase institutional development, and
implement more strategic partnerships in terms of stakeholder engagement with
specific focus on private sector engagement. Tourism and sustainable scenario
planning have also been proven to increase the benefits of collaboration,
cooperation and co-management within each of the three conservation areas.
With the emerging trend of environmental sustainability and popularity increasing
in conservation, individuals on a global scale have become progressively more
aware of the problems facing environmental conservation areas. It is imperative
that a conservation area implements strategic collaborative resource management
practices which best suit the type of organisation, whether it is state-run, privately
run, or a non-governmental organisation. The best possible recommendation found
was that it is in a conservation area’s best interest to find the right combination of
solutions which work for a specific area instead of trying to implement a new,
singular solution. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Besighede, organisasies en gemeenskappe word al meer omgewingsbewus en dus
is die bestuur van die omgewing van meer belang. Bewaringsgebiede is onder ʼn
beduidende hoeveelheid druk vanaf belanghebbendes om doeltreffende
samewerking en mede-bestuur strategieë te lewer. In die verlede was sulke
gebiede onder-ontwikkel en gefragmenteer. Bewaringsgebiede is nou besig om in
gedesentraliseerde, self-regulerende en holistiese gebiede te word. Voorheen is
openbare betrokkenheid ontmoedig, maar die fokus het nou verskuif en die
regering se fokus is nou op openbare entiteite wat kan help met die verskaffing
van beloofde dienslewering aan bewaringsgebiede.
Bewaringsgebiede bestaan uit ʼn verskeidenheid van ekosisteme wat versprei is
oor die hele Suid-Afrika. Hierdie navorsingsprojek fokus op drie verskillende
bewaringsareas. Die doel hiervan is om verskillende bestuurstelsels te vergelyk
oor alle grense van bewaring in die konteks van internasionale gevallestudies, die
Suid-Afrikaanse regering sowel as die mandaat van beleid wat reeds in plek is in
die bewaringsgebiede. Daar word ook gepoog om die verskillende samewerkende
benaderings tot vergelyk te bring deur die beoordeling van die bestuurs-metodes
van elk van die gekose bewaringsgebiede. Die oorkoepelende doel is om die
verskillende vlakke van belanghebbende betrokkenheid vas te stel, deur die vlakke
van betrokkenheid tussen die mede-bestuurs gebiede en belanghebbendes te
evalueer.
ʼn Biosfeer-reservaat, waterbestuurstelsel en landbestuurstelsel is bestudeer. In
die geval van die biosfeer-reservaat gevallestudie is die Kaapse Weskus Biosfeerreservaat
ondersoek. Die Breede-Overberg Opvanggebied Bestuursagentskap is
vir die waterstelsel gevallestudie bestudeer en die Nuwejaars Vleilande Spesiale
Bestuursgebied was as bron vir die landbestuurstelsel gevallestudie gebruik.
Die metodes wat toegepas was in hierdie navorsing het bestaan uit die uitvoer van
literatuurstudies asook onderhoude, in samewerking met ʼn verkose deelnemer uit
elk van die bogenoemde bewaringsgebiede wat betrokke is. Daar is vasgestel dat
die Kaapse Weskus Biosfeer-reservaat funksioneer as ʼn nie-regeringsorganisasie
met verskeie uitruilbare belanghebbendes. Die Breede-Overberg Opvanggebied
Bestuursagentskap is regerings georiënteerd met die Suid-Afrikaanse regering as
die vernaamste belanghebbende. Die Nuwejaars Vleilande Spesiale
Bestuursgebied is gevestig as ʼn private organisasie met ʼn Land-huiseienaars
Vereniging.
Die navorsingsontwerpe wat toegepas was, sluit die evaluering van die
navorsingsontwerp sowel as ʼn konseptuele analise ontwerp in. Die resultate van
die studie dui aan dat die bewaringsgebiede in Suid-Afrika: meer mede-bestuur
moet implementeer; bewaringsbewustheid binne die openbare en organisasies se
sfere moet vergroot; dat daar ʼn verhoging in institusionele ontwikkeling nodig is
en dat die implementering van meer strategiese vennootskappe in terme van
betrokkenheid van belanghebbendes met spesifieke fokus op dat private sektor se
betrokkenheid nodig is. ʼn Toename in die voordele van samewerking sowel as
mede-bestuur binne al drie bewaringsareas kan toegeskryf word aan toerisme en
volhoubare scenario-beplanning.
Saam met die opkomende tendens van ʼn toename in die populariteit van bewaring
sowel as omgewings volhoubaarheid begin individue op ʼn globale skaal meer
bewus raak van die probleme wat die omgewings- en bewaringsgebiede in die
gesig staar. Dit is noodsaaklik dat bewaringsgebiede strategieë implementeer wat
samewerkende bestuur van die hulpbronne wat die beste pas by hulle tipe
organisasie, of dit nou onder staatsbeheer is, privaat bestuur word of nieregeringsorganisasies
is, bevorder. Die beste moontlike aanbeveling was dat dit in
ʼn bewaringsgebied se beste belange is om die regte kombinasie oplossings te vind
vir ʼn spesifieke area, eerder as om te probeer om ʼn nuwe, enkelvoud oplossing te
implementeer. / National Research Foundation
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Analysis of ICT in the Strategic Modernisation Programme of the Paraguayan Supreme CourtChamorro Ibarrola, Rosa Liz 03 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MPA)--Stellenbosch University, 2012. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Paraguayan Justice has been going through a period of deep transformation. The Justice has many challenges to face. Those challenges should be regarded as opportunities for transformation and not as threats.
