Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego, 2006. / Title from first page of PDF file (viewed September 19, 2006). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-03T12:30:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Joaquim Valverde.pdf: 2049016 bytes, checksum: 621158f8b7ab32f3c334273fa3e17d5d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-08-04 / Historically, when new media are created, it is used the language resources of other pre-existent media. As the new media technology is been developed language is also adapted to both media and message, production methods and ideal interface conditions. Digital media, by nature, are programmed interfaces 'thinking' objects that cope with more than simple content representation. This is the context of this research: What theories can contribute to the understanding of the relationship between humans and digital media? The main objetive of this research was to extend a the Model of Generalizations and key Concepts for Communication Processes developed by Stephen Littlejohn and create a Transdisciplinar Model for Communication with Digital Media that includes knowledge related to the nature of human cognition, nature od digital media and their relationship.(AU) / Historicamente, ao serem criadas, novas mídias se apropriam de recursos de linguagens de outras mídias pré-existentes. Na medida em que as tecnologias da mídia se desenvolvem o mesmo ocorre com as linguagens, de forma a adaptarem-se, simultaneamente, ao meio e mensagens; modos de produção; e condições ideais de interação com os usuários. As mídias digitais, por sua natureza, dispõem de interfaces performáticas imagens-pensantes que permitem mais que a simples representação estética de conteúdos. Neste contexto, se insere a problemática desta pesquisa: Quais teorias transdisciplinares podem contribuir para a compreensão dos complexos processos comunicacionais que envolvem o relacionamento entre seres humanos e mídias digitais com propósito de aprendizagem? O objetivo desta pesquisa foi o de estender o modelo desenvolvido por Stephen Littlejohn e incluir novos conceitos e generalizações, provenientes de outros ramos da ciência com diferentes 'visões de mundo', visando ampliar a proposta de Littlejohn para um Modelo Transdisciplinar para Comunicação com Mídias Digitais, que, em nossa perspectiva, contribui para explicar os fenômenos pertinentes à relação de humanos com mídias digitais, principalmente em processos de aprendizagem de ciências. A pesquisa foi feita com métodos de pesquisa Bibliográfica e Descritiva.(AU)

Avec les neurones miroirs et les théories de la simulation, les découvertes récentes des neurosciences sur les relations intersubjectives offrent à la théorie littéraire de nouvelles données pour approcher le récit fictionnel. Elles permettent de réhabiliter le bovarysme littéraire dont la version cognitiviste, l’empathie fictionnelle, est l’objet de cette thèse. Il apparaît que dans le monde créé par la fiction, c’est l’empathie fictionnelle qu’il éprouve pour les personnages qui permet au lecteur de comprendre leurs états mentaux et d’anticiper leur comportement. Ainsi, les émotions fictionnelles, véritable catalyseur du processus de simulation qui permet au lecteur d’éprouver corporellement le point de vue du personnage, participent-elles pleinement au processus de compréhension et d’interprétation de l’histoire. L’objectif est donc de repenser l’activité du lecteur de fiction en axant la réflexion sur la manière dont le lecteur appréhende le monde fictionnel et s’y investit émotionnellement. L’aptitude à l’empathie fictionnelle devient alors une compétence de lecteur, indispensable pour qu’il puisse s’immerger dans l’univers fictionnel. Ce point de vue soulève une question concernant la didactique de la lecture littéraire. Lors de la lecture d’œuvres de fiction, en quoi et comment est-il souhaitable de solliciter l’empathie fictionnelle des élèves pour les personnages ? Cette thèse répondra à cette question en proposant un dispositif d’accompagnement de la lecture par l’écriture : le « journal de personnage ». L’expérimentation présentée, menée en classe de CM2 et de 6e, concerne le journal de Gilgamesh, héros mythologique dont le récit des aventures appartient à nos textes fondateurs. À travers l’observation de productions écrites d’élèves et l’analyse d’entretiens et de questionnaires individuels, il apparaîtra que les écritures fictionnelles en première personne demandées aux élèves sont un moyen d’exercer leur aptitude à l’empathie fictionnelle et par voie de conséquence de développer leurs compétences en matière de lecture littéraire. / With mirror neurons and simulation theories, recent findings in neuroscience on inter-subjective relations offer new data to literary theory about fictional narrative. They help restore literary bovarysm of which cognitive version, the fictional empathy, is the subject of this thesis. It appears that, in a world created by fiction, the fictional empathy that the reader feels for characters allows him to understand their mental states and anticipate their behavior. Thus, the fictional emotions, real catalyst of the simulation process that allows the reader to physically experience the perspective of the character, fully participate in the process of understanding and interpreting the story. The objective is therefore to rethink the mental activity of the reader of fiction, with a focus on how the reader grasps the fictional world and gets involved emotionally. The capacity for fictional empathy then becomes a reader’s skill, essential to immerse himself in the fictional universe. This approach raises a question about the teaching of literary reading. When reading fiction, in which way and how is it advisable to seek the students’ fictional empathy for the characters? To address this issue, this thesis proposes that a reading-cum-writing support mechanism be envisaged: the "character’s diary". The experiment conducted in CM2 and 6th grade classes, relates to the diary of Gilgamesh, mythological hero whose adventure stories belong to our founding texts. Through the observation of students' written along with the analysis of interviews and individual questionnaires, it would appear that fictional writing requested from students in the first person are a means to exercise their capacity for fictional empathy and as a corollary develop their skills in literary reading.