The Triple Helix of university-industry-government relations is elaborated into a systemic model that accounts for interactions among three dimensions. By distinguishing between the respective micro-operations, this model enables us to recombine the â Mode 2â thesis of a new production of scientific knowledge and the study of systems of innovation with the neo-classical perspective on the dynamics of the market. The mutual information in three dimensions provides us with an indicator for the self-organization of the resulting network systems. The probabilistic entropy in this mutual information can be negative in knowledge-based configurations. The knowledge base of an economy can be considered as a second-order interaction effect among interactions at interfaces between institutions and functions in different spheres. Proximity enhances the chances for couplings and, therefore, the formation of technological trajectories. The next-order regime of the knowledge base, however, can be expected to remain pending as selection pressure.

European Journal of Social Theory 10(3)(2007; forthcoming) / Forthcoming in 2007 in the European Journal of Social Theory 10 (3). The intellectual organization of the sciences cannot be appreciated sufficiently unless the cognitive dimension is considered as an independent source of variance. Cognitive structures interact and co-construct the organization of scholars and discourses into research programs, specialties, and disciplines. In the sociology of scientific knowledge and the sociology of translation, these heterogeneous sources of variance have been homogenized a priori in the concepts of practices and actor-networks. Practices and actor-networks, however, can be explained in terms of the self-organization of the cognitive code in scientific communication. The code selects knowledge claims by organizing them operationally in the various discourses; the claims can thus be stabilized and potentially globalized. Both the selecting codes and the variation in the knowledge claims remain constructed, but the different sub-dynamics can be expected to operate asymmetrically and to update with other frequencies.

Authors: E. Bassecoulard, D. deB. Beaver, H.-J. Czerwon, M. Davis, K. Fuchs-Kittowski, L. Fuglsang, S. Gerasimova, W. Glänzel, J. Gläser, Y. Guo, F. Havemann, H. Kretschmer, R. Kundra, L. Lange, G. Laudel,,L. Liang, Z. Liu, U. Matzat, à . Must, Y. Okubo, R. Rousseau, S.L. Sangam, D. Tomov, R. Wagner-Döbler, Y. Wang, V. Wenzel, C.S. Wilson, Y. Wu, M. Zitt

A review of Bowker's 2006 book published by MIT Press.

This article addresses the political role of information technology in the Philippines. It uses a theoretical framework inspired by Antonio Gramsci to examine the discourse surrounding automated elections in two major daily papers, the Philippine Daily Inquirer and Business World Philippines. It argues that this discourse strengthens current conceptions of the development process by appealing to the interests not only of the dominant fraction of capital in the country today, but also to the middle class. Such operations are essential for the creation of a historic bloc capable of exercising hegemony.

In today's knowledge-based and competitive economy, research and development (R&D) efforts are increasingly geographically distributed across multiple institutions. This chapter explores the management of cognitive and affective trust and distrust within a new type of geographically distributed and multi-institutional R&D organization, called the conceptual organization. Both cognitive and affective trust are important to the conceptual organization because it relies on collaboration among individual members to achieve its goals, and collaboration is not possible without cognitive or affective trust. Data from a 2-year case study of a conceptual organization illuminates how the organization's structure, use of power and information and communications technology (I&CT) shape and are shaped by cognitive and affective trust. Tightly coupled collaboration appears to only emerge in situations where high cognitive and affective trust simultaneously exist, and no collaboration will emerge in situations with high cognitive and affective distrust exist. In comparison, limited collaboration emerges when affective trust and cognitive distrust exist concurrently, and competitive collaboration appears to emerge when cognitive trust and affective distrust exist concurrently. Different mechanisms to manage the collaboration emerged in these situations. These results help inform our understanding of cognitive and affective trust and distrust, and their management in R&D.

A review of Bowker's 2006 book published by MIT Press.

The Centre for Management of Innovation and Technology (CMIT) of the International Management Institute (www.imi.edu), New Delhi organized the Second Workshop on "Creation and Dissemination of Knowledge" during 15-17 October, 2008 at the National Institute of Technical Teachers' Training and Research (NITTTR), Chandigarh. The Workshop was organized in association with the Department of Scientific and Industrial Research (DSIR), Ministry of Science and Technology, Government of India. The focus of this Workshop was creation and dissemination of knowledge in the backdrop of India's aspirations to emerge as a knowledge economy and compete with the developed world. To meet this purpose, the Workshop discussed major factors that impinge on the creation and dissemination of knowledge. For pursuing its objectives, the Workshop discussed, among others, trends and prospects of socio-economic and technological growth, role of knowledge in supporting growth, policy statements, and the role of government, research institutes, universities and corporate sector in promoting knowledge creation and dissemination. The Workshop was conducted in an interactive mode through a mix of lectures and discussions. Workshop proceedings contain following background papers: (1) India as a Leading Player in the Global Knowledge Economy (M. K. Khanijo); (2) Trends and Prospects of Socio-economic and Technological Growth and Role of Knowledge in Supporting Growth across Indian States: A Co-integration and Causality Approach (Arindam Banik and Shromon Das); (3) Managing Knowledge Creation and the Knowledge Organization (Parthasarathi Banerjee); (4) Increasing Innovation & Productivity with Knowledge â Integrating Workers in the Organisation Larger System (Y.K. Anand and Manmohan Singh); (5) Human Resource Development and Utilization in R&D Activities (M. K. Khanijo); (6) Knowledge Management Practices and Application in Pharma Company: Case Study (Gunmala Suri); (7) Knowledge Management for Educational Practices and Policy Making in Technical Education (Ganesh Dalvi and K.M. Rastogi); (8) Knowledge Process Outsourcing (KPO) in India - Opportunities, Trends and Skills (D.D. Sharma); (9) Bibliography on Knowledge Management (compiled by M.K. Khanijo); (10) Glossary of Terms in Knowledge Management: Draft Indian Standard (Bureau of Indian Standards).

Environment and Planning B (forthcoming) / To be published in Environment and Planning B (2007; forthcoming). Abstract: The citation impact of Environment and Planning B can be visualized using its citation relations with journals in its environment as the links of a network. The size of the nodes is varied in correspondence to the relative citation impact in this environment. Additionally, one can correct for the effect of within-journal â selfâ -citations. The network can be partitioned and clustered using algorithms from social network analysis. After transposing the matrix in terms of rows and columns, the citing patterns can be mapped analogously. Citing patterns reflect the activity of the community of authors who publish in the journal, while being cited indicates reception. Environment and Planning B is cited across the interface between the social sciences and the natural sciences, but its authors cite almost exclusively from the domain of the Social Science Citation Index.

Networks of communication evolve in terms of reflexive exchanges. The codification of these reflections in language, that is, at the social level, can be considered as the operating system of society. Under sociologically specifiable conditions, the discursive reconstructions can be expected to make the systems under reflection increasingly knowledge-intensive. This sociological theory of communication is founded in a tradition that includes Giddens' (1979) structuration theory, Habermas' (1981) theory of communicative action, and Luhmann's (1984) proposal to consider social systems as self-organizing. The study also elaborates on Shannon's (1948) mathematical theory of communication for the formalization and operationalization of the non-linear dynamics. The development of scientific communications can be studied using citation analysis. The exchange media at the interfaces of knowledge production provide us with the evolutionary model of a Triple Helix of university-industry-government relations. The construction of the European Information Society can then be analyzed in terms of interacting networks of communication. The issues of sustainable development and the expectation of social change are discussed in relation to the possibility of a general theory of communication.