It is a fact that information and communication technology (ICT) per se cannot solve all current challenges; however, it can offer solutions to the many problems that confront the judiciary. In that sense, ICT development becomes the best ally of Justice.
The Information, Technology, Processes, Objectives and values, Staff and skills, Management systems and structures, and Other resources (ITPOSMO) dimensions described by Heeks (2006) are applied as the basis for evaluating ICT in the judicial sphere. This research validates the opinion of the users with regard to ICT projects. Judges, court and administrative officials, managers and lawyers constitute the unit of analysis of this study. These stakeholders were interviewed and requested to complete a survey.
The study reveals the high level of relevance that ICT holds for the judiciary, in the sense of providing information and tools for interacting with different users. The objective of ICT is to act as support for improving court and administrative performance through the different ICT systems.
Nonetheless, this research has also uncovered limitations and flaws in the current information systems. These flaws tend to turn the benefits that ICT systems can bring into constraints.
This study makes various suggestions on how to overcome those flaws. The most important suggestion is the development of a holistic approach when ICT projects are conceived. Likewise, the early involvement of stakeholders who will be influenced by any ICT initiative should be encouraged. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Paraquay se Justisie het deur ‘n moeilike transformasie tydperk gegaan. Die Justisie het met baie uitdagings te doen gekry. Hierdie uitdagings moet beskou word as geleenthede vir transformasie en nie as bedreiginge nie.
Dit is ‘n feit dat inligting en kommunikasie tegnologie (IKT) op sigself nie alle huidige uitdagings kan oplos nie, alhoewel dit oplossings kan verskaf vir baie van die probleme wat die regbank ondervind. In hierdie opsig is IKT ontwikkeling die beste roete vir Justisie.
Die Inligting, Tegnologie, Prosesse, Doelwitte en waardes, Personeel en vaardighede, Bestuurstelsels en –strukture, en Ander hulpbronne (ITPDPBA) dimensies wat deur Heeks (2006) beskryf word, is gebruik as basis vir die evaluering van IKT in die regterlike omgewing. Hierdie navorsing staaf die opinie van die gebruikers wat betref IKT projekte. Regters, regs- en administratiewe beamptes, bestuurders en regsgeleerders vorm die eenheid van analise in hierdie studie. Onderhoude is met hierdie rolspelers gevoer en hulle is versoek om ‘n vraelys te voltooi.
Die studie het die hoë vlak van toepaslikheid wat IKT vir die regbank bied deur die voorsiening van inligting en hulpmiddels vir interaksie met verskillende gebruikers, onthul. Die doel van IKT is om as ondersteuning te dien om howe en die administrasie se werkverrigting te verbeter met behulp van verskillende IKT stelsels.
Nogtans het hierdie navorsing ook beperkinge en foute in die huidige inligtingstelsels bloot gelê. Hierdie foute neig om die voordele wat IKT stelsels kan bring, in beperkinge om te skakel.
Hierdie studie maak verskeie voorstelle oor hoe om daardie foute te oorkom. Die belangrikste voorstel is die ontwikkeling van ‘n holistiese benadering wanneer IKT projekte bedink word. Terseldertyd moet die vroeë betrokkenheid van rolspelers wat deur enige IKT inisiatief beïnvloed sal word, aangemoedig word.
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Implementing sustainable human settlementsSmeddle-Thompson, Lisa 03 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2012. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: In our rapidly urbanising world, the need for sustainable settlement planning,
particularly for the poor in developing countries, is essential. In South Africa,
apartheid spatial constructs segregated black population groups, denying them
equal access to economic opportunities; housing; as well as basic and social
services. After the first democratic elections in 1994, policy makers attempted to
redress these inequalities. Though early housing policy aimed to provide secure
tenure: permanent residential structures, and access to basic services for the poor,
these policies failed to meet the objectives of the policy makers. In articulating that
the state could not meet the needs of the homeless, and that housing for the poor
should be delivered within a normalized market in order to attract private investment,
these policies (which promoted private sector, contractor-driven development) only
served to heighten inequalities previously entrenched by the apartheid regime.
