The tragedy of Pan Am Flight 103 explosion over Lockerbie, Scotland shocked the world for we never get used to such atrocities. However, the scope of the tragedy was more than just an aircraft explosion. It shook the very foundations upon which the United Nations system rests. It also served as a catalyst to the reevaluation of the established United Nations legal order. The Security Council as well as the International Court of Justice found themselves thrown in a direct collision course by the exercise of their respective powers. This thesis will analyze the events that lead to such a legal and political impasse and look into the legal issues involved. / The first Chapter will retrace the events leading to the determination of the cause of accident as well as the identification of the suspects. Will also be examined the series of steps taken to bring the suspects to justice as well as obtain Libya's cooperation. We will finally look into the legal principles applicable to the situation such as those contained in the United Nations Charter, the Montreal Convention as well as those included in general international law. / The second Chapter will be devoted to the legal study of the United Nations Charter, specifically the provisions concerning the Security Council's and the International Court of Justice's powers as well as the general obligations the Charter imposes on them. / Finally, the last Chapter will focus on the complex issue of relationship between the Security Council and the International Court of Justice.

The Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) is a regional economic forum composed of 21 member economies of diverse cultural heritage and varying levels of economic development. By deliberately avoiding to become a formalized free trade arrangement like the EU or the NAFTA, APEC has committed to the principle of "open regionalism", meaning that liberalization achievements are not preferential to APEC members only. APEC has evolved rapidly since its formation in 1989. Begun as an informal dialogue group, APEC has expanded to become the primary vehicle for promoting open trade and economic cooperation in the Asia-Pacific region. / APEC is also one of the few multilateral economic organizations that actively embraces China as a committed partner in the global trade and investment dialogue. Economic reform and open door policies implemented over the last two decades have transformed China from a closed economy into a major trading power. China, which for more than a decade has unsuccessfully sought to join the GATT/WTO, finds APEC to be of immense symbolic and practical value. As a major member of APEC, China has made constructive role in the APEC process. With its dynamic economic growth and continuing economic reforms, China is poised to play an even greater role in APEC in the near future.

Since the late 1970s, the EU has attempted to alleviate gendered labour market inequality throughout its member states with the help of a set of gender equitable policies. While some progress was achieved, both the gender wage gap and the glass ceiling remain firmly in place. Subsequently, women throughout the EU are severely underpaid and under-represented in positions of leadership and power, suggesting that the problem is far from being solved. Why does such blatant gender inequality persist in spite of policies meant to alleviate it? Policies are only as effective as the degree to which they are implemented. This thesis will suggest that the implementation of equity policy is impeded due to a process that renders EU equitable policy less effective than it could be otherwise. Consequently, the policy process needs strengthening and policies need wider utilization by multiple stakeholders, as well as domestic employers to yield greater results. / Depuis la fin des années 1970, l'UE s'est efforcée de réduire les inégalités entre les hommes et les femmes dans le marché du travail des pays membres en établissant des politiques de traitement équitable entre les sexes. Bien qu'on ait fait certains progrès, la disparité salariale entre les sexes et le plafond de verre sont encore fermement en place. En conséquence, les femmes de l'UE sont remarquablement sous-payées et sous-représentées dans les postes de leadership et de pouvoir, ce qui semble démontrer que le problème est loin d'être résolu. Pourquoi une inégalité aussi criante persiste-t-elle malgré les politiques visant à redresser la situation? Les politiques ne sont efficaces que dans la mesure où elles sont mises en œuvre. Cette thèse suggère que la mise en œuvre de la politique d’équité de l’UE est entravée par un processus qui nuit à son efficacité. Par conséquent, si l’on veut atteindre les objectifs visés, il faut renforcer le processus de mise en œuvre de la politique et voir à ce que cette dernière soit plus généralement appliquée par les nombreuses parties intéressées et les employeurs des pays membres.