In 2004, after measuring delivery failures, policy makers empowered the state to
become an enabler of subsidised and low-income housing delivery, rather than
leaving housing provision solely to the market. The new policy included the use of
multiple finance and delivery mechanisms, multiple housing typologies, and clearly
expressed the need for capacity development. It also espoused the need for citizens
to become participants in sustainable settlement delivery. Despite this, policy
implementation continues to be fragmented and mostly ineffectual. Interviews, survey results and site visits reveal that there are some examples of
integrated sustainable human settlements in the South African (SA) context. A few
recent examples showcase better quality houses, a broader variety of housing
options and typologies, better locations, functioning developmental relationships and
the use of multiple financing mechanisms. Conversely, case studies and
comparative analysis of developments reveal that most projects designated as
Breaking New Ground (BNG) responsive by government officials (as defined in the
study) fail to meet BNG policy objectives. This study argues that low-income housing
provision continues to focus on the delivery of free-standing subsidy houses without
providing a range of typologies and tenure options. It argues that basic and socialservice
provision is intermittent and, at times, non-existent. It argues that current funding models for the development of sustainable human settlements in low-income
communities are unable to meet basic needs within communities. It shows that skills
scarcities within government prevent the acceleration of housing delivery and that
participation strategies have failed to meet the policy objective of enabling citizens to
become participants in sustainable settlement development.
In conclusion, it recommends that the current focus on and allocations of subsidies
toward ownership models for shelter and housing delivery be re-examined. It
suggests that support should be provided for lending institutions to extend finance to
creditworthy, low- and middle-income families. Additionally, accredited capacitybuilding
programmes should be developed and funded for local authorities, enabling
local government to be the sole driver of local development. It argues that capacity
should be built in community organisations to speed up delivery processes, and
recommends that provincial government’s power and authority be incrementally
devolved to local government as capacity is increased within local authorities. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Weens die snelle verstedeliking in Suid-Afrika het die behoefte aan beplanning van
volhoubare nedersettings noodsaaklik geword, veral vir armes in ontwikkelende
lande. Tydens apartheid is gesegregeerde swart gemeenskappe gelyke toegang tot
ekonomiese geleenthede, behuising, sowel as basiese en maatskaplike dienste
ontneem. Na 1994 het beleidmakers gepoog om hierdie ongelykhede reg te stel.
Hoewel vroeë behuisingsbeleid daarop gemik was om permanente residensiële
strukture wat toegang tot basiese dienste sou verseker, het hierdie beleid egter
gefaal. Toe die staat nie sy doelwitte kon bereik nie, is daar besluit om private
beleggings te lok. Hierdie privaatsektor gedrewe beleid, wat ontwikkeling binne 'n
genormaliseerde mark sou bevorder, het egter slegs gedien om ongelykhede te
verskerp. Dit is dan ook dieselfde ongelykhede wat voorheen in die apartheidsbeleid
verskans is.
In 2004, na besef is dat verskaffing misluk het, het beleidmakers die staat bemagtig
om te verseker dat gesubsidieerde behuising vir lae-inkomste groepe verskaf word,
eerder as om behuising slegs aan die private sektor oor te laat. Die nuwe beleid het
ingesluit die gebruik van verskeie finansiële en leweringsmeganismes, meervoudige
behuising-tipologieë, en het duidelik die behoefte aan kapasiteitsontwikkeling
vergestalt. Dit het ook die behoefte onderstreep wat daar bestaan vir landsburgers
om deel te neem aan die proses van lewering van volhoubare nedersettings. Ten
spyte hiervan is min sukses behaal.
Hierdie studie voer aan dat daar 'n paar voorbeelde van geïntegreerde volhoubare
menslike nedersettings in die Suid-Afrikaanse konteks bestaan. Onlangse
voorbeelde dui op huise van ‘n beter gehalte, 'n groter verskeidenheid van
behuisingsopsies en tipologieë, geskikter ruimtes, die funksionering van die
ontwikkelingsverhoudings en die gebruik van verskeie finansieringsmeganismes.
Aan die ander kant, alhoewel regeringsamptenare die meeste projekte aanvaar as
synde dat hulle voldoen aan die vereistes van Breaking New Ground (BNG),
voldoen hulle nie aan die vereistes van die BNG se beleid nie. Hierdie studie voer
aan dat die voorsiening van lae-inkomste-behuising bly fokus op die lewering van
subsidies vir vrystaande huise sonder dat 'n reeks tipologieë en ook opsies ten opsigte van verblyfreg verskaf word. Basiese en maatskaplike diensvoorsiening is
gebrekkig en soms totaal afwesig. Hierbenewens is die huidige finansiële modelle
vir die ontwikkeling van volhoubare menslike nedersettings in lae-inkomste
gemeenskappe nie in staat om in die basiese behoeftes van die gemeenskappe te
voorsien nie. Dis duidelik dat ‘n tekort aan vaardighede binne die regering verhoed
dat die lewering van behuising versnel en dat die strategieë vir deelname deur
burgers aan die proses ook gefaal het. Ten slotte beveel hierdie studie aan dat die
huidige stelsel vir die toekennings van subsidies vir die lewering van skuiling en
behuising weer nagegaan word. Ondersteuning moet gegee word aan instellings
wat finansiering voorsien en dit behoort uitgebrei te word na lae- en middel-inkomste
families wat kredietwaardig is. Kapasiteitsbou-programme behoort geskep te word
vir plaaslike owerhede wat dan alleen sal omsien na plaaslike ontwikkeling.
Gemeenskapsorganisasies behoort ook bemagtig te word om leweringsprosesse te
bespoedig. Die provinsiale regering se magte en gesag moet inkrementeel
oorhandig word aan plaaslike regering soos kapasiteit binne plaaslike owerhede self
uitbrei.
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Investigating the feasibility of a locally developed carbon-offsetting scheme : the case of the Drifters Desert Nature ReserveGibson, Sean 03 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2012. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: In the context of both climate change and peak oil, it is clear that the tourism industry cannot
continue with a business-as-usual approach. Unfettered fossil fuel use is no longer an option and
novel approaches need to be explored in order to change the configuration of energy systems.
Transport is particularly energy intense and consequently, since it involves travel, so is tourism.
The Drifters Desert Nature Reserve (DDNR) is probably a net carbon sink. The property is large
and has thousands of long lived trees and bushes: but this would be an ‘easy out’ in an industry
which is has a reputation for evading tough questions. Are there affordable techniques that can be
employed by the Reserve that will reduce its carbon footprint and enable it to move toward being
entirely carbon neutral, without relying on sequestration?
A willingness to pay (WTP) survey investigating if clients were prepared to pay a voluntary amount
towards reducing the emissions of the DDNR, thereby offsetting some of their own emissions, was
conducted; 121 questionnaires were completed. The results were extrapolated out to represent the
WTP of the 1055 clients that visited the DDNR in the last year. It was found that 73% of all the
clients who stay at the DDNR are willing to pay toward helping the DDNR change the way its
systems are configured as a means to offset some of their own emissions debt in getting to the
reserve. Lodge clients were prepared to pay almost double the amount clients staying at the
campsite would consider. In both cases, WTP was around 10% of the value of the accommodation
package chosen.
The fossil fuel use and consequent carbon dioxide debt of the DDNR was calculated and
emissions were found to be in the region of 30 tonnes per annum. As per the case in the greater
Namibia, transport is responsible for the bulk of the carbon dioxide output, with energy provision in
this off-grid reserve being a close second. Of four potential interventions considered, two were
found to be financially viable, regardless of the WTP of clientele.
It is speculated that WTP on a small scale is administratively laborious and the potential
contribution of a voluntary offsetting payment was perhaps not high to justify the implementation of
the scheme. It was however found that reconfiguring the energy systems would definitely be a
worthwhile exercise.
On corporate level where efficiencies of size amplify gains, Drifters, as a group of 14 lodges and an
overland company, may well find that a transparent voluntary emissions reduction (VER) payment,
ring-fenced, appropriately used, and properly implemented, is worthwhile.
Ethically, however, injecting VER payments into a balance sheet is problematic, especially where
the payback period of the technological interventions is short and the benefits derived are long
term. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die gebruik van fossielbrandstowwe wat in die huidige tydsgewrig tot die opwekking van oormatige
kweekhuisgasse lei is nie langer aanvaarbaar nie en innoverende opsies om die voortgesette
generasie van energie te verseker, sal nagestreef moet word. Een van die grootste verbruikers van
energie is vervoer, en vervolgens is dit ook die geval dat toerisme, wat swaar op vervoer
staatmaak, ‘n groot gebruiker van energie is.
Aangesien daar etlike gevestigde bome en bosse op hierdie woestynreservaat is, is die Drifters
Desert Nature Reserve (DDNR) moontlik ‘n netto bespaarder van koolstofgasse, maar dit kan nie
sondermeer daargelaat word in ‘n bedryf wat bekend is daarvoor dat dit graag die moeilike vrae
vermy nie. Daar is dus gevra: is daar bekostigbare tegnieke wat moontlik by die DDBR aangewend
kan word om die koolstofvoetafdruk te verminder en dit in staat kan stel om totaal koolstofneutraal
te word, sonder om op ingryping staat te maak?
Navorsing is gedoen en 121 vraelyste is voltooi om vas te stel of kliente gewillig sou wees om ‘n
vrywillige bydrae te maak om die afskeid van koolstof te beheer en daardeur hul eie
koolstofvoetafrdruk te verminder, in ‘n sg “gewilligheid om te betaal” oftewel “willingness to pay”
(WTP) opname. Die resultate is deurgevoer as verteenwoordigend van die 1 055 kliente wat
verlede jaar die oord besoek het. Daar is gevind dat 73% van die kliente wat die oord besoek
bereid sou wees om die DDNR geldelik te help om sy stelsels te verander as ‘n teenrekening om
hul eie koolstofbesoedeling op pad daarheen te vergoed. Kliente wat die losie gebruik het was
bereid om meer te betaal as diegene wat by die kampeerterrein tuisgegaan het.