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Abstract: There is a near-consensus among governments, scientists, and the media that climate change poses a genuine threat to state security. Despite this consensus, the results of cooperative efforts to deal with this threat have been unimpressive. This thesis attempts to explain the divergence between the discourse on climate change and state behaviour by constructing a neorealist theory of cooperation on climate change. The argument comprises two central hypotheses. First, as the vulnerability of a state to climate change increases, it will be more willing to cooperate. Second, as the military threat to national security decreases, states will be more willing to cooperate. These hypotheses are supported by secondary hypotheses that posit a relationship between system-level variables and the level of cooperation. Statistical methods are used to test these propositions. The results do not support the hypothesized relationships. / Résumé:Les gouvernements, les scientifiques et les médias sont presque unanimes au sujet des changements climatiques. Selon eux, ces changements menacent la sécurité étatique. Malgré ce consensus, les résultats de la coopération pour résoudre ce problème ont été décevants. Cette thèse vise à expliquer cette divergence entre les déclarations et les actions des états en construisant une théorie néoréaliste de coopération au sujet des changements climatiques. La thèse comprend deux hypothèses centrales. Premièrement, alors que le niveau de vulnérabilité d'un état aux changements climatiques augmente, l'état sera plus enclin à coopérer. Deuxièmement, tandis que la menace militaire diminue, il est plus probable qu'un état coopère. Ces deux hypothèses centrales sont complétées par des hypothèses secondaires qui proposent une relation entre des variables au niveau systémique et la coopération. Des méthodes statistiques ont été utilisées pour tester ces relations. En fin de compte, les résultats ne supportent aucuns des relations proposées.

The purpose of the present thesis is to investigate how socially embeddedinterpretations of Israeli identity influence Israel's warring foreign policy towardsPalestinians and conversely, how this warring foreign policy contributes tosecuring and stabilizing the underlying identity narratives of the dominant Israelinational identity. Based on an interpretative Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA)framework which adopts a Foucauldian conceptualization of discourse as socialpractice, this thesis argues that today's dominant Israeli discourse of identityprovides the interpretative framework for enabling and legitimizing the formulationof a warring foreign policy. It further contends that this formulation is pivotal tothe cultural governance of the Israeli state by reproducing the dominant Israelipolitical identity and dismissing alternative Israeli and Jewish subjectivities. Thecase under study is the 2008 Gaza War, bearing the Israeli code name OperationCast Lead. Borrowing from a CDA maxim which insists that analysis should bemultimodal, this thesis takes the “aesthetic turn” and provides a reading of theIsraeli film Waltz with Bashir (2008), showing how this popular cultural productionmay provide alternative critical discursive narratives about the Self and the Other,that may offer a challenge to war-as-policy. / L'objectif du présent mémoire est de questionner comment des interprétations socialement construites de l'identité Israélienne influence la politique étrangère guerrière d'Israël envers ses voisins Palestiniens, et inversement, comment cettedernière contribue à sécuriser et stabiliser les tropes et le narratif identitaire sousjacent. À l'aide d'un modèle épistémologique interprétatif que fournit l'Analyse Critique du Discours et qui adopte une conceptualisation Foucaldienne du discours comme pratique sociale, la thèse tu présent mémoire est que le discours identitaire Israélien actuel fournit le cadre interprétatif pour rendre possible et légitimer laformulation d'une politique étrangère guerrière et que cette dernière est un outil central pour la gouvernance culturelle the l'État Israélien afin de reproduire le discours identitaire dominant et rabattre des discours identitaires alternatifs et contestataires. À ces fins, le cas sous étude est la Guerre de Gaza (2008), aussi appeler sous le nom de code Israélien de Operation Cast Lead. En tenant compte de l'aspect multimodal de la CDA, ce mémoire prend le Aesthetic turn et fournit une lecture du film Israélien Valse avec Bashir (2008) pour démontrer comment ce produit culturel populaire peut offrir un discours identitaire critique à propos du Soiet de l'Autre ainsi qu'offrir un discours critique quant à la formulation de la politique étrangère guerrière.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Brown University, 2006. / (UMI)AAI3227922. Adviser: Thomas J. Biersteker. Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 67-08, Section: A, page: 3149.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Texas A&M University, 2006. / (UMI)AAI3231619. Advisers: Charles Hermann; Nehemia Geva. Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 67-08, Section: A, page: 3146.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--The University of British Columbia (Canada), 2006. / (UMI)AAINR20118. Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 67-12, Section: A, page: 4696.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2007. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 68-11, Section: A, page: 4854. Adviser: Paul F. Diehl. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 363-376) Available on microfilm from Pro Quest Information and Learning.