Die hele reservaat se jaarlikse koolstofdioksied debiet is bereken, en die jaarlikse opwekking is op
ongeveer 30-tonne vasgestel. Nes in Namibie as geheel is vervoeruitlaatgasse verantwoordelik vir
die oorgrote meerderheid opwekking, met die voorsiening van energie by die afgelee oord kort op
sy hakke. Van die vier moontlike ingrypings wat oorweeg is, is twee finansieel die moeite werd
gevind, ongeag die kliente se gewilligheid om geldelik by te dra. Die bestuur van aanvraag is ook
oorweeg, en hoewel dit nie gekwantifiseer is nie, is dit nes die moontlikheid van tegnologiese
innovering, duidelik deel van die oplossing,
Daar is gevind dat ‘n stelsel van betaling op plaaslike vlak moeilik sou wees om die administreer,
en aangesien selfs die gewilliges nie oorgretig is nie, is daar tot die gevolgtrekking gekom dat dit
nie die moeite sou loon nie. Ongeag bogenoemde beginsel van toersitebydraes is daar gevind dat
dit ongetwyfeld die moeite werd sou wees om die energiestelsels aan te pas. Maar dit sal nie
noodwendig op ‘n korporatiewe of ‘n makro-skaal werk nie, veral nie waar grote ‘n rol speel nie. As
maatskappygroep mag Drifters vind dat met ‘n deursigtige, vrywillige uitlaatverminderingspaaiement,
wat afgebaken, korrek aangewend en effektief bestuur word, die kool die
sous werd sou wees.
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'Ilima', 'Izithebe' and the 'Green Revolution' : a complex agro-ecological approach to understanding agriculture in Pondoland and what this means for sustainability through the creation of 'Living Landscapes'Payn, Valerie 03 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2012. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This thesis uses local narratives to explore relationships between agrarian landscapes, agrarian land use practices and the traditional cultural perspectives of traditional amaMpondo farming communities living along Pondoland‟s Wild Coast, on the East Coast of South Africa.
This endeavour is based on theories that propose that human behaviour, including agrarian practice, is influenced by complex socio-cultural factors that shape cultural values, knowledge and world-views, and that are reflected in cultural narratives, and these influence the way different cultures relate to the surrounding environment. As a consequence of these cultural influences, different cultures use and shape the landscape in unique, culturally determined ways. Consequently, in human impacted landscapes attention needs to be paid to how cultural world-views, practices, customs and value systems influence the land use practices of the people inhabiting those landscapes.
Amongst traditional communities with a long history of habitation within particular landscapes, traditional land use practices and customs, including agrarian practices, need to be understood from the perspective of the opportunities and constraints that particular environments present.
Literature shows that a failure to understand relationships between culture and land use can led to the imposition of unsuitable development practices and policy on traditional cultures, and this can undermine cultural, agricultural and ecological diversity and lead to unsustainable models of development (Naveh, 1995; Antrop, 2005; Antrop, 2000; Capra, 2003; Capra, 1996; Nusser, 2001; Harding, S. 2006). Given the need to address development and agricultural practices that perpetuate unsustainable land use, an understanding of the nature of influencing relationships between landscape, land use and culture is particularly important
Despite the debilitating influences of a colonial history, many rural communities along the Pondoland Wild Coast still retain a strong sense of cultural identity that has deep roots in a traditional agrarian system, and this has given rise to a unique indigenous landscape. This study of traditional amaMpondo farming communities presents an opportunity to gain insights into how different cultural perspectives might shape and utilize the landscape and lead to alternative land use systems than the dominant industrial norm. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie tesis gebruik plaaslike narratiewe om die verhoudings tussen agrariese landskappe, landbou grondgebruik en die tradisionele kulturele perspektiewe van tradisionele amaMpondo boerdery gemeenskappe wat langs die Pondolandse Wildekus, aan die ooskus van Suid-Afrika voorkom te verken.
Hierdie strewe is gebaseer op teorieë wat voorstel dat menslike gedrag, insluitende agrariese praktyk, beïnvloed word deur die komplekse sosio-kulturele faktore wat kulturele waardes, kennis en wêreldbeskouings vorm, en wat weerspieël word in die kulturele verhale, wat dan weer invloed het op die wyse waarop die verskillende kulture verband hou met die omliggende omgewing. As gevolg van hierdie kulturele invloede, maak verskillende kulture in unieke, kultureel bepaalde wyse gebruik van die landskap. Gevolglik, in landskappe wat deur die mens beïnvloed word, moet aandag geskenk word aan hoe kulturele wêreldbeskouings, praktyke, gewoontes en die waarde stelsels die mense in hierdie provinsies se landgebruik be-invloed.
Tradisionele praktyke en kulture waaronder agrariese praktyke ingesluit is, moet in die tradisionele gemeenskappe wat 'n lang geskiedenis het van habitasie binne bepaalde landstreke, verstaan word vanuit die perspektief van geleenthede en beperkings wat hierdie besondere omgewings verteenwoordig.
Litteratuur toon dat die versuim om die verhoudings tussen kultuur en grondgebruik te verstaan, kan lei tot die oplegging van ongeskikte ontwikkelings praktyke en beleid op tradisionele kulture. Dit kan' n kultuur-, landbou-en ekologiese diversiteit ondermyn en lei tot onvolhoubare modelle van ontwikkeling (Naveh, 1995; Antrop, 2005; Antrop, 2000, Capra, 2003; Capra, 1996; Nusser, 2001; Harding, S. 2006). Om die behoefte te vul wat ontwikkeling en landbou-praktyke wat nie-volhoubare grondgebruik perpetueer, is 'n goeie begrip van die aard van die beïnvloedings verhoudings tussen landskap, grondgebruik en kultuur veral belangrik.
Ten spyte van die kreupelende invloed van 'n koloniale geskiedenis, het baie landelike gemeenskappe langs die Wildekus van Pondoland nog steeds' n sterk gevoel van kulturele identiteit wat diep wortels in 'n tradisionele agrariese stelsel het. Dit het aanleiding gegee tot' n unieke inheemse landskap. Hierdie studie van die tradisionele amaMpondo boerdery gemeenskappe bied 'n geleentheid aan om insig te verkry in hoe verskillende kulturele perspektiewe van die landskap kan vorm en gebruik maak en lei tot' n alternatiewe grondgebruik as die dominante industriële norm.
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Assessing the organizational support systems for human resources development in the chief directorate : strategic health progammes (North West Province)Setlhare, Itumeleng E. 03 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MPA)--Stellenbosch University, 2012. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: In order to enhance human resource development in the public service, the South African Government launched its first human resource development strategy in 2002. This strategy was implemented over a period of four years. It was subsequently followed by another strategy, called the Human Resources Development (HRD) Strategic Framework Vision 2015, which was published by the Department of Public Service and Administration (the DPSA) in 2008. One of the pillars of the latter strategy, which is also the focus of this study, is organizational support systems.
The aim of this study was to determine whether the Chief Directorate: Strategic Health Programmes (CD:SHP) successfully implements, as designed in the departmental HRD plan, the three strategic interventions related to organizational support systems. The objectives were to – assess the alignment of the organizational support systems in the Chief Directorate with the overall departmental organizational support systems (as stated in the HRD plan);
- identify factors that hamper proper implementation of the departmental organizational support systems in the Chief Directorate; and
- propose key strategic interventions to ensure successful implementation of the departmental organizational support systems.
The organizational support system pillar has eleven strategic interventions, but, due to resources constraints, only three were investigated. These are:
- to promote effective human resource planning in terms of demand for skills and training in public sector organizations;
- to strengthen structures, systems and processes for the performance management and development in the public service; and
- to groom and foster in-house capacity through effective career planning and talent management in departments of government.
The process/implementation evaluation approach, with semi-structured interviews and questionnaire, was employed for this study. A mixed methodology, which covered the breadth of the quantitative method and the depth of the qualitative method, was used in this study. The findings indicated that the CD: SHP is not successfully implementing the pillar as designed by the departmental HRD plan. Among others, the following were identified as responsible for poor implementation:
- lack of policy, strategy or guideline on HRD;
- understaffed HRD units;
- lack of coordination and cooperation between and among the stakeholders responsible for HRD (e.g. Human Resource Management( HRM), Performance Management and Development System (PMDS) and line managers); and
- abdication of the performance management responsibility vested in managers.
Key strategic interventions proposed to remedy the situation, among others, include:
- reviewing the structure of the HRD directorate and filling, as a matter of urgency, all vacant posts;
- reviving the committee responsible for coordinating HRD activities;
- implementing and coordinating all HRD activities, from the HRD directorate, aimed at developing workplace skills plans and the effective utilization of personal development plans;
- developing the blueprint for succession-planning and staff-retention strategies; and
- assuring that PMDS becomes one of the key performance areas of all supervisors and managers in the Chief Directorate and that, regarding non-compliance, consistent sanctions be applied across all levels. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die Suid-Afrikaanse regering het in 2002 sy eerste menshulpbronontwikkeling (MHO)-strategie vir die staatsdiens in werking gestel om die uitbouing van dié hulpbron te bevorder. Hierdie strategie is oor ‟n vier jaar periode geïmplementeer en in 2008 opgevolg deur nog een, naamlik die Visie 2015 Strategiese Raamwerk vir Mensehulpbronontwikkeling (SRM), soos gepubliseer deur die Departement Staatsdiens en Administrasie (DPSA). Een van laasgenoemde strategie se steunpilare, wat ook die hooffokus is van hierdie studie, is organisatoriese ondersteuningstelsels.
Die doelwit van hierdie studie was om te bepaal of die Hoofdirektoraat: Strategiese Gesondheidsprogramme (H:SG) sukses behaal met die implementering van programme, soos uiteengesit in die departementele MHO-plan se drie strategiese intervensies, veral met betrekking tot die organisatoriese ondersteuningstelsels. Die doel was om – te bepaal hoedanig die gerigdheid is tussen die organisatoriese ondersteuningstelsels in die Hoofdirektoraat en die algemene departementele ondersteuningstelsels (soos uiteengesit in die MHO-plan);
- te identifiseer watter faktore behoorlike implementering van die departementele organisatoriese hulpsisteme in die Hoofdirektoraat belemmer; en
- strategiese sleutelintervensies voor te stel wat suksesvolle implementering van die departementele organisatoriese hulpstelsels sal verseker.
Die organisatoriese ondersteuningstelsel-pilaar het elf strategiese intervensies, maar, as gevolg van beperkings op beskikbare bronne, is net drie ondersoek. Hierdie intervensies is nodig om:
- die beplanning van effektiewe mensehulpbronontwikkeling, in terme van die bestaande behoefte na vaardighede en opleiding in openbaresektor organisasies, te bevorder;
- strukture, sisteme en prosesse vir prestasiebestuur en ontwikkeling in die staatsdiens te versterk; en
- bestaande kapasiteit ten opsigte van mensekapitaal voor te berei, touwys te maak en te koester, deur effektiewe loopbaanbeplanning en talentbestuur binne regeringsdepartemente. Die proses/implementering evaluasie-benadering, met gedeeltelik gestruktureerde onderhoude en vraelyste, is vir hierdie ondersoek gebruik. ‟n Gemengde metodiek, wat die wydte van die kwantitatiewe metode en die diepte van die kwalitatiewe metode inspan, is vir hierdie studie aangewend.
Die bevindings het aangedui dat die H:SG nie daarin slaag om die betrokke pilaar, soos deur die departementele MHO-plan ontwerp, te implementeer nie. Die volgende redes is, onder andere, geïdentifiseer as verantwoordelik vir die swak implementering:
- gebrek aan beleid, strategie en leiding ten opsigte van MHO;
- onderbemande MHO-eenhede;
- gebrek aan koördinasie en samewerking tussen belanghebbendes (asook onderling) wat verantwoordelik is vir MHO (byv. Mensehulpbronbestuur (MHB), Prestasiebestuur en Ontwikkelingsisteem (PBOS) en lynbedtuurders); en
- afstandoening van hulle prestasiebestuursverpligtinge wat aan bestuurders opgedra is.
Strategiese sleutelintervensies wat voorgestel word om die situasie te herstel, sluit o.a. in:
- die hersiening van die struktuur van die MHB-direktoraat en, as ‟n saak van dringendheid, die vul van alle vakante poste;
- die herinstelling van die komitee verantwoordelik vir die koördinering van MHO-aktiwiteite;
- die implementering en koördinering van alle MHO-aktiwiteite van die MHO-direktoraat, sodat vaardighede by die werkplek ontwikkel word en die effektiewe aanwending van persoonlike ontwikkelingsplanne plaasvind;
- die ontwikkeling van ‟n bloudruk vir personeel opvolgbeplanning en strategieë om personeel te behou; en
- die versekering dat PBOS een van die sleutel prestasie-areas sal wees wat alle supervisors en bestuurders in die Hoofdirektoraat sal toepas en, in geval van nalatigheid in hierdie verband, strafmaatreëls op alle bestuursvlakke toegepas sal word.
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Overcoming energy constraints on future development in Stellenbosch through energy efficiency : retrofitting of solar hot water heaters and gas stoves in middle and high income households in the residential sectorNyabadza, Munyaradzi Christine 03 1900 (has links)
Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2012. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: South Africa faces an energy crisis which presents itself in two forms; electricity generation dominated by coal fired power stations and current electricity supply capacity being unable to meet growth in demand. South Africa urgently requires new generation capacity: however, power stations take time to plan, construct and commission, meaning that South Africa has to consider other options to meet electricity demand. This necessitates quick and innovative ways of meeting future demand.
Energy efficiency has been identified as “a low hanging fruit” on the energy tree to address supply constraints and reduce energy related greenhouse gas emissions. There are various energy efficiency programmes aimed at raising awareness of measures that households can take to reduce energy consumption. Some of South Africa’s key objectives of energy efficiency in the residential sector are to mitigate the effect of peak demand on power capacity and to introduce state of the art technologies. In terms of these technologies, there is an overlap between energy efficiency and renewable energy.
The widespread installation of renewable energy technologies such as SWHs has the potential to delay the need to construct new power stations. SWHs are a viable renewable energy option for South Africa. It is a mature and proven technology with the potential to address South Africa’s electricity capacity problems. Not only does a SWH provide financial savings to the customer in the long run but it offers the additional benefit of a reduction in greenhouse gas emissions to society. Although awareness of the benefits of solar water heaters is increasing, SWH uptake remains low. However the uptake is increasing due to; a SWH rebate offered through Eskom, electricity price increases which are forcing consumers to seek alternatives and a national building code requiring energy efficient water heating in new buildings which is expected to come into effect in 2012. Liquid Petroleum Gas is a low carbon emitting source of fuel for cooking. In South Africa, middle–high income households rely on the electric stove for cooking. Cooking contributes to electricity peak demand. Reducing electricity demand by replacing the electric stove would help in reducing electricity peak demand from the grid. LPG use has been increasing due to the following reasons; electricity supply shortages, shifting government policy on LPG and increasing electricity tariffs forcing lifestyle changes.
This case study sought to investigate the opportunities, as well as the barriers for a Stellenbosch municipality - initiated energy efficiency programme. In terms of energy supply and demand management, the municipality has identified energy efficiency and the introduction of renewable energy sources as options for achieving sustainability. One of the barriers facing energy efficient technologies is up-front costs in the case of SWHs and the cost of appropriate equipment such as gas stoves in the case LPG. The study sought to investigate financial mechanisms that the municipality could use to overcome these barriers and promote the use of SWH and gas stove in the residential sector. Data was collected through a combination of a mini Delphi – expert opinion technique, questionnaires, secondary data analysis, telephone and personal interviews with solar water heater industry stakeholders, LPG industry stakeholders and municipal officials.
The conclusion drawn from this research is that Stellenbosch Municipality can initiate its own energy efficiency programme instead of waiting for national government. Although the municipality can initiate an energy efficiency programme, it needs to find another institution to fund the programme. Funding mechanisms however do overcome the barrier of high up -front costs and high gas equipment costs making energy efficient technologies affordable. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Suid-Afrika staan voor ʼn energiekrisis wat op twee maniere gestalte kry: elektrisiteitsopwekking wat oorheers word deur steenkoolkragstasies en huidige elektrisiteitsvoorsieningsvermoë wat nie in die groeiende aanvraag kan voorsien nie. Suid-Afrika benodig dringend nuwe kragontwikkelingsvermoë. Dit neem egter tyd om kragstasies te beplan, op te rig en in diens te stel, wat beteken dat Suid-Afrika ander opsies moet oorweeg om in elektrisiteitsaanvraag te voorsien. Dit noodsaak vinnige en innoverende maniere om in toekomstige aanvraag te voorsien.
Energierendement is as “ʼn laaghangende vrug” op die energieboom geïdentifiseer ten einde beperkings in kragvoorsiening die hoof te bied en kweekhuisgasuitlatings wat met energie verband hou te verminder. Daar is verskeie energiebesparingsprogramme wat ten doel het om die bewustheid te versterk van maatreëls wat huishoudings kan volg om energieverbruik te verminder. Van Suid-Afrika se vernaamste doelstellings ten opsigte van energierendement in die residensiële sektor is om die uitwerking van spitsaanvraag op kragvermoë te verlig en om die jongste tegnologie in te voer. Ingevolge hierdie tegnologieë is daar ʼn oorvleueling tussen energierendement en hernubare energie.
Die algemene installering van hernubare energietegnologieë, soos sonkragwaterverwarming (SWV), het die potensiaal om die noodsaaklikheid van die oprigting van nuwe kragstasies uit te stel. SWV is ʼn lewensvatbare nuwe energieopsie vir Suid-Afrika. Dit is ʼn ontwikkelde en bewese tegnologie met die potensiaal om Suid-Afrika se probleme ten opsigte van elektrisiteitsvermoë die hoof te bied. SWV sorg nie slegs vir die kliënt vir finansiële besparing op die lang duur nie, maar dit bied ook vir die samelewing die bykomende voordeel van ʼn afname in kweekhuisgasuitlatings. Alhoewel die bewustheid van die voordele van sonkragwaterverwarming toeneem, bly die gebruik van SWV laag. Die gebruik is egter besig om toe te neem vanweë ʼn SWV-korting wat deur Eskom aangebied word, elektrisiteitsprysverhogings wat verbruikers dwing om alternatiewe te soek, en ʼn nasionale boureglement wat energiedoeltreffende waterverwarming in nuwe geboue vereis en wat na verwagting in 2012 in werking sal tree.
Vloeibare petroleumgas is ʼn brandstofbron wat vir kook gebruik word en wat ʼn lae koolstofvrystelling het. In Suid-Afrika gebruik huishoudings met ʼn middelhoë inkomste die elektriese stoof om te kook. Kook dra by tot elektrisiteitspitsaanvraag. Die vermindering in elektrisiteitsaanvraag deur die vervanging van die elektriese stoof kan help om die elektrisiteitspitsaanvraag op die netwerk te verlaag. Die gebruik van VPG het toegeneem weens die volgende redes: elektrisiteitsvoorsieningstekorte, veranderende regeringsbeleid ten opsigte van VPG en die verhoging in elektrisiteitstariewe wat veranderinge in lewenstyl afdwing.
Hierdie gevallestudie het gepoog om die geleenthede, sowel as die hindernisse vir ʼn energierendementprogram wat deur Stellenbosch Munisipaliteit geïnisieer is, te ondersoek. Ten opsigte van energievoorsiening en -aanvraagbestuur het die munisipaliteit energierendement geïdentifiseer en die ingebruikneming van hernubare-energiebronne as opsies om volhoubaarheid te bereik. Een van die hindernisse waarvoor energierenderende tegnologieë te staan kom, is voorkostes in die geval van SWV en die koste van toepaslike toerusting soos gasstowe in die geval VPG. Die studie het ondersoek ingestel na die finansiële meganismes wat die munisipaliteit sou kon gebruik om hierdie hindernisse te bowe te kom en die gebruik van SWV en gasstowe in die residensiële sektor te bevorder. Data is ingevorder deur middel van ʼn kombinasie van ʼn mini-Delphi – kennermeningtegniek, vraelyste, sekondêre data-ontleding, telefoon- en persoonlike onderhoude met belanghebbendes in die sonkragwaterverwarmingsbedryf, belanghebbendes in die VPG-bedryf en munisipale amptenare.
Die gevolgtrekking wat uit hierdie navorsing gemaak word, is dat Stellenbosch Munisipaliteit sy eie energierendementprogram kan inisieer in plaas daarvan om vir nasionale regering te wag. Alhoewel die munisipaliteit ʼn energierendementprogram kan inisieer, moet dit ʼn ander instelling kry om die program te befonds. Befondsingsmeganismes oorkom egter die struikelblok van hoë voorkostes en hoë kostes van gastoerusting wat energierenderende tegnologieë bekostigbaar maak.
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